The genetic prehistory of the New World Arctic

Maanasa Raghavan; Michael DeGiorgio; Anders Albrechtsen; Ida Moltke; Pontus Skoglund; Thorfinn Sand Korneliussen; Bjarne Grønnow; Martin Appelt; Hans Christian Gulløv; T Max Friesen; William Fitzhugh; Helena Susanne Malmström; Simon Rasmussen; Jesper Olsen; Linea Cecilie Melchior; Benjamin T Fuller; Simon M Fahrni; Thomas Stafford jr.; Vaughan Grimes; M A Priscilla Renouf; Jerome Cybulski; Niels Lynnerup; Marta Mirazon Lahr; Kate Britton; Rick Knecht; Jette Arneborg; Mait Metspalu; Omar E Cornejo; Anna Sapfo Malaspinas; Yong Wang; Morten Rasmussen; Vibha Raghavan; Thomas van Overeem Hansen; Elza Khusnutdinova; Tracey Lynn Pierre; Kirill Dneprovsky; Claus Andreasen; Hans Lange; M Geoffrey Hayes; Joan Coltrain; Victor A Spitsyn; Anders Götherström; Ludovic Antoine Alexandre Orlando; Toomas Kivisild; Richard Villems; Michael H Crawford; Finn Cilius Nielsen; Jørgen Dissing; Jan Heinemeier; Morten Meldgaard; Carlos Bustamante; Dennis H O'Rourke; Mattias Jakobsson; M Thomas P Gilbert; Rasmus Nielsen; Eske Willerslev

doi:10.1126/science.1255832

The genetic prehistory of the New World Arctic

Maanasa Raghavan, Michael DeGiorgio, Anders Albrechtsen, Ida Moltke, Pontus Skoglund, Thorfinn Sand Korneliussen, Bjarne Grønnow, Martin Appelt, Hans Christian Gulløv, T Max Friesen, William Fitzhugh, Helena Susanne Malmström, Simon Rasmussen, Jesper Olsen, Linea Cecilie Melchior, Benjamin T Fuller, Simon M Fahrni, Thomas Stafford jr., Vaughan Grimes, M A Priscilla RenoufJerome Cybulski, Niels Lynnerup, Marta Mirazon Lahr, Kate Britton, Rick Knecht, Jette Arneborg, Mait Metspalu, Omar E Cornejo, Anna Sapfo Malaspinas, Yong Wang, Morten Rasmussen, Vibha Raghavan, Thomas van Overeem Hansen, Elza Khusnutdinova, Tracey Lynn Pierre, Kirill Dneprovsky, Claus Andreasen, Hans Lange, M Geoffrey Hayes, Joan Coltrain, Victor A Spitsyn, Anders Götherström, Ludovic Antoine Alexandre Orlando, Toomas Kivisild, Richard Villems, Michael H Crawford, Finn Cilius Nielsen, Jørgen Dissing, Jan Heinemeier, Morten Meldgaard, Carlos Bustamante, Dennis H O'Rourke, Mattias Jakobsson, M Thomas P Gilbert, Rasmus Nielsen, Eske Willerslev

178 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The New World Arctic, the last region of the Americas to be populated by humans, has a relatively well-researched archaeology, but an understanding of its genetic history is lacking. We present genome-wide sequence data from ancient and present-day humans from Greenland, Arctic Canada, Alaska, Aleutian Islands, and Siberia. We show that Paleo-Eskimos (~3000 BCE to 1300 CE) represent a migration pulse into the Americas independent of both Native American and Inuit expansions. Furthermore, the genetic continuity characterizing the Paleo-Eskimo period was interrupted by the arrival of a new population, representing the ancestors of present-day Inuit, with evidence of past gene flow between these lineages. Despite periodic abandonment of major Arctic regions, a single Paleo-Eskimo metapopulation likely survived in near-isolation for more than 4000 years, only to vanish around 700 years ago.

Original language	English
Journal	Science
Volume	345
Issue number	6200
Number of pages	9
ISSN	0036-8075
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1255832
Publication status	Published - 29 Aug 2014

Keywords

Alaska
Arctic Regions
Base Sequence
Bone and Bones
Canada
DNA, Mitochondrial
Genome, Human
Greenland
Hair
History, Ancient
Human Migration
Humans
Inuits
Molecular Sequence Data
Siberia
Survivors
Tooth

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Raghavan, M., DeGiorgio, M., Albrechtsen, A., Moltke, I., Skoglund, P., Korneliussen, T. S., Grønnow, B., Appelt, M., Gulløv, H. C., Friesen, T. M., Fitzhugh, W., Malmström, H. S., Rasmussen, S., Olsen, J., Melchior, L. C., Fuller, B. T., Fahrni, S. M., Stafford jr., T., Grimes, V., ... Willerslev, E. (2014). The genetic prehistory of the New World Arctic. Science, 345(6200). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1255832

Raghavan, M, DeGiorgio, M, Albrechtsen, A , Moltke, I, Skoglund, P, Korneliussen, TS, Grønnow, B, Appelt, M, Gulløv, HC, Friesen, TM, Fitzhugh, W, Malmström, HS, Rasmussen, S, Olsen, J, Melchior, LC, Fuller, BT, Fahrni, SM, Stafford jr., T, Grimes, V, Renouf, MAP, Cybulski, J, Lynnerup, N, Lahr, MM, Britton, K, Knecht, R, Arneborg, J, Metspalu, M, Cornejo, OE, Malaspinas, AS, Wang, Y, Rasmussen, M, Raghavan, V, Hansen, TVO, Khusnutdinova, E, Pierre, TL, Dneprovsky, K, Andreasen, C, Lange, H, Hayes, MG, Coltrain, J, Spitsyn, VA, Götherström, A, Orlando, LAA, Kivisild, T, Villems, R, Crawford, MH, Nielsen, FC, Dissing, J, Heinemeier, J, Meldgaard, M, Bustamante, C, O'Rourke, DH, Jakobsson, M, Gilbert, MTP, Nielsen, R & Willerslev, E 2014, 'The genetic prehistory of the New World Arctic', Science, vol. 345, no. 6200. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1255832

