The forgotten D: challenges of addressing forest degradation in complex mosaic landscapes under REDD+

Ole Mertz; Daniel Müller; Thomas Sikor; Cornelia Hett; Andreas Heinimann; Jean-Christophe Castella; Guillaume Lestrelin; Casey M. Ryan; David S. Reay; Dietrich Schmidt-Vogt; Finn Danielsen; Ida Theilade; Meine van Noordwijk; Louis V. Verchot; Neil David Burgess; Nicholas J. Berry; Thu Thuy Pham; Peter Messerli; Jianchu Xu; Rasmus Fensholt; Patrick Hostert; Dirk Pflugmacher; Thilde Bech Bruun; Andreas de Neergaard; Klaus Dons; Sonya Dewi; Ervan Rutishauser; Zhanli Sun

doi:10.1080/00167223.2012.709678

The forgotten D: challenges of addressing forest degradation in complex mosaic landscapes under REDD+

Ole Mertz, Daniel Müller, Thomas Sikor, Cornelia Hett, Andreas Heinimann, Jean-Christophe Castella, Guillaume Lestrelin, Casey M. Ryan, David S. Reay, Dietrich Schmidt-Vogt, Finn Danielsen, Ida Theilade, Meine van Noordwijk, Louis V. Verchot, Neil David Burgess, Nicholas J. Berry, Thu Thuy Pham, Peter Messerli, Jianchu Xu, Rasmus FensholtPatrick Hostert, Dirk Pflugmacher, Thilde Bech Bruun, Andreas de Neergaard, Klaus Dons, Sonya Dewi, Ervan Rutishauser, Zhanli Sun

64 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

International climate negotiations have stressed the importance of considering emissions from forest degradation under the planned REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation + enhancing forest carbon stocks) mechanism. However, most research, pilot-REDD+ projects and carbon certification agencies have focused on deforestation and there appears to be a gap in knowledge on complex mosaic landscapes containing degraded forests, smallholder agriculture, agroforestry and plantations. In this paper we therefore review current research on how avoided forest degradation may affect emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) and expected co-benefits in terms of biodiversity and livelihoods.There are still high uncertainties in measuring and monitoring emissions of carbon and other GHG from mosaic landscapes with forest degradation since most research has focused on binary analyses of forest vs. deforested land. Studies on the impacts of forest degradation on biodiversity contain mixed results and there is little empirical evidence on the influence of REDD+ on local livelihoods and tenure security, partly due to the lack of actual payment schemes.Governance structures are also more complex in landscapes with degraded forests as there are often multiple owners and types of rights to land and trees. Recent technological advances in remote sensing have improved estimation of carbon stock changes but establishment of historic reference levels is still challenged by the availability of sensor systems and ground measurements during the reference period. The inclusion of forest degradation in REDD+ calls for a range of new research efforts to enhance our knowledge of how to assess the impacts of avoided forest degradation. A first step will be to ensure that complex mosaic landscapes can be recognised under REDD+ on their own merits.

Original language	English
Journal	Geografisk Tidsskrift/Danish Journal of Geography
Volume	112
Issue number	1
Pages (from-to)	63-76
Number of pages	14
ISSN	0016-7223
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2012.709678
Publication status	Published - 2012

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Mertz, O., Müller, D., Sikor, T., Hett, C., Heinimann, A., Castella, J.-C., Lestrelin, G., Ryan, C. M., Reay, D. S., Schmidt-Vogt, D., Danielsen, F., Theilade, I., van Noordwijk, M., Verchot, L. V., Burgess, N. D., Berry, N. J., Pham, T. T., Messerli, P., Xu, J., ... Sun, Z. (2012). The forgotten D: challenges of addressing forest degradation in complex mosaic landscapes under REDD+. Geografisk Tidsskrift/Danish Journal of Geography, 112(1), 63-76. https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2012.709678

Mertz, O, Müller, D, Sikor, T, Hett, C, Heinimann, A, Castella, J-C, Lestrelin, G, Ryan, CM, Reay, DS, Schmidt-Vogt, D, Danielsen, F, Theilade, I, van Noordwijk, M, Verchot, LV, Burgess, ND, Berry, NJ, Pham, TT, Messerli, P, Xu, J, Fensholt, R, Hostert, P, Pflugmacher, D, Bruun, TB, de Neergaard, A, Dons, K, Dewi, S, Rutishauser, E & Sun, Z 2012, 'The forgotten D: challenges of addressing forest degradation in complex mosaic landscapes under REDD+', Geografisk Tidsskrift/Danish Journal of Geography, vol. 112, no. 1, pp. 63-76. https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2012.709678

