Structural and chemical changes of thermally treated bone apatite

Susan Essien Etok; Eugenia Valsami-Jones; Timothy J. Wess; Jennifer C. Hiller; Clark A. Maxwell; Keith D. Rogers; David A.C. Manning; Margaret L. White; Elisa Lopez-Capel; Matthew J. Collins; Mike Buckley; Kirsty E.H. Penkman; Stephen L. Woodgate

doi:10.1007/s10853-007-1993-z

Structural and chemical changes of thermally treated bone apatite

Susan Essien Etok, Eugenia Valsami-Jones^*, Timothy J. Wess, Jennifer C. Hiller, Clark A. Maxwell, Keith D. Rogers, David A.C. Manning, Margaret L. White, Elisa Lopez-Capel, Matthew J. Collins, Mike Buckley, Kirsty E.H. Penkman, Stephen L. Woodgate

^*Corresponding author for this work

89 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The thermal behaviour of the animal by-product meat and bone meal (MBM) has been investigated in order to assess how it is affected structurally and chemically by incineration. Initially composed of intergrown collagen and hydroxyapatite (HAP), combustion of the organic component is complete by 650 °C, with most mass loss (50-55%) occurring by 500 °C. No original proteins were detected in samples heated at 400 °C or above. Combustion of collagen is accompanied by an increase in HAP mean crystallite size at temperatures greater than 400 °C, from 10 nm to a constant value of 120 nm at 800 °C or more. Newly formed crystalline phases appear beyond 400 °C, and include β-tricalcium phosphate, NaCaPO₄, halite (NaCl) and sylvite (KCl). Crystallite thickness as judged by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) increases from 2 nm (25-400 °C) to 8-9 nm very rapidly at 550 °C, and then gradually increases to approximately 10 nm. The original texture of HAP within a collagen matrix is progressively lost, producing a porous HAP dominated solid at 700 °C, and a very low porosity sintered HAP product at 900 °C.

Original language	English
Journal	Journal of Materials Science
Volume	42
Issue number	23
Pages (from-to)	9807-9816
Number of pages	10
ISSN	0022-2461
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-007-1993-z
Publication status	Published - 1 Dec 2007

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Etok, S. E., Valsami-Jones, E., Wess, T. J., Hiller, J. C., Maxwell, C. A., Rogers, K. D., Manning, D. A. C., White, M. L., Lopez-Capel, E., Collins, M. J., Buckley, M., Penkman, K. E. H., & Woodgate, S. L. (2007). Structural and chemical changes of thermally treated bone apatite. Journal of Materials Science, 42(23), 9807-9816. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-007-1993-z

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abstract = "The thermal behaviour of the animal by-product meat and bone meal (MBM) has been investigated in order to assess how it is affected structurally and chemically by incineration. Initially composed of intergrown collagen and hydroxyapatite (HAP), combustion of the organic component is complete by 650 °C, with most mass loss (50-55%) occurring by 500 °C. No original proteins were detected in samples heated at 400 °C or above. Combustion of collagen is accompanied by an increase in HAP mean crystallite size at temperatures greater than 400 °C, from 10 nm to a constant value of 120 nm at 800 °C or more. Newly formed crystalline phases appear beyond 400 °C, and include β-tricalcium phosphate, NaCaPO4, halite (NaCl) and sylvite (KCl). Crystallite thickness as judged by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) increases from 2 nm (25-400 °C) to 8-9 nm very rapidly at 550 °C, and then gradually increases to approximately 10 nm. The original texture of HAP within a collagen matrix is progressively lost, producing a porous HAP dominated solid at 700 °C, and a very low porosity sintered HAP product at 900 °C.",

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AU - Rogers, Keith D.

AU - Manning, David A.C.

AU - White, Margaret L.

AU - Lopez-Capel, Elisa

AU - Collins, Matthew J.

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AU - Penkman, Kirsty E.H.

AU - Woodgate, Stephen L.

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N2 - The thermal behaviour of the animal by-product meat and bone meal (MBM) has been investigated in order to assess how it is affected structurally and chemically by incineration. Initially composed of intergrown collagen and hydroxyapatite (HAP), combustion of the organic component is complete by 650 °C, with most mass loss (50-55%) occurring by 500 °C. No original proteins were detected in samples heated at 400 °C or above. Combustion of collagen is accompanied by an increase in HAP mean crystallite size at temperatures greater than 400 °C, from 10 nm to a constant value of 120 nm at 800 °C or more. Newly formed crystalline phases appear beyond 400 °C, and include β-tricalcium phosphate, NaCaPO4, halite (NaCl) and sylvite (KCl). Crystallite thickness as judged by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) increases from 2 nm (25-400 °C) to 8-9 nm very rapidly at 550 °C, and then gradually increases to approximately 10 nm. The original texture of HAP within a collagen matrix is progressively lost, producing a porous HAP dominated solid at 700 °C, and a very low porosity sintered HAP product at 900 °C.

AB - The thermal behaviour of the animal by-product meat and bone meal (MBM) has been investigated in order to assess how it is affected structurally and chemically by incineration. Initially composed of intergrown collagen and hydroxyapatite (HAP), combustion of the organic component is complete by 650 °C, with most mass loss (50-55%) occurring by 500 °C. No original proteins were detected in samples heated at 400 °C or above. Combustion of collagen is accompanied by an increase in HAP mean crystallite size at temperatures greater than 400 °C, from 10 nm to a constant value of 120 nm at 800 °C or more. Newly formed crystalline phases appear beyond 400 °C, and include β-tricalcium phosphate, NaCaPO4, halite (NaCl) and sylvite (KCl). Crystallite thickness as judged by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) increases from 2 nm (25-400 °C) to 8-9 nm very rapidly at 550 °C, and then gradually increases to approximately 10 nm. The original texture of HAP within a collagen matrix is progressively lost, producing a porous HAP dominated solid at 700 °C, and a very low porosity sintered HAP product at 900 °C.

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Structural and chemical changes of thermally treated bone apatite

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