The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe

Iñigo Olalde; Selina Brace; Morten E. Allentoft; Ian Armit; Kristian Kristiansen; Thomas Booth; Nadin Rohland; Swapan Mallick; Anna Szécsényi-nagy; Alissa Mittnik; Eveline Altena; Mark Lipson; Iosif Lazaridis; Thomas K. Harper; Nick Patterson; Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht; Yoan Diekmann; Zuzana Faltyskova; Daniel Fernandes; Matthew Ferry; Eadaoin Harney; Peter De Knijff; Megan Michel; Jonas Oppenheimer; Kristin Stewardson; Alistair Barclay; Kurt Werner Alt; Corina Liesau; Patricia Ríos; Concepción Blasco; Jorge Vega Miguel; Roberto Menduiña García; Azucena Avilés Fernández; Eszter Bánffy; Maria Bernabò-brea; David Billoin; Clive Bonsall; Laura Bonsall; Tim Allen; Lindsey Büster; Sophie Carver; Laura Castells Navarro; Oliver E. Craig; Gordon T. Cook; Barry Cunliffe; Anthony Denaire; Kirsten Egging Dinwiddy; Natasha Dodwell; Michal Ernée; Christopher Evans; Milan Kuchařík; Joan Francès Farré; Chris Fowler; Michiel Gazenbeek; Rafael Garrido Pena; María Haber-uriarte; Elżbieta Haduch; Gill Hey; Nick Jowett; Timothy Knowles; Ken Massy; Saskia Pfrengle; Philippe Lefranc; Olivier Lemercier; Arnaud Lefebvre; César Heras Martínez; Virginia Galera Olmo; Ana Bastida Ramírez; Joaquín Lomba Maurandi; Tona Majó; Jacqueline I. Mckinley; Kathleen Mcsweeney; Balázs Gusztáv Mende; Alessandra Mod; Gabriella Kulcsár; Viktória Kiss; András Czene; Róbert Patay; Anna Endrődi; Kitti Köhler; Tamás Hajdu; Tamás Szeniczey; János Dani; Zsolt Bernert; Maya Hoole; Olivia Cheronet; Denise Keating; Petr Velemínský; Miroslav Dobeš; Francesca Candilio; Fraser Brown; Raúl Flores Fernández; Ana-mercedes Herrero-corral; Sebastiano Tusa; Emiliano Carnieri; Luigi Lentini; Antonella Valenti; Alessandro Zanini; Clive Waddington; Germán Delibes; Elisa Guerra-doce; Benjamin Neil; Marcus Brittain; Mike Luke; Richard Mortimer; Jocelyne Desideri; Marie Besse; Günter Brücken; Mirosław Furmanek; Agata Hałuszko; Maksym Mackiewicz; Artur Rapiński; Stephany Leach; Ignacio Soriano; Katina T. Lillios; João Luís Cardoso; Michael Parker Pearson; Piotr Włodarczak; T. Douglas Price; Pilar Prieto; Pierre-jérôme Rey; Roberto Risch; Manuel A. Rojo Guerra; Aurore Schmitt; Joël Serralongue; Ana Maria Silva; Václav Smrčka; Luc Vergnaud; João Zilhão; David Caramelli; Thomas Higham; Mark G. Thomas; Douglas J. Kennett; Harry Fokkens; Volker Heyd; Alison Sheridan; Karl-göran Sjögren; Philipp W. Stockhammer; Johannes Krause; Ron Pinhasi; Wolfgang Haak; Ian Barnes; Carles Lalueza-fox; David Reich

