The effect of perinatal exposure to ethinyl oestradiol or a mixture of endocrine disrupting pesticides on kisspeptin neurons in the rat hypothalamus

Agnete Overgaard; Klaus Holst; Karen Mandrup; Julie Boberg; Sofie Christiansen; Anja Pernille Jacobsen; Ulla Hass; Jens D Mikkelsen

doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2013.04.012

The effect of perinatal exposure to ethinyl oestradiol or a mixture of endocrine disrupting pesticides on kisspeptin neurons in the rat hypothalamus

Agnete Overgaard, Klaus Holst, Karen Mandrup, Julie Boberg, Sofie Christiansen, Anja Pernille Jacobsen, Ulla Hass, Jens D Mikkelsen

9 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Early life exposure to endocrine disruptors is considered to disturb normal development of hormone sensitive parameters and contribute to advanced puberty and reduced fecundity in humans. Kisspeptin is a positive regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, and plays a key role in the initiation of puberty. In the adult, Kiss1 gene expression occurs in two hypothalamic nuclei, namely the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) and the arcuate nucleus (ARC), which are differentially regulated by peripheral sex steroid hormones. In this study we determined the effects on puberty onset and Kiss1 mRNA levels in each of the two nuclei after long-term perinatal exposure of rats to ethinyl oestradiol (EE₂) or to five different pesticides, individually and in a mixture. Rat dams were per orally administered with three doses of EE₂ (5, 15 or 50μg/kg/day) or with the pesticides epoxiconazole, mancozeb, prochloraz, tebuconazole, and procymidone, alone or in a mixture of the five pesticides at three different doses. Kiss1 mRNA expression was determined in the AVPV and in the ARC of the adult male and female pups in the EE₂ experiment, and in the adult female pups in the pesticide experiment. We find that perinatal EE₂ exposure did not affect Kiss1 mRNA expression in this study designed to model human exposure to estrogenic compounds, and we find only minor effects on puberty onset. Further, the Kiss1 system does not exhibit persistent changes and puberty onset is not affected after perinatal exposure to a pesticide mixture in this experimental setting. However, we find that the pesticide mancozeb tends to increase Kiss1 expression in the ARC, presumably through neurotoxic mechanisms rather than via classical endocrine disruption, calling for increased awareness that Kiss1 expression can be affected by environmental pollutants through multiple mechanisms.

Original language	English
Journal	NeuroToxicology
Volume	37
Pages (from-to)	154-162
Number of pages	9
ISSN	0161-813X
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2013.04.012
Publication status	Published - 2013

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title = "The effect of perinatal exposure to ethinyl oestradiol or a mixture of endocrine disrupting pesticides on kisspeptin neurons in the rat hypothalamus",

abstract = "Early life exposure to endocrine disruptors is considered to disturb normal development of hormone sensitive parameters and contribute to advanced puberty and reduced fecundity in humans. Kisspeptin is a positive regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, and plays a key role in the initiation of puberty. In the adult, Kiss1 gene expression occurs in two hypothalamic nuclei, namely the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) and the arcuate nucleus (ARC), which are differentially regulated by peripheral sex steroid hormones. In this study we determined the effects on puberty onset and Kiss1 mRNA levels in each of the two nuclei after long-term perinatal exposure of rats to ethinyl oestradiol (EE2) or to five different pesticides, individually and in a mixture. Rat dams were per orally administered with three doses of EE2 (5, 15 or 50μg/kg/day) or with the pesticides epoxiconazole, mancozeb, prochloraz, tebuconazole, and procymidone, alone or in a mixture of the five pesticides at three different doses. Kiss1 mRNA expression was determined in the AVPV and in the ARC of the adult male and female pups in the EE2 experiment, and in the adult female pups in the pesticide experiment. We find that perinatal EE2 exposure did not affect Kiss1 mRNA expression in this study designed to model human exposure to estrogenic compounds, and we find only minor effects on puberty onset. Further, the Kiss1 system does not exhibit persistent changes and puberty onset is not affected after perinatal exposure to a pesticide mixture in this experimental setting. However, we find that the pesticide mancozeb tends to increase Kiss1 expression in the ARC, presumably through neurotoxic mechanisms rather than via classical endocrine disruption, calling for increased awareness that Kiss1 expression can be affected by environmental pollutants through multiple mechanisms.",

author = "Agnete Overgaard and Klaus Holst and Karen Mandrup and Julie Boberg and Sofie Christiansen and Jacobsen, {Anja Pernille} and Ulla Hass and Mikkelsen, {Jens D}",

year = "2013",

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language = "English",

volume = "37",

pages = "154--162",

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T1 - The effect of perinatal exposure to ethinyl oestradiol or a mixture of endocrine disrupting pesticides on kisspeptin neurons in the rat hypothalamus

