The dental calculus metabolome in modern and historic samples

Irina M. Velsko; Katherine A. Overmyer; Camilla Speller; Lauren Klaus; Matthew James Collins; Louise Loe; Laurent A. F. Frantz; Krithivasan Sankaranarayanan; Cecil M. Lewis; Juan Bautista Rodriguez Martinez; Eros Chaves; Joshua J. Coon; Greger Larson; Christina Warinner

doi:10.1007/s11306-017-1270-3

The dental calculus metabolome in modern and historic samples

Irina M. Velsko, Katherine A. Overmyer, Camilla Speller, Lauren Klaus, Matthew James Collins, Louise Loe, Laurent A. F. Frantz, Krithivasan Sankaranarayanan, Cecil M. Lewis, Juan Bautista Rodriguez Martinez, Eros Chaves, Joshua J. Coon, Greger Larson, Christina Warinner^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

19 Citations (Scopus)

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Abstract

Introduction: Dental calculus is a mineralized microbial dental plaque biofilm that forms throughout life by precipitation of salivary calcium salts. Successive cycles of dental plaque growth and calcification make it an unusually well-preserved, long-term record of host-microbial interaction in the archaeological record. Recent studies have confirmed the survival of authentic ancient DNA and proteins within historic and prehistoric dental calculus, making it a promising substrate for investigating oral microbiome evolution via direct measurement and comparison of modern and ancient specimens. Objective: We present the first comprehensive characterization of the human dental calculus metabolome using a multi-platform approach. Methods: Ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) quantified 285 metabolites in modern and historic (200 years old) dental calculus, including metabolites of drug and dietary origin. A subset of historic samples was additionally analyzed by high-resolution gas chromatography–MS (GC–MS) and UPLC–MS/MS for further characterization of metabolites and lipids. Metabolite profiles of modern and historic calculus were compared to identify patterns of persistence and loss. Results: Dipeptides, free amino acids, free nucleotides, and carbohydrates substantially decrease in abundance and ubiquity in archaeological samples, with some exceptions. Lipids generally persist, and saturated and mono-unsaturated medium and long chain fatty acids appear to be well-preserved, while metabolic derivatives related to oxidation and chemical degradation are found at higher levels in archaeological dental calculus than fresh samples. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that certain metabolite classes have higher potential for recovery over long time scales and may serve as appropriate targets for oral microbiome evolutionary studies.

Original language	English
Article number	134
Journal	Metabolomics
Volume	13
Issue number	11
Number of pages	17
ISSN	1573-3882
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-017-1270-3
Publication status	Published - Nov 2017

Keywords

Archaeology
Dental plaque
GC–MS
Metabolomics
Oral microbiome
UPLC–MS/MS

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@article{163d22a372214d1bab4289c380910448,

title = "The dental calculus metabolome in modern and historic samples",

abstract = "Introduction: Dental calculus is a mineralized microbial dental plaque biofilm that forms throughout life by precipitation of salivary calcium salts. Successive cycles of dental plaque growth and calcification make it an unusually well-preserved, long-term record of host-microbial interaction in the archaeological record. Recent studies have confirmed the survival of authentic ancient DNA and proteins within historic and prehistoric dental calculus, making it a promising substrate for investigating oral microbiome evolution via direct measurement and comparison of modern and ancient specimens. Objective: We present the first comprehensive characterization of the human dental calculus metabolome using a multi-platform approach. Methods: Ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) quantified 285 metabolites in modern and historic (200 years old) dental calculus, including metabolites of drug and dietary origin. A subset of historic samples was additionally analyzed by high-resolution gas chromatography–MS (GC–MS) and UPLC–MS/MS for further characterization of metabolites and lipids. Metabolite profiles of modern and historic calculus were compared to identify patterns of persistence and loss. Results: Dipeptides, free amino acids, free nucleotides, and carbohydrates substantially decrease in abundance and ubiquity in archaeological samples, with some exceptions. Lipids generally persist, and saturated and mono-unsaturated medium and long chain fatty acids appear to be well-preserved, while metabolic derivatives related to oxidation and chemical degradation are found at higher levels in archaeological dental calculus than fresh samples. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that certain metabolite classes have higher potential for recovery over long time scales and may serve as appropriate targets for oral microbiome evolutionary studies.",

keywords = "Archaeology, Dental plaque, GC–MS, Metabolomics, Oral microbiome, UPLC–MS/MS",

author = "Velsko, {Irina M.} and Overmyer, {Katherine A.} and Camilla Speller and Lauren Klaus and Collins, {Matthew James} and Louise Loe and Frantz, {Laurent A. F.} and Krithivasan Sankaranarayanan and Lewis, {Cecil M.} and Martinez, {Juan Bautista Rodriguez} and Eros Chaves and Coon, {Joshua J.} and Greger Larson and Christina Warinner",

year = "2017",

month = nov,

doi = "10.1007/s11306-017-1270-3",

language = "English",

volume = "13",

journal = "Metabolomics",

issn = "1573-3882",

publisher = "Springer",

number = "11",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - The dental calculus metabolome in modern and historic samples

AU - Velsko, Irina M.