doi:10.1038/nature25738

The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe

Iñigo Olalde, Selina Brace, Morten E. Allentoft, Ian Armit, Kristian Kristiansen, Thomas Booth, Nadin Rohland, Swapan Mallick, Anna Szécsényi-nagy, Alissa Mittnik, Eveline Altena, Mark Lipson, Iosif Lazaridis, Thomas K. Harper, Nick Patterson, Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht, Yoan Diekmann, Zuzana Faltyskova, Daniel Fernandes, Matthew FerryEadaoin Harney, Peter De Knijff, Megan Michel, Jonas Oppenheimer, Kristin Stewardson, Alistair Barclay, Kurt Werner Alt, Corina Liesau, Patricia Ríos, Concepción Blasco, Jorge Vega Miguel, Roberto Menduiña García, Azucena Avilés Fernández, Eszter Bánffy, Maria Bernabò-brea, David Billoin, Clive Bonsall, Laura Bonsall, Tim Allen, Lindsey Büster, Sophie Carver, Laura Castells Navarro, Oliver E. Craig, Gordon T. Cook, Barry Cunliffe, Anthony Denaire, Kirsten Egging Dinwiddy, Natasha Dodwell, Michal Ernée, Christopher Evans, Milan Kuchařík, Joan Francès Farré, Chris Fowler, Michiel Gazenbeek, Rafael Garrido Pena, María Haber-uriarte, Elżbieta Haduch, Gill Hey, Nick Jowett, Timothy Knowles, Ken Massy, Saskia Pfrengle, Philippe Lefranc, Olivier Lemercier, Arnaud Lefebvre, César Heras Martínez, Virginia Galera Olmo, Ana Bastida Ramírez, Joaquín Lomba Maurandi, Tona Majó, Jacqueline I. Mckinley, Kathleen Mcsweeney, Balázs Gusztáv Mende, Alessandra Mod, Gabriella Kulcsár, Viktória Kiss, András Czene, Róbert Patay, Anna Endrődi, Kitti Köhler, Tamás Hajdu, Tamás Szeniczey, János Dani, Zsolt Bernert, Maya Hoole, Olivia Cheronet, Denise Keating, Petr Velemínský, Miroslav Dobeš, Francesca Candilio, Fraser Brown, Raúl Flores Fernández, Ana-mercedes Herrero-corral, Sebastiano Tusa, Emiliano Carnieri, Luigi Lentini, Antonella Valenti, Alessandro Zanini, Clive Waddington, Germán Delibes, Elisa Guerra-doce, Benjamin Neil, Marcus Brittain, Mike Luke, Richard Mortimer, Jocelyne Desideri, Marie Besse, Günter Brücken, Mirosław Furmanek, Agata Hałuszko, Maksym Mackiewicz, Artur Rapiński, Stephany Leach, Ignacio Soriano, Katina T. Lillios, João Luís Cardoso, Michael Parker Pearson, Piotr Włodarczak, T. Douglas Price, Pilar Prieto, Pierre-jérôme Rey, Roberto Risch, Manuel A. Rojo Guerra, Aurore Schmitt, Joël Serralongue, Ana Maria Silva, Václav Smrčka, Luc Vergnaud, João Zilhão, David Caramelli, Thomas Higham, Mark G. Thomas, Douglas J. Kennett, Harry Fokkens, Volker Heyd, Alison Sheridan, Karl-göran Sjögren, Philipp W. Stockhammer, Johannes Krause, Ron Pinhasi, Wolfgang Haak, Ian Barnes, Carles Lalueza-fox, David Reich

203 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

From around 2750 to 2500 bc, Bell Beaker pottery became widespread across western and central Europe, before it disappeared between 2200 and 1800 bc. The forces that propelled its expansion are a matter of long-standing debate, and there is support for both cultural diffusion and migration having a role in this process. Here we present genome-wide data from 400 Neolithic, Copper Age and Bronze Age Europeans, including 226 individuals associated with Beaker-complex artefacts. We detected limited genetic affinity between Beaker-complex-associated individuals from Iberia and central Europe, and thus exclude migration as an important mechanism of spread between these two regions. However, migration had a key role in the further dissemination of the Beaker complex. We document this phenomenon most clearly in Britain, where the spread of the Beaker complex introduced high levels of steppe-related ancestry and was associated with the replacement of approximately 90% of Britain's gene pool within a few hundred years, continuing the east-to-west expansion that had brought steppe-related ancestry into central and northern Europe over the previous centuries.

