Pregnancy-induced rise in serum C-peptide concentrations in women with type 1 diabetes

Lene Ringholm Nielsen; Jens F Rehfeld; Ulrik Pedersen-Bjergaard; Peter Damm; Elisabeth R Mathiesen; Lene Ringholm Nielsen; Jens F Rehfeld; Ulrik Pedersen-Bjergaard; Peter Damm; Elisabeth R Mathiesen

doi:10.2337/dc08-1832

Pregnancy-induced rise in serum C-peptide concentrations in women with type 1 diabetes

Lene Ringholm Nielsen, Jens F Rehfeld, Ulrik Pedersen-Bjergaard, Peter Damm, Elisabeth R Mathiesen, Lene Ringholm Nielsen, Jens F Rehfeld, Ulrik Pedersen-Bjergaard, Peter Damm, Elisabeth R Mathiesen

Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences

42 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether pregnancy induces increased insulin production as a marker of improved beta-cell function in women with long-term type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a prospective study of 90 consecutive pregnant women with type 1 diabetes. At 8, 14, 21, 27, and 33 weeks blood samples were drawn for measurements of A1C, C-peptide, and serum glucose. C-peptide (detection limit: 6 pmol/l) was considered stimulated at a corresponding serum glucose concentration >or=5.0 mmol/l. GAD antibody concentration was determined at 8 and 33 weeks in 35 women. RESULTS: C-peptide concentrations gradually increased throughout pregnancy regardless of serum glucose concentrations in the 90 women with a median duration of diabetes of 17 years (range 1-36 years). Among 35 women with paired recordings of stimulated C-peptide, C-peptide production was detectable in 15 (43%) at 8 weeks and in 34 (97%) at 33 weeks (P < 0.0001), and median C-peptide gradually increased from 6 to 11 pmol/l (P = 0.0004) with a median change of 50% (range -50 to 3,271%) during pregnancy. GAD antibodies were present in 77% with no change from 8 to 33 weeks (P = 0.85). Multivariate regression analysis revealed a positive association between the absolute increase in C-peptide concentrations during pregnancy and decreased A1C from 8 to 33 weeks (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: A pregnancy-induced increase in C-peptide concentrations in women with long-term type 1 diabetes was demonstrated, even in women with undetectable C-peptide concentrations in early pregnancy. This increase is suggestive of improved beta-cell function and was associated with improvement in glycemic control during pregnancy.

Original language	English
Journal	Diabetes Care
Volume	32
Issue number	6
Pages (from-to)	1052-7
Number of pages	5
ISSN	0149-5992
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.2337/dc08-1832 https://doi.org/10.2337/dc08-1832
Publication status	Published - 2009

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title = "Pregnancy-induced rise in serum C-peptide concentrations in women with type 1 diabetes",

abstract = "OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether pregnancy induces increased insulin production as a marker of improved beta-cell function in women with long-term type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a prospective study of 90 consecutive pregnant women with type 1 diabetes. At 8, 14, 21, 27, and 33 weeks blood samples were drawn for measurements of A1C, C-peptide, and serum glucose. C-peptide (detection limit: 6 pmol/l) was considered stimulated at a corresponding serum glucose concentration >or=5.0 mmol/l. GAD antibody concentration was determined at 8 and 33 weeks in 35 women. RESULTS: C-peptide concentrations gradually increased throughout pregnancy regardless of serum glucose concentrations in the 90 women with a median duration of diabetes of 17 years (range 1-36 years). Among 35 women with paired recordings of stimulated C-peptide, C-peptide production was detectable in 15 (43%) at 8 weeks and in 34 (97%) at 33 weeks (P < 0.0001), and median C-peptide gradually increased from 6 to 11 pmol/l (P = 0.0004) with a median change of 50% (range -50 to 3,271%) during pregnancy. GAD antibodies were present in 77% with no change from 8 to 33 weeks (P = 0.85). Multivariate regression analysis revealed a positive association between the absolute increase in C-peptide concentrations during pregnancy and decreased A1C from 8 to 33 weeks (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: A pregnancy-induced increase in C-peptide concentrations in women with long-term type 1 diabetes was demonstrated, even in women with undetectable C-peptide concentrations in early pregnancy. This increase is suggestive of improved beta-cell function and was associated with improvement in glycemic control during pregnancy.",

