Surgical embolectomy compared to thrombolysis in acute pulmonary embolism: Morbidity and mortality

TY - JOUR

T1 - Surgical embolectomy compared to thrombolysis in acute pulmonary embolism

T2 - Morbidity and mortality

AU - Lehnert, Per

AU - Møller, Christian H.

AU - Mortensen, Jann

AU - Kjaergaard, Jesper

AU - Skov Olsen, Peter

AU - Carlsen, Jørn

PY - 2017

Y1 - 2017

N2 - OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term outcome after acute high- and intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism (PE) treated with surgical embolectomy or thrombolysis. METHODS: Prospective follow-up including assessment of 30-day and 5-year mortality. Clinical evaluation including ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy by single-photon emission computed tomography in combination with X-ray computed tomography, measurement of pulmonary diffusion impairment, spirometry and echocardiography. RESULTS: A total of 136 patients (64 with high-risk and 72 with intermediate-risk PE) were included, 80 participated in the clinical followup, 16 were alive but declined follow-up and 40 were deceased. For high-risk PE patients the median time to clinical follow-up was 31 months [8-133]. No significant difference was observed in 30-day (Plog-rank = 0.16) or 5-year (Plog-rank = 0.53) mortality between patients treated with surgical embolectomy or thrombolysis. Ventilation/perfusion mismatch identified residual emboli in 4 patients (31%) treated with surgical embolectomy compared to 16 (76%) treated with thrombolysis (P = 0.009). Pulmonary diffusion impairment was identified in 4 patients (31%) treated with surgical embolectomy in comparison to 15 (71%) treated with thrombolysis (P=0.02). In intermediate-risk PE patients, no significant difference in mortality (Plog-rank = 0.51 and 0.86), diffusion impairment or ventilation/perfusion mismatch was found between patients treated with surgical embolectomy or thrombolysis. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical embolectomy for acute high-risk PE has similar mortality, but better outcome on pulmonary end-points when compared to thrombolysis. Patients with high-risk PE could benefit from being referred to a centre with both specialized cardiology and cardiothoracic surgery for interdisciplinary evaluation of optimal treatment strategy.

AB - OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term outcome after acute high- and intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism (PE) treated with surgical embolectomy or thrombolysis. METHODS: Prospective follow-up including assessment of 30-day and 5-year mortality. Clinical evaluation including ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy by single-photon emission computed tomography in combination with X-ray computed tomography, measurement of pulmonary diffusion impairment, spirometry and echocardiography. RESULTS: A total of 136 patients (64 with high-risk and 72 with intermediate-risk PE) were included, 80 participated in the clinical followup, 16 were alive but declined follow-up and 40 were deceased. For high-risk PE patients the median time to clinical follow-up was 31 months [8-133]. No significant difference was observed in 30-day (Plog-rank = 0.16) or 5-year (Plog-rank = 0.53) mortality between patients treated with surgical embolectomy or thrombolysis. Ventilation/perfusion mismatch identified residual emboli in 4 patients (31%) treated with surgical embolectomy compared to 16 (76%) treated with thrombolysis (P = 0.009). Pulmonary diffusion impairment was identified in 4 patients (31%) treated with surgical embolectomy in comparison to 15 (71%) treated with thrombolysis (P=0.02). In intermediate-risk PE patients, no significant difference in mortality (Plog-rank = 0.51 and 0.86), diffusion impairment or ventilation/perfusion mismatch was found between patients treated with surgical embolectomy or thrombolysis. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical embolectomy for acute high-risk PE has similar mortality, but better outcome on pulmonary end-points when compared to thrombolysis. Patients with high-risk PE could benefit from being referred to a centre with both specialized cardiology and cardiothoracic surgery for interdisciplinary evaluation of optimal treatment strategy.

KW - Embolectomy

KW - Embolism

KW - Morbidity

KW - Mortality

KW - Pulmonary

KW - Thrombolysis

U2 - 10.1093/ejcts/ezw297

DO - 10.1093/ejcts/ezw297

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 28186234

AN - SCOPUS:85016048986

SN - 1010-7940

VL - 51

SP - 354

EP - 361

JO - European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery

JF - European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery

IS - 2

ER -