Original language	English
Journal	Nature
Volume	555
Issue number	7695
Pages (from-to)	190-196
ISSN	0028-0836
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/nature25738
Publication status	Published - 8 Mar 2018

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Olalde, I., Brace, S., Allentoft, M. E., Armit, I., Kristiansen, K., Booth, T., Rohland, N., Mallick, S., Szécsényi-nagy, A., Mittnik, A., Altena, E., Lipson, M., Lazaridis, I., Harper, T. K., Patterson, N., Broomandkhoshbacht, N., Diekmann, Y., Faltyskova, Z., Fernandes, D., ... Reich, D. (2018). The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe. Nature, 555(7695), 190-196. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature25738

Olalde, I, Brace, S, Allentoft, ME, Armit, I, Kristiansen, K, Booth, T, Rohland, N, Mallick, S, Szécsényi-nagy, A, Mittnik, A, Altena, E, Lipson, M, Lazaridis, I, Harper, TK, Patterson, N, Broomandkhoshbacht, N, Diekmann, Y, Faltyskova, Z, Fernandes, D, Ferry, M, Harney, E, De Knijff, P, Michel, M, Oppenheimer, J, Stewardson, K, Barclay, A, Alt, KW, Liesau, C, Ríos, P, Blasco, C, Miguel, JV, García, RM, Fernández, AA, Bánffy, E, Bernabò-brea, M, Billoin, D, Bonsall, C, Bonsall, L, Allen, T, Büster, L, Carver, S, Navarro, LC, Craig, OE, Cook, GT, Cunliffe, B, Denaire, A, Dinwiddy, KE, Dodwell, N, Ernée, M, Evans, C, Kuchařík, M, Farré, JF, Fowler, C, Gazenbeek, M, Pena, RG, Haber-uriarte, M, Haduch, E, Hey, G, Jowett, N, Knowles, T, Massy, K, Pfrengle, S, Lefranc, P, Lemercier, O, Lefebvre, A, Martínez, CH, Olmo, VG, Ramírez, AB, Maurandi, JL, Majó, T, Mckinley, JI, Mcsweeney, K, Mende, BG, Mod, A, Kulcsár, G, Kiss, V, Czene, A, Patay, R, Endrődi, A, Köhler, K, Hajdu, T, Szeniczey, T, Dani, J, Bernert, Z, Hoole, M, Cheronet, O, Keating, D, Velemínský, P, Dobeš, M, Candilio, F, Brown, F, Fernández, RF, Herrero-corral, A, Tusa, S, Carnieri, E, Lentini, L, Valenti, A, Zanini, A, Waddington, C, Delibes, G, Guerra-doce, E, Neil, B, Brittain, M, Luke, M, Mortimer, R, Desideri, J, Besse, M, Brücken, G, Furmanek, M, Hałuszko, A, Mackiewicz, M, Rapiński, A, Leach, S, Soriano, I, Lillios, KT, Cardoso, JL, Pearson, MP, Włodarczak, P, Price, TD, Prieto, P, Rey, P, Risch, R, Rojo Guerra, MA, Schmitt, A, Serralongue, J, Silva, AM, Smrčka, V, Vergnaud, L, Zilhão, J, Caramelli, D, Higham, T, Thomas, MG, Kennett, DJ, Fokkens, H, Heyd, V, Sheridan, A, Sjögren, K, Stockhammer, PW, Krause, J, Pinhasi, R, Haak, W, Barnes, I, Lalueza-fox, C & Reich, D 2018, 'The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe', Nature, vol. 555, no. 7695, pp. 190-196. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature25738

@article{db230de8b82743dca8931c6f7310e84a,

title = "The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe",

abstract = "From around 2750 to 2500 bc, Bell Beaker pottery became widespread across western and central Europe, before it disappeared between 2200 and 1800 bc. The forces that propelled its expansion are a matter of long-standing debate, and there is support for both cultural diffusion and migration having a role in this process. Here we present genome-wide data from 400 Neolithic, Copper Age and Bronze Age Europeans, including 226 individuals associated with Beaker-complex artefacts. We detected limited genetic affinity between Beaker-complex-associated individuals from Iberia and central Europe, and thus exclude migration as an important mechanism of spread between these two regions. However, migration had a key role in the further dissemination of the Beaker complex. We document this phenomenon most clearly in Britain, where the spread of the Beaker complex introduced high levels of steppe-related ancestry and was associated with the replacement of approximately 90% of Britain's gene pool within a few hundred years, continuing the east-to-west expansion that had brought steppe-related ancestry into central and northern Europe over the previous centuries.",