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title = "The forgotten D: challenges of addressing forest degradation in complex mosaic landscapes under REDD+",

abstract = "International climate negotiations have stressed the importance of considering emissions from forest degradation under the planned REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation + enhancing forest carbon stocks) mechanism. However, most research, pilot-REDD+ projects and carbon certification agencies have focused on deforestation and there appears to be a gap in knowledge on complex mosaic landscapes containing degraded forests, smallholder agriculture, agroforestry and plantations. In this paper we therefore review current research on how avoided forest degradation may affect emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) and expected co-benefits in terms of biodiversity and livelihoods.There are still high uncertainties in measuring and monitoring emissions of carbon and other GHG from mosaic landscapes with forest degradation since most research has focused on binary analyses of forest vs. deforested land. Studies on the impacts of forest degradation on biodiversity contain mixed results and there is little empirical evidence on the influence of REDD+ on local livelihoods and tenure security, partly due to the lack of actual payment schemes.Governance structures are also more complex in landscapes with degraded forests as there are often multiple owners and types of rights to land and trees. Recent technological advances in remote sensing have improved estimation of carbon stock changes but establishment of historic reference levels is still challenged by the availability of sensor systems and ground measurements during the reference period. The inclusion of forest degradation in REDD+ calls for a range of new research efforts to enhance our knowledge of how to assess the impacts of avoided forest degradation. A first step will be to ensure that complex mosaic landscapes can be recognised under REDD+ on their own merits.",

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T2 - challenges of addressing forest degradation in complex mosaic landscapes under REDD+

AU - Mertz, Ole

AU - Müller, Daniel

AU - Sikor, Thomas

AU - Hett, Cornelia

AU - Heinimann, Andreas

AU - Castella, Jean-Christophe

AU - Lestrelin, Guillaume

AU - Ryan, Casey M.

AU - Reay, David S.

AU - Schmidt-Vogt, Dietrich

AU - Danielsen, Finn

AU - Theilade, Ida

AU - van Noordwijk, Meine

AU - Verchot, Louis V.

AU - Burgess, Neil David

AU - Berry, Nicholas J.

AU - Pham, Thu Thuy

AU - Messerli, Peter

AU - Xu, Jianchu

AU - Fensholt, Rasmus

AU - Hostert, Patrick

AU - Pflugmacher, Dirk

AU - Bruun, Thilde Bech

AU - de Neergaard, Andreas

AU - Dons, Klaus

AU - Dewi, Sonya

AU - Rutishauser, Ervan

AU - Sun, Zhanli

PY - 2012

Y1 - 2012

N2 - International climate negotiations have stressed the importance of considering emissions from forest degradation under the planned REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation + enhancing forest carbon stocks) mechanism. However, most research, pilot-REDD+ projects and carbon certification agencies have focused on deforestation and there appears to be a gap in knowledge on complex mosaic landscapes containing degraded forests, smallholder agriculture, agroforestry and plantations. In this paper we therefore review current research on how avoided forest degradation may affect emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) and expected co-benefits in terms of biodiversity and livelihoods.There are still high uncertainties in measuring and monitoring emissions of carbon and other GHG from mosaic landscapes with forest degradation since most research has focused on binary analyses of forest vs. deforested land. Studies on the impacts of forest degradation on biodiversity contain mixed results and there is little empirical evidence on the influence of REDD+ on local livelihoods and tenure security, partly due to the lack of actual payment schemes.Governance structures are also more complex in landscapes with degraded forests as there are often multiple owners and types of rights to land and trees. Recent technological advances in remote sensing have improved estimation of carbon stock changes but establishment of historic reference levels is still challenged by the availability of sensor systems and ground measurements during the reference period. The inclusion of forest degradation in REDD+ calls for a range of new research efforts to enhance our knowledge of how to assess the impacts of avoided forest degradation. A first step will be to ensure that complex mosaic landscapes can be recognised under REDD+ on their own merits.

AB - International climate negotiations have stressed the importance of considering emissions from forest degradation under the planned REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation + enhancing forest carbon stocks) mechanism. However, most research, pilot-REDD+ projects and carbon certification agencies have focused on deforestation and there appears to be a gap in knowledge on complex mosaic landscapes containing degraded forests, smallholder agriculture, agroforestry and plantations. In this paper we therefore review current research on how avoided forest degradation may affect emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) and expected co-benefits in terms of biodiversity and livelihoods.There are still high uncertainties in measuring and monitoring emissions of carbon and other GHG from mosaic landscapes with forest degradation since most research has focused on binary analyses of forest vs. deforested land. Studies on the impacts of forest degradation on biodiversity contain mixed results and there is little empirical evidence on the influence of REDD+ on local livelihoods and tenure security, partly due to the lack of actual payment schemes.Governance structures are also more complex in landscapes with degraded forests as there are often multiple owners and types of rights to land and trees. Recent technological advances in remote sensing have improved estimation of carbon stock changes but establishment of historic reference levels is still challenged by the availability of sensor systems and ground measurements during the reference period. The inclusion of forest degradation in REDD+ calls for a range of new research efforts to enhance our knowledge of how to assess the impacts of avoided forest degradation. A first step will be to ensure that complex mosaic landscapes can be recognised under REDD+ on their own merits.

U2 - 10.1080/00167223.2012.709678

DO - 10.1080/00167223.2012.709678

M3 - Journal article

SN - 0016-7223

VL - 112

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EP - 76

JO - Geografisk Tidsskrift/Danish Journal of Geography

JF - Geografisk Tidsskrift/Danish Journal of Geography

IS - 1

ER -

The forgotten D: challenges of addressing forest degradation in complex mosaic landscapes under REDD+

Abstract

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