¹⁸⁶Os and ¹⁸⁷Os enrichments and high-³He/⁴He sources in the Earth's mantle: evidence from Icelandic picrites.

TY - JOUR

T1 - 186Os and 187Os enrichments and high-3He/4He sources in the Earth's mantle

T2 - evidence from Icelandic picrites.

AU - Brandon, A.D.

AU - Graham, D.W.

AU - Waight, Tod Earle

AU - Gautason, B.

PY - 2007

Y1 - 2007

N2 - Picrites from the neovolcanic zones in Iceland display a range in 187Os/188Os from 0.1297 to 0.1381 (¿Os = + 2.1 to +8.7) and uniform 186Os/188Os of 0.1198375 ± 32 (2r). The value for 186Os/188Os is within uncertainty of the present-day value for the primitive upper mantle of 0.1198398 ± 16. These Os isotope systematics are best explained by ancient recycled crust or melt enrichment in the mantle source region. If so, then the coupled enrichments displayed in 186Os/188Os and 187Os/188Os from lavas of other plume systems must result from an independent process, the most viable candidate at present remains core-mantle interaction. While some plumes with high 3He/4He, such as Hawaii, appear to have been subjected to detectable addition of Os (and possibly He) from the outer core, others such as Iceland do not. A positive correlation between 187Os/188Os and 3He/4He from 9.6 to 19 Ra in Iceland picrites is best modeled as mixtures of 1 Ga or older ancient recycled crust mixed with primitive mantle or incompletely degassed depleted mantle isolated since 1-1.5 Ga, which preserves the high 3He/4He of the depleted mantle at the time. These mixtures create a hybrid source region that subsequently mixes with the present-day convecting MORB mantle during ascent and melting. This multistage mixing scenario requires convective isolation in the deep mantle for hundreds of million years or more to maintain these compositionally distinct hybrid sources. The 3He/4He of lavas derived from the Iceland plume changed over time, from a maximum of 50 Ra at 60 Ma, to approximately 25-27 Ra at present. The changes are coupled with distinct compositional gaps between the different aged lavas when3He/4He is plotted versus various geochemical parameters such as 143Nd/144Nd and La/Sm. These relationships can be interpreted as an increase in the proportion of ancient recycled crust in the upwelling plume over this time period. The positive correlation between 187Os/188Os and 3He/4He demonstrates that the Iceland lava He isotopic compositions do not result from simple melt depletion histories and consequent removal of U and Th in their mantle sources. Instead their He isotopic compositions reflect mixtures of heterogeneous materials formed at different times with different U and Th concentrations. This hybridization is likely prevalent in all ocean island lavas derived from deep mantle sources.

AB - Picrites from the neovolcanic zones in Iceland display a range in 187Os/188Os from 0.1297 to 0.1381 (¿Os = + 2.1 to +8.7) and uniform 186Os/188Os of 0.1198375 ± 32 (2r). The value for 186Os/188Os is within uncertainty of the present-day value for the primitive upper mantle of 0.1198398 ± 16. These Os isotope systematics are best explained by ancient recycled crust or melt enrichment in the mantle source region. If so, then the coupled enrichments displayed in 186Os/188Os and 187Os/188Os from lavas of other plume systems must result from an independent process, the most viable candidate at present remains core-mantle interaction. While some plumes with high 3He/4He, such as Hawaii, appear to have been subjected to detectable addition of Os (and possibly He) from the outer core, others such as Iceland do not. A positive correlation between 187Os/188Os and 3He/4He from 9.6 to 19 Ra in Iceland picrites is best modeled as mixtures of 1 Ga or older ancient recycled crust mixed with primitive mantle or incompletely degassed depleted mantle isolated since 1-1.5 Ga, which preserves the high 3He/4He of the depleted mantle at the time. These mixtures create a hybrid source region that subsequently mixes with the present-day convecting MORB mantle during ascent and melting. This multistage mixing scenario requires convective isolation in the deep mantle for hundreds of million years or more to maintain these compositionally distinct hybrid sources. The 3He/4He of lavas derived from the Iceland plume changed over time, from a maximum of 50 Ra at 60 Ma, to approximately 25-27 Ra at present. The changes are coupled with distinct compositional gaps between the different aged lavas when3He/4He is plotted versus various geochemical parameters such as 143Nd/144Nd and La/Sm. These relationships can be interpreted as an increase in the proportion of ancient recycled crust in the upwelling plume over this time period. The positive correlation between 187Os/188Os and 3He/4He demonstrates that the Iceland lava He isotopic compositions do not result from simple melt depletion histories and consequent removal of U and Th in their mantle sources. Instead their He isotopic compositions reflect mixtures of heterogeneous materials formed at different times with different U and Th concentrations. This hybridization is likely prevalent in all ocean island lavas derived from deep mantle sources.

KW - Faculty of Science

KW - Island

KW - Iceland

KW - He isotopes

KW - Os isotopes

KW - mantle plume

U2 - 10.1016/j.gca.2007.07.015

DO - 10.1016/j.gca.2007.07.015

M3 - Journal article

SN - 0016-7037

VL - 71

SP - 4570

EP - 4591

JO - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

JF - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

IS - 18

ER -