author = "I{\~n}igo Olalde and Selina Brace and Allentoft, {Morten E.} and Ian Armit and Kristian Kristiansen and Thomas Booth and Nadin Rohland and Swapan Mallick and Anna Sz{\'e}cs{\'e}nyi-nagy and Alissa Mittnik and Eveline Altena and Mark Lipson and Iosif Lazaridis and Harper, {Thomas K.} and Nick Patterson and Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht and Yoan Diekmann and Zuzana Faltyskova and Daniel Fernandes and Matthew Ferry and Eadaoin Harney and {De Knijff}, Peter and Megan Michel and Jonas Oppenheimer and Kristin Stewardson and Alistair Barclay and Alt, {Kurt Werner} and Corina Liesau and Patricia R{\'i}os and Concepci{\'o}n Blasco and Miguel, {Jorge Vega} and Garc{\'i}a, {Roberto Mendui{\~n}a} and Fern{\'a}ndez, {Azucena Avil{\'e}s} and Eszter B{\'a}nffy and Maria Bernab{\`o}-brea and David Billoin and Clive Bonsall and Laura Bonsall and Tim Allen and Lindsey B{\"u}ster and Sophie Carver and Navarro, {Laura Castells} and Craig, {Oliver E.} and Cook, {Gordon T.} and Barry Cunliffe and Anthony Denaire and Dinwiddy, {Kirsten Egging} and Natasha Dodwell and Michal Ern{\'e}e and Christopher Evans and Milan Kucha{\v r}{\'i}k and Farr{\'e}, {Joan Franc{\`e}s} and Chris Fowler and Michiel Gazenbeek and Pena, {Rafael Garrido} and Mar{\'i}a Haber-uriarte and El{\.z}bieta Haduch and Gill Hey and Nick Jowett and Timothy Knowles and Ken Massy and Saskia Pfrengle and Philippe Lefranc and Olivier Lemercier and Arnaud Lefebvre and Mart{\'i}nez, {C{\'e}sar Heras} and Olmo, {Virginia Galera} and Ram{\'i}rez, {Ana Bastida} and Maurandi, {Joaqu{\'i}n Lomba} and Tona Maj{\'o} and Mckinley, {Jacqueline I.} and Kathleen Mcsweeney and Mende, {Bal{\'a}zs Guszt{\'a}v} and Alessandra Mod and Gabriella Kulcs{\'a}r and Vikt{\'o}ria Kiss and Andr{\'a}s Czene and R{\'o}bert Patay and Anna Endr{\H o}di and Kitti K{\"o}hler and Tam{\'a}s Hajdu and Tam{\'a}s Szeniczey and J{\'a}nos Dani and Zsolt Bernert and Maya Hoole and Olivia Cheronet and Denise Keating and Petr Velem{\'i}nsk{\'y} and Miroslav Dobe{\v s} and Francesca Candilio and Fraser Brown and Fern{\'a}ndez, {Ra{\'u}l Flores} and Ana-mercedes Herrero-corral and Sebastiano Tusa and Emiliano Carnieri and Luigi Lentini and Antonella Valenti and Alessandro Zanini and Clive Waddington and Germ{\'a}n Delibes and Elisa Guerra-doce and Benjamin Neil and Marcus Brittain and Mike Luke and Richard Mortimer and Jocelyne Desideri and Marie Besse and G{\"u}nter Br{\"u}cken and Miros{\l}aw Furmanek and Agata Ha{\l}uszko and Maksym Mackiewicz and Artur Rapi{\'n}ski and Stephany Leach and Ignacio Soriano and Lillios, {Katina T.} and Cardoso, {Jo{\~a}o Lu{\'i}s} and Pearson, {Michael Parker} and Piotr W{\l}odarczak and Price, {T. Douglas} and Pilar Prieto and Pierre-j{\'e}r{\^o}me Rey and Roberto Risch and {Rojo Guerra}, {Manuel A.} and Aurore Schmitt and Jo{\"e}l Serralongue and Silva, {Ana Maria} and V{\'a}clav Smr{\v c}ka and Luc Vergnaud and Jo{\~a}o Zilh{\~a}o and David Caramelli and Thomas Higham and Thomas, {Mark G.} and Kennett, {Douglas J.} and Harry Fokkens and Volker Heyd and Alison Sheridan and Karl-g{\"o}ran Sj{\"o}gren and Stockhammer, {Philipp W.} and Johannes Krause and Ron Pinhasi and Wolfgang Haak and Ian Barnes and Carles Lalueza-fox and David Reich",

