Short-term associations between daily mortality and ambient particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and the air quality index in a Middle Eastern megacity

Heresh Amini; Nguyen Thi Trang Nhung; Christian Schindler; Masud Yunesian; Vahid Hosseini; Mansour Shamsipour; Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand; Younes Mohammadi; Farshad Farzadfar; Ana M Vicedo-Cabrera; Joel Schwartz; Sarah B Henderson; Nino Künzli

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113121

Short-term associations between daily mortality and ambient particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and the air quality index in a Middle Eastern megacity

Heresh Amini, Nguyen Thi Trang Nhung, Christian Schindler, Masud Yunesian, Vahid Hosseini, Mansour Shamsipour, Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand, Younes Mohammadi, Farshad Farzadfar, Ana M Vicedo-Cabrera, Joel Schwartz, Sarah B Henderson, Nino Künzli

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Abstract

There is limited evidence for short-term association between mortality and ambient air pollution in the Middle East and no study has evaluated exposure windows of about a month prior to death. We investigated all-cause non-accidental daily mortality and its association with fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and the Air Quality Index (AQI) from March 2011 through March 2014 in the megacity of Tehran, Iran. Generalized additive quasi-Poisson models were used within a distributed lag linear modeling framework to estimate the cumulative effects of PM2.5, NO2, and the AQI up to a lag of 45 days. We further conducted multi-pollutant models and also stratified the analyses by sex, age group, and season. The relative risk (95% confidence interval (CI)) for all seasons, both sexes and all ages at lag 0 for PM2.5, NO2, and AQI were 1.004 (1.001, 1.007), 1.003 (0.999, 1.007), and 1.004 (1.001, 1.007), respectively, per inter-quartile range (IQR) increment (18.8 μg/m3 for PM2.5, 12.6 ppb for NO2, and 31.5 for AQI). In multi-pollutant models, the PM2.5 associations were almost independent from NO2. However, the RRs for NO2 were slightly attenuated after adjustment for PM2.5 but they were still largely independent from PM2.5. The cumulative relative risks (95% CI) per IQR increment reached maximum during the cooler months, including: 1.13 (1.06, 1.20) for PM2.5 at lag 0-31 (for females, all ages); 1.17 (1.10, 1.25) for NO2 at lag 0-45 (for males, all ages); and 1.13 (1.07, 1.20) for the AQI at lag 0-30 (for females, all ages). Generally, the RRs were slightly larger for NO2 than PM2.5 and AQI. We found somewhat larger RRs in females, age group >65 years of age, and in cooler months. In summary, positive associations were found in most models. This is the first study to report short-term associations between all-cause non-accidental mortality and ambient PM2.5 and NO2 in Iran.

Original language	English
Article number	113121
Journal	Environmental Pollution
Volume	254
Issue number	Pt B
ISSN	0269-7491
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113121
Publication status	Published - Nov 2019
Externally published	Yes

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Short-term associations between daily mortality and ambient particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and the air quality index in a Middle Eastern megacityFinal published version, 1.15 MBLicence: CC BY-NC-ND

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Amini, H., Trang Nhung, N. T., Schindler, C., Yunesian, M., Hosseini, V., Shamsipour, M., Hassanvand, M. S., Mohammadi, Y., Farzadfar, F., Vicedo-Cabrera, A. M., Schwartz, J., Henderson, S. B., & Künzli, N. (2019). Short-term associations between daily mortality and ambient particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and the air quality index in a Middle Eastern megacity. Environmental Pollution, 254(Pt B), Article 113121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113121

Short-term associations between daily mortality and ambient particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and the air quality index in a Middle Eastern megacity. / Amini, Heresh; Trang Nhung, Nguyen Thi; Schindler, Christian et al.
In: Environmental Pollution, Vol. 254, No. Pt B, 113121, 11.2019.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

Amini, H, Trang Nhung, NT, Schindler, C, Yunesian, M, Hosseini, V, Shamsipour, M, Hassanvand, MS, Mohammadi, Y, Farzadfar, F, Vicedo-Cabrera, AM, Schwartz, J, Henderson, SB & Künzli, N 2019, 'Short-term associations between daily mortality and ambient particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and the air quality index in a Middle Eastern megacity', Environmental Pollution, vol. 254, no. Pt B, 113121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113121

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title = "Short-term associations between daily mortality and ambient particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and the air quality index in a Middle Eastern megacity",

abstract = "There is limited evidence for short-term association between mortality and ambient air pollution in the Middle East and no study has evaluated exposure windows of about a month prior to death. We investigated all-cause non-accidental daily mortality and its association with fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and the Air Quality Index (AQI) from March 2011 through March 2014 in the megacity of Tehran, Iran. Generalized additive quasi-Poisson models were used within a distributed lag linear modeling framework to estimate the cumulative effects of PM2.5, NO2, and the AQI up to a lag of 45 days. We further conducted multi-pollutant models and also stratified the analyses by sex, age group, and season. The relative risk (95% confidence interval (CI)) for all seasons, both sexes and all ages at lag 0 for PM2.5, NO2, and AQI were 1.004 (1.001, 1.007), 1.003 (0.999, 1.007), and 1.004 (1.001, 1.007), respectively, per inter-quartile range (IQR) increment (18.8 μg/m3 for PM2.5, 12.6 ppb for NO2, and 31.5 for AQI). In multi-pollutant models, the PM2.5 associations were almost independent from NO2. However, the RRs for NO2 were slightly attenuated after adjustment for PM2.5 but they were still largely independent from PM2.5. The cumulative relative risks (95% CI) per IQR increment reached maximum during the cooler months, including: 1.13 (1.06, 1.20) for PM2.5 at lag 0-31 (for females, all ages); 1.17 (1.10, 1.25) for NO2 at lag 0-45 (for males, all ages); and 1.13 (1.07, 1.20) for the AQI at lag 0-30 (for females, all ages). Generally, the RRs were slightly larger for NO2 than PM2.5 and AQI. We found somewhat larger RRs in females, age group >65 years of age, and in cooler months. In summary, positive associations were found in most models. This is the first study to report short-term associations between all-cause non-accidental mortality and ambient PM2.5 and NO2 in Iran.",