AU - Overgaard, Agnete

AU - Holst, Klaus

AU - Mandrup, Karen

AU - Boberg, Julie

AU - Christiansen, Sofie

AU - Jacobsen, Anja Pernille

AU - Hass, Ulla

AU - Mikkelsen, Jens D

PY - 2013

Y1 - 2013

N2 - Early life exposure to endocrine disruptors is considered to disturb normal development of hormone sensitive parameters and contribute to advanced puberty and reduced fecundity in humans. Kisspeptin is a positive regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, and plays a key role in the initiation of puberty. In the adult, Kiss1 gene expression occurs in two hypothalamic nuclei, namely the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) and the arcuate nucleus (ARC), which are differentially regulated by peripheral sex steroid hormones. In this study we determined the effects on puberty onset and Kiss1 mRNA levels in each of the two nuclei after long-term perinatal exposure of rats to ethinyl oestradiol (EE2) or to five different pesticides, individually and in a mixture. Rat dams were per orally administered with three doses of EE2 (5, 15 or 50μg/kg/day) or with the pesticides epoxiconazole, mancozeb, prochloraz, tebuconazole, and procymidone, alone or in a mixture of the five pesticides at three different doses. Kiss1 mRNA expression was determined in the AVPV and in the ARC of the adult male and female pups in the EE2 experiment, and in the adult female pups in the pesticide experiment. We find that perinatal EE2 exposure did not affect Kiss1 mRNA expression in this study designed to model human exposure to estrogenic compounds, and we find only minor effects on puberty onset. Further, the Kiss1 system does not exhibit persistent changes and puberty onset is not affected after perinatal exposure to a pesticide mixture in this experimental setting. However, we find that the pesticide mancozeb tends to increase Kiss1 expression in the ARC, presumably through neurotoxic mechanisms rather than via classical endocrine disruption, calling for increased awareness that Kiss1 expression can be affected by environmental pollutants through multiple mechanisms.

AB - Early life exposure to endocrine disruptors is considered to disturb normal development of hormone sensitive parameters and contribute to advanced puberty and reduced fecundity in humans. Kisspeptin is a positive regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, and plays a key role in the initiation of puberty. In the adult, Kiss1 gene expression occurs in two hypothalamic nuclei, namely the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) and the arcuate nucleus (ARC), which are differentially regulated by peripheral sex steroid hormones. In this study we determined the effects on puberty onset and Kiss1 mRNA levels in each of the two nuclei after long-term perinatal exposure of rats to ethinyl oestradiol (EE2) or to five different pesticides, individually and in a mixture. Rat dams were per orally administered with three doses of EE2 (5, 15 or 50μg/kg/day) or with the pesticides epoxiconazole, mancozeb, prochloraz, tebuconazole, and procymidone, alone or in a mixture of the five pesticides at three different doses. Kiss1 mRNA expression was determined in the AVPV and in the ARC of the adult male and female pups in the EE2 experiment, and in the adult female pups in the pesticide experiment. We find that perinatal EE2 exposure did not affect Kiss1 mRNA expression in this study designed to model human exposure to estrogenic compounds, and we find only minor effects on puberty onset. Further, the Kiss1 system does not exhibit persistent changes and puberty onset is not affected after perinatal exposure to a pesticide mixture in this experimental setting. However, we find that the pesticide mancozeb tends to increase Kiss1 expression in the ARC, presumably through neurotoxic mechanisms rather than via classical endocrine disruption, calling for increased awareness that Kiss1 expression can be affected by environmental pollutants through multiple mechanisms.

U2 - 10.1016/j.neuro.2013.04.012

DO - 10.1016/j.neuro.2013.04.012

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 23660487

SN - 0161-813X

VL - 37

SP - 154

EP - 162

JO - NeuroToxicology

JF - NeuroToxicology

ER -

The effect of perinatal exposure to ethinyl oestradiol or a mixture of endocrine disrupting pesticides on kisspeptin neurons in the rat hypothalamus

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