Spatial distribution of erosion and deposition during a glacier surge: Brúarjökull, Iceland

Niels Jákup Korsgaard; Anders Schomacker; Ívar Örn Benediktsson; Nicolaj K. Larsen; Ólafur Ingólfsson; Kurt H. Kjær

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.09.010

Spatial distribution of erosion and deposition during a glacier surge: Brúarjökull, Iceland

Niels Jákup Korsgaard, Anders Schomacker, Ívar Örn Benediktsson, Nicolaj K. Larsen, Ólafur Ingólfsson, Kurt H. Kjær

9 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Time-series of digital elevation models (DEMs) of the forefield of the Brúarjökull surge-type glacier in Iceland were used to quantify the volume of material that was mobilized by the 1963-1964 surge. The DEMs were produced by stereophotogrammetry on aerial photographs from before the surge (1961) and after (1988 and 2003). The analysis was performed on two DEMs of Difference (DoDs), i.e., a 1961-2003 DoD documenting the impact of the surge and a 1988-2003 DoD documenting the post-surge modification of the juvenile surging glacier landsystem. Combined with a digital geomorphological map, the DoDs allow us to quantify the impact of the surge on a landsystem scale down to individual landforms. A total of 34.2±11.3×10⁶m³ of material was mobilized in the 30.7-km² study area as a result of the most recent surge event. Of these, 17.4±6.6×10⁶m³ of the material were eroded and 16.8±4.7×10⁶m³ were deposited. More than half of the deposited volume was ice-cored landforms. This study demonstrates that although the total mobilized mass volume is high, the net volume gain of ice and sediment deposited as landforms in the forefield caused by the surge is low. Furthermore, deposition of new dead-ice from the 1963-1964 surge constitutes as much as 64% of the volume gain in the forefield. The 1988-2003 DoD is used to quantify the melt-out of this dead-ice and other paraglacial modification of the recently deglaciated forefield of Brúarjökull.

Original language	English
Journal	Geomorphology
Volume	250
Pages (from-to)	258-270
Number of pages	13
ISSN	0169-555X
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.09.010
Publication status	Published - 1 Dec 2015

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@article{a79748b9fc3c4a55b80e1073aa7bd174,

title = "Spatial distribution of erosion and deposition during a glacier surge: Br{\'u}arj{\"o}kull, Iceland",

abstract = "Time-series of digital elevation models (DEMs) of the forefield of the Br{\'u}arj{\"o}kull surge-type glacier in Iceland were used to quantify the volume of material that was mobilized by the 1963-1964 surge. The DEMs were produced by stereophotogrammetry on aerial photographs from before the surge (1961) and after (1988 and 2003). The analysis was performed on two DEMs of Difference (DoDs), i.e., a 1961-2003 DoD documenting the impact of the surge and a 1988-2003 DoD documenting the post-surge modification of the juvenile surging glacier landsystem. Combined with a digital geomorphological map, the DoDs allow us to quantify the impact of the surge on a landsystem scale down to individual landforms. A total of 34.2±11.3×106m3 of material was mobilized in the 30.7-km2 study area as a result of the most recent surge event. Of these, 17.4±6.6×106m3 of the material were eroded and 16.8±4.7×106m3 were deposited. More than half of the deposited volume was ice-cored landforms. This study demonstrates that although the total mobilized mass volume is high, the net volume gain of ice and sediment deposited as landforms in the forefield caused by the surge is low. Furthermore, deposition of new dead-ice from the 1963-1964 surge constitutes as much as 64% of the volume gain in the forefield. The 1988-2003 DoD is used to quantify the melt-out of this dead-ice and other paraglacial modification of the recently deglaciated forefield of Br{\'u}arj{\"o}kull.",

author = "Korsgaard, {Niels J{\'a}kup} and Anders Schomacker and Benediktsson, {{\'I}var {\"O}rn} and Larsen, {Nicolaj K.} and {\'O}lafur Ing{\'o}lfsson and Kj{\ae}r, {Kurt H.}",

year = "2015",

month = dec,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.09.010",

language = "English",

volume = "250",

pages = "258--270",

journal = "Geomorphology",

issn = "0169-555X",

publisher = "Elsevier",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Spatial distribution of erosion and deposition during a glacier surge

T2 - Brúarjökull, Iceland

AU - Korsgaard, Niels Jákup

AU - Schomacker, Anders

AU - Benediktsson, Ívar Örn

AU - Larsen, Nicolaj K.

AU - Ingólfsson, Ólafur

AU - Kjær, Kurt H.

PY - 2015/12/1

Y1 - 2015/12/1

N2 - Time-series of digital elevation models (DEMs) of the forefield of the Brúarjökull surge-type glacier in Iceland were used to quantify the volume of material that was mobilized by the 1963-1964 surge. The DEMs were produced by stereophotogrammetry on aerial photographs from before the surge (1961) and after (1988 and 2003). The analysis was performed on two DEMs of Difference (DoDs), i.e., a 1961-2003 DoD documenting the impact of the surge and a 1988-2003 DoD documenting the post-surge modification of the juvenile surging glacier landsystem. Combined with a digital geomorphological map, the DoDs allow us to quantify the impact of the surge on a landsystem scale down to individual landforms. A total of 34.2±11.3×106m3 of material was mobilized in the 30.7-km2 study area as a result of the most recent surge event. Of these, 17.4±6.6×106m3 of the material were eroded and 16.8±4.7×106m3 were deposited. More than half of the deposited volume was ice-cored landforms. This study demonstrates that although the total mobilized mass volume is high, the net volume gain of ice and sediment deposited as landforms in the forefield caused by the surge is low. Furthermore, deposition of new dead-ice from the 1963-1964 surge constitutes as much as 64% of the volume gain in the forefield. The 1988-2003 DoD is used to quantify the melt-out of this dead-ice and other paraglacial modification of the recently deglaciated forefield of Brúarjökull.

AB - Time-series of digital elevation models (DEMs) of the forefield of the Brúarjökull surge-type glacier in Iceland were used to quantify the volume of material that was mobilized by the 1963-1964 surge. The DEMs were produced by stereophotogrammetry on aerial photographs from before the surge (1961) and after (1988 and 2003). The analysis was performed on two DEMs of Difference (DoDs), i.e., a 1961-2003 DoD documenting the impact of the surge and a 1988-2003 DoD documenting the post-surge modification of the juvenile surging glacier landsystem. Combined with a digital geomorphological map, the DoDs allow us to quantify the impact of the surge on a landsystem scale down to individual landforms. A total of 34.2±11.3×106m3 of material was mobilized in the 30.7-km2 study area as a result of the most recent surge event. Of these, 17.4±6.6×106m3 of the material were eroded and 16.8±4.7×106m3 were deposited. More than half of the deposited volume was ice-cored landforms. This study demonstrates that although the total mobilized mass volume is high, the net volume gain of ice and sediment deposited as landforms in the forefield caused by the surge is low. Furthermore, deposition of new dead-ice from the 1963-1964 surge constitutes as much as 64% of the volume gain in the forefield. The 1988-2003 DoD is used to quantify the melt-out of this dead-ice and other paraglacial modification of the recently deglaciated forefield of Brúarjökull.

U2 - 10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.09.010

DO - 10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.09.010

M3 - Journal article

SN - 0169-555X

VL - 250

SP - 258

EP - 270

JO - Geomorphology

JF - Geomorphology

ER -

Spatial distribution of erosion and deposition during a glacier surge: Brúarjökull, Iceland

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