The detection and characterization of a nontransiting planet by transit timing variations

David Nesvorný; David M. Kipping; Lars A. Buchhave; Gáspár Á. Bakos; Joel Hartman; Allan R. Schmitt

doi:10.1126/science.1221141

The detection and characterization of a nontransiting planet by transit timing variations

David Nesvorný, David M. Kipping, Lars A. Buchhave, Gáspár Á. Bakos, Joel Hartman, Allan R. Schmitt

Astrophysics and Planetary Science

90 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The Kepler mission is monitoring the brightness of ∼150,000 stars, searching for evidence of planetary transits. As part of the Hunt for Exomoons with Kepler (HEK) project, we report a planetary system with two confirmed planets and one candidate planet discovered with the publicly available data for KOI-872. Planet b transits the host star with a period P_b = 33.6 days and exhibits large transit timing variations indicative of a perturber. Dynamical modeling uniquely detects an outer nontransiting planet c near the 5:3 resonance (P_c = 57.0 days) with a mass 0.37 times that of Jupiter. Transits of a third planetary candidate are also found: a 1.7-Earth radius super-Earth with a 6.8-day period. Our analysis indicates a system with nearly coplanar and circular orbits, reminiscent of the orderly arrangement within the solar system.

Original language	English
Journal	Science
Volume	336
Issue number	6085
Pages (from-to)	1133-1136
Number of pages	4
ISSN	0036-8075
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1221141
Publication status	Published - 1 Jun 2012

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title = "The detection and characterization of a nontransiting planet by transit timing variations",

abstract = "The Kepler mission is monitoring the brightness of ∼150,000 stars, searching for evidence of planetary transits. As part of the Hunt for Exomoons with Kepler (HEK) project, we report a planetary system with two confirmed planets and one candidate planet discovered with the publicly available data for KOI-872. Planet b transits the host star with a period Pb = 33.6 days and exhibits large transit timing variations indicative of a perturber. Dynamical modeling uniquely detects an outer nontransiting planet c near the 5:3 resonance (Pc = 57.0 days) with a mass 0.37 times that of Jupiter. Transits of a third planetary candidate are also found: a 1.7-Earth radius super-Earth with a 6.8-day period. Our analysis indicates a system with nearly coplanar and circular orbits, reminiscent of the orderly arrangement within the solar system.",

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T1 - The detection and characterization of a nontransiting planet by transit timing variations

AU - Nesvorný, David

AU - Kipping, David M.

AU - Buchhave, Lars A.

AU - Bakos, Gáspár Á.

AU - Hartman, Joel

AU - Schmitt, Allan R.

PY - 2012/6/1

Y1 - 2012/6/1

N2 - The Kepler mission is monitoring the brightness of ∼150,000 stars, searching for evidence of planetary transits. As part of the Hunt for Exomoons with Kepler (HEK) project, we report a planetary system with two confirmed planets and one candidate planet discovered with the publicly available data for KOI-872. Planet b transits the host star with a period Pb = 33.6 days and exhibits large transit timing variations indicative of a perturber. Dynamical modeling uniquely detects an outer nontransiting planet c near the 5:3 resonance (Pc = 57.0 days) with a mass 0.37 times that of Jupiter. Transits of a third planetary candidate are also found: a 1.7-Earth radius super-Earth with a 6.8-day period. Our analysis indicates a system with nearly coplanar and circular orbits, reminiscent of the orderly arrangement within the solar system.

AB - The Kepler mission is monitoring the brightness of ∼150,000 stars, searching for evidence of planetary transits. As part of the Hunt for Exomoons with Kepler (HEK) project, we report a planetary system with two confirmed planets and one candidate planet discovered with the publicly available data for KOI-872. Planet b transits the host star with a period Pb = 33.6 days and exhibits large transit timing variations indicative of a perturber. Dynamical modeling uniquely detects an outer nontransiting planet c near the 5:3 resonance (Pc = 57.0 days) with a mass 0.37 times that of Jupiter. Transits of a third planetary candidate are also found: a 1.7-Earth radius super-Earth with a 6.8-day period. Our analysis indicates a system with nearly coplanar and circular orbits, reminiscent of the orderly arrangement within the solar system.

U2 - 10.1126/science.1221141

DO - 10.1126/science.1221141

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The detection and characterization of a nontransiting planet by transit timing variations

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