year = "2018",

month = mar,

day = "8",

doi = "10.1038/nature25738",

language = "English",

volume = "555",

pages = "190--196",

journal = "Nature",

issn = "0028-0836",

publisher = "nature publishing group",

number = "7695",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe

AU - Olalde, Iñigo

AU - Brace, Selina

AU - Allentoft, Morten E.

AU - Armit, Ian

AU - Kristiansen, Kristian

AU - Booth, Thomas

AU - Rohland, Nadin

AU - Mallick, Swapan

AU - Szécsényi-nagy, Anna

AU - Mittnik, Alissa

AU - Altena, Eveline

AU - Lipson, Mark

AU - Lazaridis, Iosif

AU - Harper, Thomas K.

AU - Patterson, Nick

AU - Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen

AU - Diekmann, Yoan

AU - Faltyskova, Zuzana

AU - Fernandes, Daniel

AU - Ferry, Matthew

AU - Harney, Eadaoin

AU - De Knijff, Peter

AU - Michel, Megan

AU - Oppenheimer, Jonas

AU - Stewardson, Kristin

AU - Barclay, Alistair

AU - Alt, Kurt Werner

AU - Liesau, Corina

AU - Ríos, Patricia

AU - Blasco, Concepción

AU - Miguel, Jorge Vega

AU - García, Roberto Menduiña

AU - Fernández, Azucena Avilés

AU - Bánffy, Eszter

AU - Bernabò-brea, Maria

AU - Billoin, David

AU - Bonsall, Clive

AU - Bonsall, Laura

AU - Allen, Tim

AU - Büster, Lindsey

AU - Carver, Sophie

AU - Navarro, Laura Castells

AU - Craig, Oliver E.

AU - Cook, Gordon T.

AU - Cunliffe, Barry

AU - Denaire, Anthony

AU - Dinwiddy, Kirsten Egging

AU - Dodwell, Natasha

AU - Ernée, Michal

AU - Evans, Christopher

AU - Kuchařík, Milan

AU - Farré, Joan Francès

AU - Fowler, Chris

AU - Gazenbeek, Michiel

AU - Pena, Rafael Garrido

AU - Haber-uriarte, María

AU - Haduch, Elżbieta

AU - Hey, Gill

AU - Jowett, Nick

AU - Knowles, Timothy

AU - Massy, Ken

AU - Pfrengle, Saskia

AU - Lefranc, Philippe

AU - Lemercier, Olivier

AU - Lefebvre, Arnaud

AU - Martínez, César Heras

AU - Olmo, Virginia Galera

AU - Ramírez, Ana Bastida

AU - Maurandi, Joaquín Lomba

AU - Majó, Tona

AU - Mckinley, Jacqueline I.

