TY - JOUR
T1 - Studying the propensity of compounds to supersaturate
T2 - a practical and broadly applicable approach
AU - Palmelund, Henrik
AU - Madsen, Cecilie Maria
AU - Christensen, Jakob Plum
AU - Müllertz, Anette
AU - Rades, Thomas
N1 - Copyright © 2016 American Pharmacists Association®. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
PY - 2016/10/1
Y1 - 2016/10/1
N2 - Supersaturating drug delivery systems can enhance the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drug compounds. Supersaturation of such compounds has been studied in many different ways; however, a more standardized method is required. The rationale of choosing suitable concentrations of supersaturation to study has previously been very inconsistent. This makes comparisons between studies and compounds difficult, as the propensity of compounds to supersaturate varies greatly. This study presents a standardized method to study the supersaturation of drug compounds. The method allows, both, for a ranking of compounds according to their supersaturation propensity and the effectiveness of precipitation inhibitors. The time-concentration profile of supersaturation and precipitation was studied in situ for 4 different concentrations for 6 model compounds (albendazole, aprepitant, danazol, felodipine, fenofibrate, and tadalafil) in the μDISS Profiler™ in fasted-state simulated intestinal fluid. A relation between the induction time of nucleation and the initial supersaturated concentration could be established based on classical nucleation theory. The model compounds had different propensities to upersaturate. The data show that a single degree of supersaturation or concentration would not have described the different systems adequately. The method could be used in early preformulation for characterization of supersaturation propensity of novel compounds or precipitation inhibitor effects.
AB - Supersaturating drug delivery systems can enhance the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drug compounds. Supersaturation of such compounds has been studied in many different ways; however, a more standardized method is required. The rationale of choosing suitable concentrations of supersaturation to study has previously been very inconsistent. This makes comparisons between studies and compounds difficult, as the propensity of compounds to supersaturate varies greatly. This study presents a standardized method to study the supersaturation of drug compounds. The method allows, both, for a ranking of compounds according to their supersaturation propensity and the effectiveness of precipitation inhibitors. The time-concentration profile of supersaturation and precipitation was studied in situ for 4 different concentrations for 6 model compounds (albendazole, aprepitant, danazol, felodipine, fenofibrate, and tadalafil) in the μDISS Profiler™ in fasted-state simulated intestinal fluid. A relation between the induction time of nucleation and the initial supersaturated concentration could be established based on classical nucleation theory. The model compounds had different propensities to upersaturate. The data show that a single degree of supersaturation or concentration would not have described the different systems adequately. The method could be used in early preformulation for characterization of supersaturation propensity of novel compounds or precipitation inhibitor effects.
KW - Journal Article
U2 - 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.06.016
DO - 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.06.016
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 27488902
SN - 0022-3549
VL - 105
SP - 3021
EP - 3029
JO - Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
JF - Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
IS - 10
ER -