Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, C-reactive protein and triglyceride are associated with heart rate variability in non-diabetic Danes

Theodoros Intzilakis; Gro Hartmann; Mette R Mouridsen; Jesper Eugen-Olsen; Preman Kumarathurai; Sten Madsbad; Thomas P Almdal; Steen B Haugaard; Ahmed Sajadieh

doi:10.1111/eci.12070

Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, C-reactive protein and triglyceride are associated with heart rate variability in non-diabetic Danes

Theodoros Intzilakis, Gro Hartmann, Mette R Mouridsen, Jesper Eugen-Olsen, Preman Kumarathurai, Sten Madsbad, Thomas P Almdal, Steen B Haugaard, Ahmed Sajadieh

8 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Background: Heart rate variability (HRV) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. HRV is in part a function of the activity of the autonomic nervous system and has been associated with low-grade inflammation. In patients with type 2 diabetes, HRV is decreased and is a predictor of poor outcome. As HRV and its determinants in non-diabetic individuals have not been studied properly, the aim of this observational study was to evaluate possible associations between HRV vs. impaired fasting glucose, insulin resistance, lipidaemia and markers of inflammation and immune activation in these individuals. Materials and methods: Healthy individuals (n = 596, 55-75 years) from the community were evaluated with ambulant 48-h continuous electrocardiogram monitoring and fasting markers of lipidaemia, inflammation and immune activation, respectively. Insulin resistance was estimated by HOMA-IR. Time domain components of HRV were calculated. Results: Heart rate and HRV were not associated with glucose metabolic parameters but were inversely associated with soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), high-sensitive CRP and leucocyte number (P < 0·001), respectively. Both 24-h and night-time HRV were inversely associated with plasma triglyceride, whereas HDL, LDL and total cholesterol were not. A model including suPAR, CRP, gender, triglyceride, age, systolic blood pressure, physical activity and smoking status explained 12·2% (P < 0·0001) of the 24-h HRV and 7·3% (P < 0·0001) of the night-time HRV. The single strongest factor to explain 24-h and night-time HRV appeared to be suPAR (P = 0·001 and P = 0·0067, respectively). Conclusion: A low HRV is not related to prediabetes, that is, insulin resistance and impaired fasting glucose, but is related to the immune and inflammatory markers suPAR and CRP and plasma triglyceride.

Original language	English
Journal	European Journal of Clinical Investigation
Volume	43
Issue number	5
Pages (from-to)	457-468
Number of pages	12
ISSN	0014-2972
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1111/eci.12070
Publication status	Published - May 2013

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10.1111/eci.12070

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Intzilakis, T., Hartmann, G., Mouridsen, M. R., Eugen-Olsen, J., Kumarathurai, P., Madsbad, S., Almdal, T. P., Haugaard, S. B., & Sajadieh, A. (2013). Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, C-reactive protein and triglyceride are associated with heart rate variability in non-diabetic Danes. European Journal of Clinical Investigation, 43(5), 457-468. https://doi.org/10.1111/eci.12070

Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, C-reactive protein and triglyceride are associated with heart rate variability in non-diabetic Danes. / Intzilakis, Theodoros; Hartmann, Gro; Mouridsen, Mette R et al.
In: European Journal of Clinical Investigation, Vol. 43, No. 5, 05.2013, p. 457-468.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

Intzilakis, T, Hartmann, G, Mouridsen, MR, Eugen-Olsen, J, Kumarathurai, P, Madsbad, S , Almdal, TP , Haugaard, SB & Sajadieh, A 2013, 'Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, C-reactive protein and triglyceride are associated with heart rate variability in non-diabetic Danes', European Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol. 43, no. 5, pp. 457-468. https://doi.org/10.1111/eci.12070

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title = "Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, C-reactive protein and triglyceride are associated with heart rate variability in non-diabetic Danes",

abstract = "Background: Heart rate variability (HRV) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. HRV is in part a function of the activity of the autonomic nervous system and has been associated with low-grade inflammation. In patients with type 2 diabetes, HRV is decreased and is a predictor of poor outcome. As HRV and its determinants in non-diabetic individuals have not been studied properly, the aim of this observational study was to evaluate possible associations between HRV vs. impaired fasting glucose, insulin resistance, lipidaemia and markers of inflammation and immune activation in these individuals. Materials and methods: Healthy individuals (n = 596, 55-75 years) from the community were evaluated with ambulant 48-h continuous electrocardiogram monitoring and fasting markers of lipidaemia, inflammation and immune activation, respectively. Insulin resistance was estimated by HOMA-IR. Time domain components of HRV were calculated. Results: Heart rate and HRV were not associated with glucose metabolic parameters but were inversely associated with soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), high-sensitive CRP and leucocyte number (P < 0·001), respectively. Both 24-h and night-time HRV were inversely associated with plasma triglyceride, whereas HDL, LDL and total cholesterol were not. A model including suPAR, CRP, gender, triglyceride, age, systolic blood pressure, physical activity and smoking status explained 12·2% (P < 0·0001) of the 24-h HRV and 7·3% (P < 0·0001) of the night-time HRV. The single strongest factor to explain 24-h and night-time HRV appeared to be suPAR (P = 0·001 and P = 0·0067, respectively). Conclusion: A low HRV is not related to prediabetes, that is, insulin resistance and impaired fasting glucose, but is related to the immune and inflammatory markers suPAR and CRP and plasma triglyceride.",