AU - Mcsweeney, Kathleen

AU - Mende, Balázs Gusztáv

AU - Mod, Alessandra

AU - Kulcsár, Gabriella

AU - Kiss, Viktória

AU - Czene, András

AU - Patay, Róbert

AU - Endrődi, Anna

AU - Köhler, Kitti

AU - Hajdu, Tamás

AU - Szeniczey, Tamás

AU - Dani, János

AU - Bernert, Zsolt

AU - Hoole, Maya

AU - Cheronet, Olivia

AU - Keating, Denise

AU - Velemínský, Petr

AU - Dobeš, Miroslav

AU - Candilio, Francesca

AU - Brown, Fraser

AU - Fernández, Raúl Flores

AU - Herrero-corral, Ana-mercedes

AU - Tusa, Sebastiano

AU - Carnieri, Emiliano

AU - Lentini, Luigi

AU - Valenti, Antonella

AU - Zanini, Alessandro

AU - Waddington, Clive

AU - Delibes, Germán

AU - Guerra-doce, Elisa

AU - Neil, Benjamin

AU - Brittain, Marcus

AU - Luke, Mike

AU - Mortimer, Richard

AU - Desideri, Jocelyne

AU - Besse, Marie

AU - Brücken, Günter

AU - Furmanek, Mirosław

AU - Hałuszko, Agata

AU - Mackiewicz, Maksym

AU - Rapiński, Artur

AU - Leach, Stephany

AU - Soriano, Ignacio

AU - Lillios, Katina T.

AU - Cardoso, João Luís

AU - Pearson, Michael Parker

AU - Włodarczak, Piotr

AU - Price, T. Douglas

AU - Prieto, Pilar

AU - Rey, Pierre-jérôme

AU - Risch, Roberto

AU - Rojo Guerra, Manuel A.

AU - Schmitt, Aurore

AU - Serralongue, Joël

AU - Silva, Ana Maria

AU - Smrčka, Václav

AU - Vergnaud, Luc

AU - Zilhão, João

AU - Caramelli, David

AU - Higham, Thomas

AU - Thomas, Mark G.

AU - Kennett, Douglas J.

AU - Fokkens, Harry

AU - Heyd, Volker

AU - Sheridan, Alison

AU - Sjögren, Karl-göran

AU - Stockhammer, Philipp W.

AU - Krause, Johannes

AU - Pinhasi, Ron

AU - Haak, Wolfgang

AU - Barnes, Ian

AU - Lalueza-fox, Carles

AU - Reich, David

PY - 2018/3/8

Y1 - 2018/3/8

N2 - From around 2750 to 2500 bc, Bell Beaker pottery became widespread across western and central Europe, before it disappeared between 2200 and 1800 bc. The forces that propelled its expansion are a matter of long-standing debate, and there is support for both cultural diffusion and migration having a role in this process. Here we present genome-wide data from 400 Neolithic, Copper Age and Bronze Age Europeans, including 226 individuals associated with Beaker-complex artefacts. We detected limited genetic affinity between Beaker-complex-associated individuals from Iberia and central Europe, and thus exclude migration as an important mechanism of spread between these two regions. However, migration had a key role in the further dissemination of the Beaker complex. We document this phenomenon most clearly in Britain, where the spread of the Beaker complex introduced high levels of steppe-related ancestry and was associated with the replacement of approximately 90% of Britain's gene pool within a few hundred years, continuing the east-to-west expansion that had brought steppe-related ancestry into central and northern Europe over the previous centuries.

AB - From around 2750 to 2500 bc, Bell Beaker pottery became widespread across western and central Europe, before it disappeared between 2200 and 1800 bc. The forces that propelled its expansion are a matter of long-standing debate, and there is support for both cultural diffusion and migration having a role in this process. Here we present genome-wide data from 400 Neolithic, Copper Age and Bronze Age Europeans, including 226 individuals associated with Beaker-complex artefacts. We detected limited genetic affinity between Beaker-complex-associated individuals from Iberia and central Europe, and thus exclude migration as an important mechanism of spread between these two regions. However, migration had a key role in the further dissemination of the Beaker complex. We document this phenomenon most clearly in Britain, where the spread of the Beaker complex introduced high levels of steppe-related ancestry and was associated with the replacement of approximately 90% of Britain's gene pool within a few hundred years, continuing the east-to-west expansion that had brought steppe-related ancestry into central and northern Europe over the previous centuries.

U2 - 10.1038/nature25738

DO - 10.1038/nature25738

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 29466337

SN - 0028-0836

VL - 555

SP - 190

EP - 196

JO - Nature

JF - Nature

IS - 7695

ER -

The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe

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