author = "Heresh Amini and {Trang Nhung}, {Nguyen Thi} and Christian Schindler and Masud Yunesian and Vahid Hosseini and Mansour Shamsipour and Hassanvand, {Mohammad Sadegh} and Younes Mohammadi and Farshad Farzadfar and Vicedo-Cabrera, {Ana M} and Joel Schwartz and Henderson, {Sarah B} and Nino K{\"u}nzli",

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doi = "10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113121",

language = "English",

volume = "254",

journal = "Environmental Pollution",

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T1 - Short-term associations between daily mortality and ambient particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and the air quality index in a Middle Eastern megacity

AU - Amini, Heresh

AU - Trang Nhung, Nguyen Thi

AU - Schindler, Christian

AU - Yunesian, Masud

AU - Hosseini, Vahid

AU - Shamsipour, Mansour

AU - Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh

AU - Mohammadi, Younes

AU - Farzadfar, Farshad

AU - Vicedo-Cabrera, Ana M

AU - Schwartz, Joel

AU - Henderson, Sarah B

AU - Künzli, Nino

PY - 2019/11

Y1 - 2019/11

N2 - There is limited evidence for short-term association between mortality and ambient air pollution in the Middle East and no study has evaluated exposure windows of about a month prior to death. We investigated all-cause non-accidental daily mortality and its association with fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and the Air Quality Index (AQI) from March 2011 through March 2014 in the megacity of Tehran, Iran. Generalized additive quasi-Poisson models were used within a distributed lag linear modeling framework to estimate the cumulative effects of PM2.5, NO2, and the AQI up to a lag of 45 days. We further conducted multi-pollutant models and also stratified the analyses by sex, age group, and season. The relative risk (95% confidence interval (CI)) for all seasons, both sexes and all ages at lag 0 for PM2.5, NO2, and AQI were 1.004 (1.001, 1.007), 1.003 (0.999, 1.007), and 1.004 (1.001, 1.007), respectively, per inter-quartile range (IQR) increment (18.8 μg/m3 for PM2.5, 12.6 ppb for NO2, and 31.5 for AQI). In multi-pollutant models, the PM2.5 associations were almost independent from NO2. However, the RRs for NO2 were slightly attenuated after adjustment for PM2.5 but they were still largely independent from PM2.5. The cumulative relative risks (95% CI) per IQR increment reached maximum during the cooler months, including: 1.13 (1.06, 1.20) for PM2.5 at lag 0-31 (for females, all ages); 1.17 (1.10, 1.25) for NO2 at lag 0-45 (for males, all ages); and 1.13 (1.07, 1.20) for the AQI at lag 0-30 (for females, all ages). Generally, the RRs were slightly larger for NO2 than PM2.5 and AQI. We found somewhat larger RRs in females, age group >65 years of age, and in cooler months. In summary, positive associations were found in most models. This is the first study to report short-term associations between all-cause non-accidental mortality and ambient PM2.5 and NO2 in Iran.

AB - There is limited evidence for short-term association between mortality and ambient air pollution in the Middle East and no study has evaluated exposure windows of about a month prior to death. We investigated all-cause non-accidental daily mortality and its association with fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and the Air Quality Index (AQI) from March 2011 through March 2014 in the megacity of Tehran, Iran. Generalized additive quasi-Poisson models were used within a distributed lag linear modeling framework to estimate the cumulative effects of PM2.5, NO2, and the AQI up to a lag of 45 days. We further conducted multi-pollutant models and also stratified the analyses by sex, age group, and season. The relative risk (95% confidence interval (CI)) for all seasons, both sexes and all ages at lag 0 for PM2.5, NO2, and AQI were 1.004 (1.001, 1.007), 1.003 (0.999, 1.007), and 1.004 (1.001, 1.007), respectively, per inter-quartile range (IQR) increment (18.8 μg/m3 for PM2.5, 12.6 ppb for NO2, and 31.5 for AQI). In multi-pollutant models, the PM2.5 associations were almost independent from NO2. However, the RRs for NO2 were slightly attenuated after adjustment for PM2.5 but they were still largely independent from PM2.5. The cumulative relative risks (95% CI) per IQR increment reached maximum during the cooler months, including: 1.13 (1.06, 1.20) for PM2.5 at lag 0-31 (for females, all ages); 1.17 (1.10, 1.25) for NO2 at lag 0-45 (for males, all ages); and 1.13 (1.07, 1.20) for the AQI at lag 0-30 (for females, all ages). Generally, the RRs were slightly larger for NO2 than PM2.5 and AQI. We found somewhat larger RRs in females, age group >65 years of age, and in cooler months. In summary, positive associations were found in most models. This is the first study to report short-term associations between all-cause non-accidental mortality and ambient PM2.5 and NO2 in Iran.

U2 - 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113121

DO - 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113121

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 31493628

SN - 0269-7491

VL - 254

JO - Environmental Pollution

JF - Environmental Pollution

IS - Pt B

M1 - 113121

ER -

Short-term associations between daily mortality and ambient particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and the air quality index in a Middle Eastern megacity

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