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abstract = "The New World Arctic, the last region of the Americas to be populated by humans, has a relatively well-researched archaeology, but an understanding of its genetic history is lacking. We present genome-wide sequence data from ancient and present-day humans from Greenland, Arctic Canada, Alaska, Aleutian Islands, and Siberia. We show that Paleo-Eskimos (~3000 BCE to 1300 CE) represent a migration pulse into the Americas independent of both Native American and Inuit expansions. Furthermore, the genetic continuity characterizing the Paleo-Eskimo period was interrupted by the arrival of a new population, representing the ancestors of present-day Inuit, with evidence of past gene flow between these lineages. Despite periodic abandonment of major Arctic regions, a single Paleo-Eskimo metapopulation likely survived in near-isolation for more than 4000 years, only to vanish around 700 years ago.",

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AU - Raghavan, Maanasa

AU - DeGiorgio, Michael

AU - Albrechtsen, Anders

AU - Moltke, Ida

AU - Skoglund, Pontus

AU - Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand

AU - Grønnow, Bjarne

AU - Appelt, Martin

AU - Gulløv, Hans Christian

AU - Friesen, T Max

AU - Fitzhugh, William

AU - Malmström, Helena Susanne

AU - Rasmussen, Simon

AU - Olsen, Jesper

AU - Melchior, Linea Cecilie

AU - Fuller, Benjamin T

AU - Fahrni, Simon M

AU - Stafford jr., Thomas

AU - Grimes, Vaughan

AU - Renouf, M A Priscilla

AU - Cybulski, Jerome

AU - Lynnerup, Niels

AU - Lahr, Marta Mirazon

AU - Britton, Kate

AU - Knecht, Rick

AU - Arneborg, Jette

AU - Metspalu, Mait

AU - Cornejo, Omar E

AU - Malaspinas, Anna Sapfo

AU - Wang, Yong

AU - Rasmussen, Morten

AU - Raghavan, Vibha

AU - Hansen, Thomas van Overeem

AU - Khusnutdinova, Elza

AU - Pierre, Tracey Lynn

AU - Dneprovsky, Kirill

AU - Andreasen, Claus

AU - Lange, Hans

AU - Hayes, M Geoffrey

AU - Coltrain, Joan

AU - Spitsyn, Victor A

AU - Götherström, Anders

AU - Orlando, Ludovic Antoine Alexandre

AU - Kivisild, Toomas

AU - Villems, Richard

AU - Crawford, Michael H

AU - Nielsen, Finn Cilius

AU - Dissing, Jørgen

AU - Heinemeier, Jan

AU - Meldgaard, Morten

AU - Bustamante, Carlos

AU - O'Rourke, Dennis H

AU - Jakobsson, Mattias

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AU - Nielsen, Rasmus

AU - Willerslev, Eske

PY - 2014/8/29

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N2 - The New World Arctic, the last region of the Americas to be populated by humans, has a relatively well-researched archaeology, but an understanding of its genetic history is lacking. We present genome-wide sequence data from ancient and present-day humans from Greenland, Arctic Canada, Alaska, Aleutian Islands, and Siberia. We show that Paleo-Eskimos (~3000 BCE to 1300 CE) represent a migration pulse into the Americas independent of both Native American and Inuit expansions. Furthermore, the genetic continuity characterizing the Paleo-Eskimo period was interrupted by the arrival of a new population, representing the ancestors of present-day Inuit, with evidence of past gene flow between these lineages. Despite periodic abandonment of major Arctic regions, a single Paleo-Eskimo metapopulation likely survived in near-isolation for more than 4000 years, only to vanish around 700 years ago.

AB - The New World Arctic, the last region of the Americas to be populated by humans, has a relatively well-researched archaeology, but an understanding of its genetic history is lacking. We present genome-wide sequence data from ancient and present-day humans from Greenland, Arctic Canada, Alaska, Aleutian Islands, and Siberia. We show that Paleo-Eskimos (~3000 BCE to 1300 CE) represent a migration pulse into the Americas independent of both Native American and Inuit expansions. Furthermore, the genetic continuity characterizing the Paleo-Eskimo period was interrupted by the arrival of a new population, representing the ancestors of present-day Inuit, with evidence of past gene flow between these lineages. Despite periodic abandonment of major Arctic regions, a single Paleo-Eskimo metapopulation likely survived in near-isolation for more than 4000 years, only to vanish around 700 years ago.

KW - Alaska

KW - Arctic Regions

KW - Base Sequence

KW - Bone and Bones

KW - Canada

KW - DNA, Mitochondrial

KW - Genome, Human

KW - Greenland

KW - Hair

KW - History, Ancient

KW - Human Migration

KW - Humans

KW - Inuits

KW - Molecular Sequence Data

KW - Siberia

KW - Survivors

KW - Tooth

U2 - 10.1126/science.1255832

DO - 10.1126/science.1255832

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 25170159

SN - 0036-8075

VL - 345

JO - Science

JF - Science

IS - 6200

ER -

The genetic prehistory of the New World Arctic

Abstract

Keywords

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