author = "Theodoros Intzilakis and Gro Hartmann and Mouridsen, {Mette R} and Jesper Eugen-Olsen and Preman Kumarathurai and Sten Madsbad and Almdal, {Thomas P} and Haugaard, {Steen B} and Ahmed Sajadieh",

year = "2013",

month = may,

doi = "10.1111/eci.12070",

language = "English",

volume = "43",

pages = "457--468",

journal = "European Journal of Clinical Investigation",

issn = "0014-2972",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, C-reactive protein and triglyceride are associated with heart rate variability in non-diabetic Danes

AU - Intzilakis, Theodoros

AU - Hartmann, Gro

AU - Mouridsen, Mette R

AU - Eugen-Olsen, Jesper

AU - Kumarathurai, Preman

AU - Madsbad, Sten

AU - Almdal, Thomas P

AU - Haugaard, Steen B

AU - Sajadieh, Ahmed

PY - 2013/5

Y1 - 2013/5

N2 - Background: Heart rate variability (HRV) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. HRV is in part a function of the activity of the autonomic nervous system and has been associated with low-grade inflammation. In patients with type 2 diabetes, HRV is decreased and is a predictor of poor outcome. As HRV and its determinants in non-diabetic individuals have not been studied properly, the aim of this observational study was to evaluate possible associations between HRV vs. impaired fasting glucose, insulin resistance, lipidaemia and markers of inflammation and immune activation in these individuals. Materials and methods: Healthy individuals (n = 596, 55-75 years) from the community were evaluated with ambulant 48-h continuous electrocardiogram monitoring and fasting markers of lipidaemia, inflammation and immune activation, respectively. Insulin resistance was estimated by HOMA-IR. Time domain components of HRV were calculated. Results: Heart rate and HRV were not associated with glucose metabolic parameters but were inversely associated with soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), high-sensitive CRP and leucocyte number (P < 0·001), respectively. Both 24-h and night-time HRV were inversely associated with plasma triglyceride, whereas HDL, LDL and total cholesterol were not. A model including suPAR, CRP, gender, triglyceride, age, systolic blood pressure, physical activity and smoking status explained 12·2% (P < 0·0001) of the 24-h HRV and 7·3% (P < 0·0001) of the night-time HRV. The single strongest factor to explain 24-h and night-time HRV appeared to be suPAR (P = 0·001 and P = 0·0067, respectively). Conclusion: A low HRV is not related to prediabetes, that is, insulin resistance and impaired fasting glucose, but is related to the immune and inflammatory markers suPAR and CRP and plasma triglyceride.

AB - Background: Heart rate variability (HRV) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. HRV is in part a function of the activity of the autonomic nervous system and has been associated with low-grade inflammation. In patients with type 2 diabetes, HRV is decreased and is a predictor of poor outcome. As HRV and its determinants in non-diabetic individuals have not been studied properly, the aim of this observational study was to evaluate possible associations between HRV vs. impaired fasting glucose, insulin resistance, lipidaemia and markers of inflammation and immune activation in these individuals. Materials and methods: Healthy individuals (n = 596, 55-75 years) from the community were evaluated with ambulant 48-h continuous electrocardiogram monitoring and fasting markers of lipidaemia, inflammation and immune activation, respectively. Insulin resistance was estimated by HOMA-IR. Time domain components of HRV were calculated. Results: Heart rate and HRV were not associated with glucose metabolic parameters but were inversely associated with soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), high-sensitive CRP and leucocyte number (P < 0·001), respectively. Both 24-h and night-time HRV were inversely associated with plasma triglyceride, whereas HDL, LDL and total cholesterol were not. A model including suPAR, CRP, gender, triglyceride, age, systolic blood pressure, physical activity and smoking status explained 12·2% (P < 0·0001) of the 24-h HRV and 7·3% (P < 0·0001) of the night-time HRV. The single strongest factor to explain 24-h and night-time HRV appeared to be suPAR (P = 0·001 and P = 0·0067, respectively). Conclusion: A low HRV is not related to prediabetes, that is, insulin resistance and impaired fasting glucose, but is related to the immune and inflammatory markers suPAR and CRP and plasma triglyceride.

U2 - 10.1111/eci.12070

DO - 10.1111/eci.12070

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 23517378

SN - 0014-2972

VL - 43

SP - 457

EP - 468

JO - European Journal of Clinical Investigation

JF - European Journal of Clinical Investigation

IS - 5

ER -

Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, C-reactive protein and triglyceride are associated with heart rate variability in non-diabetic Danes

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