Protein phosphatases in the regulation of mitosis

TY - JOUR

T1 - Protein phosphatases in the regulation of mitosis

AU - Nilsson, Jakob

N1 - © 2018 Nilsson.

PY - 2019/2/1

Y1 - 2019/2/1

N2 - The accurate segregation of genetic material to daughter cells during mitosis depends on the precise coordination and regulation of hundreds of proteins by dynamic phosphorylation. Mitotic kinases are major regulators of protein function, but equally important are protein phosphatases that balance their actions, their coordinated activity being essential for accurate chromosome segregation. Phosphoprotein phosphatases (PPPs) that dephosphorylate phosphoserine and phosphothreonine residues are increasingly understood as essential regulators of mitosis. In contrast to kinases, the lack of a pronounced peptide-binding clef on the catalytic subunit of PPPs suggests that these enzymes are unlikely to be specifc. However, recent exciting insights into how mitotic PPPs recognize specifc substrates have revealed that they are as specifc as kinases. Furthermore, the activities of PPPs are tightly controlled at many levels to ensure that they are active only at the proper time and place. Here, I will discuss substrate selection and regulation of mitotic PPPs focusing mainly on animal cells and explore how these actions control mitosis, as well as important unanswered questions.

AB - The accurate segregation of genetic material to daughter cells during mitosis depends on the precise coordination and regulation of hundreds of proteins by dynamic phosphorylation. Mitotic kinases are major regulators of protein function, but equally important are protein phosphatases that balance their actions, their coordinated activity being essential for accurate chromosome segregation. Phosphoprotein phosphatases (PPPs) that dephosphorylate phosphoserine and phosphothreonine residues are increasingly understood as essential regulators of mitosis. In contrast to kinases, the lack of a pronounced peptide-binding clef on the catalytic subunit of PPPs suggests that these enzymes are unlikely to be specifc. However, recent exciting insights into how mitotic PPPs recognize specifc substrates have revealed that they are as specifc as kinases. Furthermore, the activities of PPPs are tightly controlled at many levels to ensure that they are active only at the proper time and place. Here, I will discuss substrate selection and regulation of mitotic PPPs focusing mainly on animal cells and explore how these actions control mitosis, as well as important unanswered questions.

U2 - 10.1083/jcb.201809138

DO - 10.1083/jcb.201809138

M3 - Review

C2 - 30446607

SN - 0021-9525

VL - 218

JO - The Journal of Cell Biology

JF - The Journal of Cell Biology

IS - 2

M1 - 395

ER -