TY - BOOK
T1 - Protection of enamel surfaces in the oral cavity
T2 - Inorganic and organic environmental and physiological interactions
AU - Lazovic, Maja Bruvo
PY - 2009
Y1 - 2009
N2 - The two main diseases that can affect the tooth enamel are dental caries and dental erosion, which both are caused by exposure of the enamel surfaces to acids. In the case of dental caries, acids from bacterial metabolism cause chemical dissolution of the tooth surface, whereas acids from drinks and foodstuffs or gastric juice can cause dental erosion. During a lifetime the enamel surface is also exposed to fluids that can have protective effects against dental caries and erosion such as saliva, various foodstuffs, drinking water and many types of drinks. However, little is still known about simple inorganic interactions between different fluids and dental caries and little is also known about which saliva proteins are able to protect the enamel surface against dental erosion. Therefore, the overall aim of this thesis was to examine simple inorganic and protein related protective effects with dental caries and erosion. Drinking water was used as a model system to test previously undetermined inorganic effects with importance for dental caries and the pellicle forming properties of the saliva proteins were used to test organic effects of importance for dental erosion. Inorganic effects on enamel integrity were determined by testing the effect of 22 standard chemical variables in drinking water on caries experience (DMF-S) among 15-year-olds schoolchildren. By iterative search and testing calcium and fluoride were identified to explain 45 % of the variations in DMF-S among 52,057 15-year-old schoolchildren in 249 Danish municipalities. Both ions had reducing effects on DMF-S independently of each other. An expanded mathematical model including fluoride, calcium, bicarbonate, pH and chloride could explain up to 51 % of variation in DMF-S. This is the highest explanatory power for inorganic variables yet to be reported for dental caries in vivo. Organic effects on enamel integrity were determined by testing differences in protective effects of salivary proteins from different individuals and ethnic groups. Parotid and submandibular saliva from 10 healthy young Scandinavians (3 women and 7 men) and 10 healthy young non-Scandinavians (4 women and 6 men) including Arabic, Persian, Pakistan, Indian, and Chinese subjects was collected and used. Bovine enamel blocks, which were coated with salivary proteins for 12 hours, were exposed to an acidic solution with surface microhardness (SMH) determinations before and after. The results showed that experimentally formed pellicles from non-Scandinavians protected enamel better than pellicles from Scandinavians. Within groups considerable differences were obtained among individuals, as high as 100% difference in protection. The proteins responsible for differences in protection of salivary pellicles were not fully identified in this study, although HPLC analysis of parotid saliva reviled that a-amylase could explain about 30% of individual variation in protective effects. In conclusion, these studies have shown that considerable variations in the two main diseases of the dental enamel can be attributed to simple inorganic and organic interactions with the dental enamel.
AB - The two main diseases that can affect the tooth enamel are dental caries and dental erosion, which both are caused by exposure of the enamel surfaces to acids. In the case of dental caries, acids from bacterial metabolism cause chemical dissolution of the tooth surface, whereas acids from drinks and foodstuffs or gastric juice can cause dental erosion. During a lifetime the enamel surface is also exposed to fluids that can have protective effects against dental caries and erosion such as saliva, various foodstuffs, drinking water and many types of drinks. However, little is still known about simple inorganic interactions between different fluids and dental caries and little is also known about which saliva proteins are able to protect the enamel surface against dental erosion. Therefore, the overall aim of this thesis was to examine simple inorganic and protein related protective effects with dental caries and erosion. Drinking water was used as a model system to test previously undetermined inorganic effects with importance for dental caries and the pellicle forming properties of the saliva proteins were used to test organic effects of importance for dental erosion. Inorganic effects on enamel integrity were determined by testing the effect of 22 standard chemical variables in drinking water on caries experience (DMF-S) among 15-year-olds schoolchildren. By iterative search and testing calcium and fluoride were identified to explain 45 % of the variations in DMF-S among 52,057 15-year-old schoolchildren in 249 Danish municipalities. Both ions had reducing effects on DMF-S independently of each other. An expanded mathematical model including fluoride, calcium, bicarbonate, pH and chloride could explain up to 51 % of variation in DMF-S. This is the highest explanatory power for inorganic variables yet to be reported for dental caries in vivo. Organic effects on enamel integrity were determined by testing differences in protective effects of salivary proteins from different individuals and ethnic groups. Parotid and submandibular saliva from 10 healthy young Scandinavians (3 women and 7 men) and 10 healthy young non-Scandinavians (4 women and 6 men) including Arabic, Persian, Pakistan, Indian, and Chinese subjects was collected and used. Bovine enamel blocks, which were coated with salivary proteins for 12 hours, were exposed to an acidic solution with surface microhardness (SMH) determinations before and after. The results showed that experimentally formed pellicles from non-Scandinavians protected enamel better than pellicles from Scandinavians. Within groups considerable differences were obtained among individuals, as high as 100% difference in protection. The proteins responsible for differences in protection of salivary pellicles were not fully identified in this study, although HPLC analysis of parotid saliva reviled that a-amylase could explain about 30% of individual variation in protective effects. In conclusion, these studies have shown that considerable variations in the two main diseases of the dental enamel can be attributed to simple inorganic and organic interactions with the dental enamel.
M3 - Ph.D. thesis
SN - 9788798784180
BT - Protection of enamel surfaces in the oral cavity
PB - Museum Tusculanum
ER -