AU - Overmyer, Katherine A.

AU - Speller, Camilla

AU - Klaus, Lauren

AU - Collins, Matthew James

AU - Loe, Louise

AU - Frantz, Laurent A. F.

AU - Sankaranarayanan, Krithivasan

AU - Lewis, Cecil M.

AU - Martinez, Juan Bautista Rodriguez

AU - Chaves, Eros

AU - Coon, Joshua J.

AU - Larson, Greger

AU - Warinner, Christina

PY - 2017/11

Y1 - 2017/11

N2 - Introduction: Dental calculus is a mineralized microbial dental plaque biofilm that forms throughout life by precipitation of salivary calcium salts. Successive cycles of dental plaque growth and calcification make it an unusually well-preserved, long-term record of host-microbial interaction in the archaeological record. Recent studies have confirmed the survival of authentic ancient DNA and proteins within historic and prehistoric dental calculus, making it a promising substrate for investigating oral microbiome evolution via direct measurement and comparison of modern and ancient specimens. Objective: We present the first comprehensive characterization of the human dental calculus metabolome using a multi-platform approach. Methods: Ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) quantified 285 metabolites in modern and historic (200 years old) dental calculus, including metabolites of drug and dietary origin. A subset of historic samples was additionally analyzed by high-resolution gas chromatography–MS (GC–MS) and UPLC–MS/MS for further characterization of metabolites and lipids. Metabolite profiles of modern and historic calculus were compared to identify patterns of persistence and loss. Results: Dipeptides, free amino acids, free nucleotides, and carbohydrates substantially decrease in abundance and ubiquity in archaeological samples, with some exceptions. Lipids generally persist, and saturated and mono-unsaturated medium and long chain fatty acids appear to be well-preserved, while metabolic derivatives related to oxidation and chemical degradation are found at higher levels in archaeological dental calculus than fresh samples. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that certain metabolite classes have higher potential for recovery over long time scales and may serve as appropriate targets for oral microbiome evolutionary studies.

AB - Introduction: Dental calculus is a mineralized microbial dental plaque biofilm that forms throughout life by precipitation of salivary calcium salts. Successive cycles of dental plaque growth and calcification make it an unusually well-preserved, long-term record of host-microbial interaction in the archaeological record. Recent studies have confirmed the survival of authentic ancient DNA and proteins within historic and prehistoric dental calculus, making it a promising substrate for investigating oral microbiome evolution via direct measurement and comparison of modern and ancient specimens. Objective: We present the first comprehensive characterization of the human dental calculus metabolome using a multi-platform approach. Methods: Ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) quantified 285 metabolites in modern and historic (200 years old) dental calculus, including metabolites of drug and dietary origin. A subset of historic samples was additionally analyzed by high-resolution gas chromatography–MS (GC–MS) and UPLC–MS/MS for further characterization of metabolites and lipids. Metabolite profiles of modern and historic calculus were compared to identify patterns of persistence and loss. Results: Dipeptides, free amino acids, free nucleotides, and carbohydrates substantially decrease in abundance and ubiquity in archaeological samples, with some exceptions. Lipids generally persist, and saturated and mono-unsaturated medium and long chain fatty acids appear to be well-preserved, while metabolic derivatives related to oxidation and chemical degradation are found at higher levels in archaeological dental calculus than fresh samples. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that certain metabolite classes have higher potential for recovery over long time scales and may serve as appropriate targets for oral microbiome evolutionary studies.

KW - Archaeology

KW - Dental plaque

KW - GC–MS

KW - Metabolomics

KW - Oral microbiome

KW - UPLC–MS/MS

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85030764239&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1007/s11306-017-1270-3

DO - 10.1007/s11306-017-1270-3

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 29046620

AN - SCOPUS:85030764239

SN - 1573-3882

VL - 13

JO - Metabolomics

JF - Metabolomics

IS - 11

M1 - 134

ER -

The dental calculus metabolome in modern and historic samples

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