Regulation of amino acid transporters and sensors in response to a high protein diet: A randomized controlled trial in elderly men

TY - JOUR

T1 - Regulation of amino acid transporters and sensors in response to a high protein diet

T2 - A randomized controlled trial in elderly men

AU - Zeng, N

AU - Prodhan, U

AU - D’Souza, R F

AU - Ramzan, F

AU - Mitchell, S M

AU - Sharma, P

AU - Knowles, S O

AU - Roy, N C

AU - Sjödin, Anders Mikael

AU - Wagner, K-H

AU - Milan, A M

AU - Cameron-SMITH, D

AU - Mitchell, C J

N1 - CURIS 2019 NEXS 101

PY - 2019/4/1

Y1 - 2019/4/1

N2 - Background: The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is fundamental for many cellular processes, yet it is often dysregulated with aging. Increased amino acid (AA) availability is correlated with the expression of AA transporters (AAT) and mTORC1 activity. Although many AA sensors and mediators have been proposed to relay the AA signal to mTORC1, it has not yet been determined if chronic dietary intervention affects the expression of AAT, sensors and mediators and their relationships with mTORC1 activity. Objective and Design: This study investigated whether the consumption of a diet containing either the current recommended daily allowance (RDA) of protein intake (0.8 g/kg/d) or twice the RDA (2RDA) for ten weeks affected the expression of targets associated with AA transport, sensing and mTORC1 regulation in 26 older men (70-81 years). Method: Muscle biopsies were collected before and after the intervention under fasting conditions. Diets were controlled by providing fully prepared meals and snacks. Western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to measure protein and gene expression respectively. Results: Consumption of 2RDA reduced the protein expression of L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1). However, plasma leucine concentration and basal mTORC1 activity were unaltered. The downregulation of LAT1 did not affect the expression of AA sensors and mediators, including leucyl tRNA synthetase (LRS), cytosolic arginine sensor for mTORC1 (CASTOR1), Sestrin2 and Rag proteins. Instead, total ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6) was upregulated with 2RDA.Conclusion: Ten weeks of 2RDA diet did not affect the fasting mTORC1 signaling, but increased total RPS6 might suggest improved muscular translational capacity to maintain muscular mass.

AB - Background: The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is fundamental for many cellular processes, yet it is often dysregulated with aging. Increased amino acid (AA) availability is correlated with the expression of AA transporters (AAT) and mTORC1 activity. Although many AA sensors and mediators have been proposed to relay the AA signal to mTORC1, it has not yet been determined if chronic dietary intervention affects the expression of AAT, sensors and mediators and their relationships with mTORC1 activity. Objective and Design: This study investigated whether the consumption of a diet containing either the current recommended daily allowance (RDA) of protein intake (0.8 g/kg/d) or twice the RDA (2RDA) for ten weeks affected the expression of targets associated with AA transport, sensing and mTORC1 regulation in 26 older men (70-81 years). Method: Muscle biopsies were collected before and after the intervention under fasting conditions. Diets were controlled by providing fully prepared meals and snacks. Western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to measure protein and gene expression respectively. Results: Consumption of 2RDA reduced the protein expression of L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1). However, plasma leucine concentration and basal mTORC1 activity were unaltered. The downregulation of LAT1 did not affect the expression of AA sensors and mediators, including leucyl tRNA synthetase (LRS), cytosolic arginine sensor for mTORC1 (CASTOR1), Sestrin2 and Rag proteins. Instead, total ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6) was upregulated with 2RDA.Conclusion: Ten weeks of 2RDA diet did not affect the fasting mTORC1 signaling, but increased total RPS6 might suggest improved muscular translational capacity to maintain muscular mass.

KW - Aging

KW - Amino acid

KW - Dietary protein

KW - mTORC1

KW - Skeletal muscle

U2 - 10.1007/s12603-019-1171-4

DO - 10.1007/s12603-019-1171-4

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 30932134

AN - SCOPUS:85062774456

SN - 1279-7707

VL - 23

SP - 354

EP - 363

JO - Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging

JF - Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging

IS - 4

ER -