TY - JOUR
T1 - Prevalence of Posttraumatic Growth Hormone Deficiency Is Highly Dependent on the Diagnostic Set-up
T2 - Results From The Danish National Study on Posttraumatic Hypopituitarism
AU - Klose, Marianne Christina
AU - Stochholm, Kirstine
AU - Janukonyté, Jourgita
AU - Lehman Christensen, Louise
AU - Frystyk, Jan
AU - Andersen, Marianne
AU - Laurberg, Peter
AU - Christiansen, Jens Sandahl
AU - Feldt-Rasmussen, Ulla
PY - 2014/1
Y1 - 2014/1
N2 - Context: Recent international guidelines suggest pituitary screening in patients with moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Predominantly isolated GH deficiency (GHD) was reported in the literature, raising the question of potential methodological bias. Objective: Our objective was to assess the prevalence of GHD in patients admitted in 2008 with TBI, with concurrent assessment of methodological bias. Design and Setting: We conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study at tertiary referral university hospitals. Participants: Participants were Danish patients with a head trauma diagnosis from the Danish Board of Health diagnostic code registry; 439 patients and 124 healthy controls underwent dynamic assessment of GH secretion 2.5 years (median) after TBI. Main Outcome: We evaluated the prevalence of GHD given use of 1) local versus guideline cutoffs, 2) insulin tolerance test (ITT), pyridostigmine (PD)-GHRH or GHRH-arginine (arg) test, 3) single versus repeated testing, and 4) GH assessment by assays with different isoform specificities. Results: The prevalence of GHD was lower by local than by guideline cutoffs (12% vs 19% [PDGHRH/GHRH-arg, P < .001]; 4.5% vs 5% [ITT, P = .9]), and by ITT than by PD-GHRH/GHRH-arg (P = .006 [local cutoffs]; P < .001 [guideline cutoffs]). Only 1% of patients had GHD according to 2 tests. GH assessment by the Immulite or iSYS assay caused no significant diagnostic differences. Conclusions: The study confirmed a high risk of bias in the management of pituitary testing of patients with TBI and stresses the importance of a proper control group and stringent GH testing including confirmatory testing in cohorts with low a priori likelihood of GHD such as in TBI. Our results question the evidence for newly introduced recommendations for routine pituitary assessment in TBI. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99: 101-110, 2014).
AB - Context: Recent international guidelines suggest pituitary screening in patients with moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Predominantly isolated GH deficiency (GHD) was reported in the literature, raising the question of potential methodological bias. Objective: Our objective was to assess the prevalence of GHD in patients admitted in 2008 with TBI, with concurrent assessment of methodological bias. Design and Setting: We conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study at tertiary referral university hospitals. Participants: Participants were Danish patients with a head trauma diagnosis from the Danish Board of Health diagnostic code registry; 439 patients and 124 healthy controls underwent dynamic assessment of GH secretion 2.5 years (median) after TBI. Main Outcome: We evaluated the prevalence of GHD given use of 1) local versus guideline cutoffs, 2) insulin tolerance test (ITT), pyridostigmine (PD)-GHRH or GHRH-arginine (arg) test, 3) single versus repeated testing, and 4) GH assessment by assays with different isoform specificities. Results: The prevalence of GHD was lower by local than by guideline cutoffs (12% vs 19% [PDGHRH/GHRH-arg, P < .001]; 4.5% vs 5% [ITT, P = .9]), and by ITT than by PD-GHRH/GHRH-arg (P = .006 [local cutoffs]; P < .001 [guideline cutoffs]). Only 1% of patients had GHD according to 2 tests. GH assessment by the Immulite or iSYS assay caused no significant diagnostic differences. Conclusions: The study confirmed a high risk of bias in the management of pituitary testing of patients with TBI and stresses the importance of a proper control group and stringent GH testing including confirmatory testing in cohorts with low a priori likelihood of GHD such as in TBI. Our results question the evidence for newly introduced recommendations for routine pituitary assessment in TBI. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99: 101-110, 2014).
KW - Adolescent
KW - Adult
KW - Aged
KW - Brain Injuries
KW - Case-Control Studies
KW - Denmark
KW - Diagnostic Techniques, Endocrine
KW - Female
KW - Human Growth Hormone
KW - Humans
KW - Hypopituitarism
KW - Male
KW - Middle Aged
KW - Prevalence
KW - Young Adult
U2 - 10.1210/jc.2013-2397
DO - 10.1210/jc.2013-2397
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 24243629
SN - 0013-7227
VL - 99
SP - 101
EP - 110
JO - Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
JF - Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
IS - 1
ER -