Risk assessment models for potential use in the emergency department have lower predictive ability in older patients compared to the middle-aged for short-term mortality - a retrospective cohort study

TY - JOUR

T1 - Risk assessment models for potential use in the emergency department have lower predictive ability in older patients compared to the middle-aged for short-term mortality - a retrospective cohort study

AU - Schultz, Martin

AU - Rasmussen, Line Jee Hartmann

AU - Carlson, Nicolas

AU - Hasselbalch, Rasmus Bo

AU - Jensen, Birgitte Nybo

AU - Usinger, Lotte

AU - Eugen-Olsen, Jesper

AU - Torp-Pedersen, Christian

AU - Rasmussen, Lars Simon

AU - Iversen, Kasper Karmark

PY - 2019/5/16

Y1 - 2019/5/16

N2 - Background: Older patients is a complex group at increased risk of adverse outcomes compared to younger patients, which should be considered in the risk assessment performed in emergency departments. We evaluated whether the predictive ability of different risk assessment models for acutely admitted patients is affected by age. Methods: Cohort study of middle-Aged and older patients. We investigated the accuracy in discriminating between survivors and non-survivors within 7 days of different risk assessment models; a traditional triage algorithm, a triage algorithm with clinical assessment, vital signs, routine biomarkers, and the prognostic biomarker soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR). Results: The cohort included 22,653 (53.2%) middle-Aged patients (age 40-69 years), and 19,889 (46.8%) older patients (aged 70+ years). Death within 7 days occurred in 139 patients (0.6%) in middle-Aged patients and 596 (3.0%) of the older patients. The models based on vital signs and routine biomarkers had the highest area under the curve (AUC), and both were significantly better at discriminating 7-day mortality in middle-Aged patients compared to older patients; AUC (95% CI): 0.88 (0.84-0.91), 0.75 (0.72-0.78), P < 0.01, and 0.86 (0.82-0.90), 0.76 (0.73-0.78), P < 0.001. In a subgroup of the total cohort (6.400 patients, 15.0%), the suPAR level was available. suPAR had the highest AUC of all individual predictors with no significant difference between the age groups, but further research in this biomarker is required before it can be used. Conclusion: The predictive value was lower in older patients compared to middle-Aged patients for all investigated models. Vital signs or routine biomarkers constituted the best models for predicting 7-day mortality and were better than the traditional triage model. Hence, the current risk assessment for short-Term mortality can be strengthened, but modifications for age should be considered when constructing new risk assessment models in the emergency department.

AB - Background: Older patients is a complex group at increased risk of adverse outcomes compared to younger patients, which should be considered in the risk assessment performed in emergency departments. We evaluated whether the predictive ability of different risk assessment models for acutely admitted patients is affected by age. Methods: Cohort study of middle-Aged and older patients. We investigated the accuracy in discriminating between survivors and non-survivors within 7 days of different risk assessment models; a traditional triage algorithm, a triage algorithm with clinical assessment, vital signs, routine biomarkers, and the prognostic biomarker soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR). Results: The cohort included 22,653 (53.2%) middle-Aged patients (age 40-69 years), and 19,889 (46.8%) older patients (aged 70+ years). Death within 7 days occurred in 139 patients (0.6%) in middle-Aged patients and 596 (3.0%) of the older patients. The models based on vital signs and routine biomarkers had the highest area under the curve (AUC), and both were significantly better at discriminating 7-day mortality in middle-Aged patients compared to older patients; AUC (95% CI): 0.88 (0.84-0.91), 0.75 (0.72-0.78), P < 0.01, and 0.86 (0.82-0.90), 0.76 (0.73-0.78), P < 0.001. In a subgroup of the total cohort (6.400 patients, 15.0%), the suPAR level was available. suPAR had the highest AUC of all individual predictors with no significant difference between the age groups, but further research in this biomarker is required before it can be used. Conclusion: The predictive value was lower in older patients compared to middle-Aged patients for all investigated models. Vital signs or routine biomarkers constituted the best models for predicting 7-day mortality and were better than the traditional triage model. Hence, the current risk assessment for short-Term mortality can be strengthened, but modifications for age should be considered when constructing new risk assessment models in the emergency department.

U2 - 10.1186/s12877-019-1154-7

DO - 10.1186/s12877-019-1154-7

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 31096925

SN - 1471-2318

VL - 19

JO - BMC Geriatrics

JF - BMC Geriatrics

IS - 1

M1 - 134

ER -