author = "Nielsen, {Lene Ringholm} and Rehfeld, {Jens F} and Ulrik Pedersen-Bjergaard and Peter Damm and Mathiesen, {Elisabeth R} and Nielsen, {Lene Ringholm} and Rehfeld, {Jens F} and Ulrik Pedersen-Bjergaard and Peter Damm and Mathiesen, {Elisabeth R}",

note = "Keywords: Adult; Age of Onset; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Female; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated; Humans; Insulin; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Prospective Studies; Weight Gain",

year = "2009",

doi = "10.2337/dc08-1832",

language = "English",

volume = "32",

pages = "1052--7",

journal = "Diabetes Care",

issn = "0149-5992",

publisher = "American Diabetes Association",

number = "6",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Pregnancy-induced rise in serum C-peptide concentrations in women with type 1 diabetes

AU - Nielsen, Lene Ringholm

AU - Rehfeld, Jens F

AU - Pedersen-Bjergaard, Ulrik

AU - Damm, Peter

AU - Mathiesen, Elisabeth R

AU - Nielsen, Lene Ringholm

AU - Rehfeld, Jens F

AU - Pedersen-Bjergaard, Ulrik

AU - Damm, Peter

AU - Mathiesen, Elisabeth R

N1 - Keywords: Adult; Age of Onset; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Female; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated; Humans; Insulin; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Prospective Studies; Weight Gain

PY - 2009

Y1 - 2009

N2 - OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether pregnancy induces increased insulin production as a marker of improved beta-cell function in women with long-term type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a prospective study of 90 consecutive pregnant women with type 1 diabetes. At 8, 14, 21, 27, and 33 weeks blood samples were drawn for measurements of A1C, C-peptide, and serum glucose. C-peptide (detection limit: 6 pmol/l) was considered stimulated at a corresponding serum glucose concentration >or=5.0 mmol/l. GAD antibody concentration was determined at 8 and 33 weeks in 35 women. RESULTS: C-peptide concentrations gradually increased throughout pregnancy regardless of serum glucose concentrations in the 90 women with a median duration of diabetes of 17 years (range 1-36 years). Among 35 women with paired recordings of stimulated C-peptide, C-peptide production was detectable in 15 (43%) at 8 weeks and in 34 (97%) at 33 weeks (P < 0.0001), and median C-peptide gradually increased from 6 to 11 pmol/l (P = 0.0004) with a median change of 50% (range -50 to 3,271%) during pregnancy. GAD antibodies were present in 77% with no change from 8 to 33 weeks (P = 0.85). Multivariate regression analysis revealed a positive association between the absolute increase in C-peptide concentrations during pregnancy and decreased A1C from 8 to 33 weeks (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: A pregnancy-induced increase in C-peptide concentrations in women with long-term type 1 diabetes was demonstrated, even in women with undetectable C-peptide concentrations in early pregnancy. This increase is suggestive of improved beta-cell function and was associated with improvement in glycemic control during pregnancy.

AB - OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether pregnancy induces increased insulin production as a marker of improved beta-cell function in women with long-term type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a prospective study of 90 consecutive pregnant women with type 1 diabetes. At 8, 14, 21, 27, and 33 weeks blood samples were drawn for measurements of A1C, C-peptide, and serum glucose. C-peptide (detection limit: 6 pmol/l) was considered stimulated at a corresponding serum glucose concentration >or=5.0 mmol/l. GAD antibody concentration was determined at 8 and 33 weeks in 35 women. RESULTS: C-peptide concentrations gradually increased throughout pregnancy regardless of serum glucose concentrations in the 90 women with a median duration of diabetes of 17 years (range 1-36 years). Among 35 women with paired recordings of stimulated C-peptide, C-peptide production was detectable in 15 (43%) at 8 weeks and in 34 (97%) at 33 weeks (P < 0.0001), and median C-peptide gradually increased from 6 to 11 pmol/l (P = 0.0004) with a median change of 50% (range -50 to 3,271%) during pregnancy. GAD antibodies were present in 77% with no change from 8 to 33 weeks (P = 0.85). Multivariate regression analysis revealed a positive association between the absolute increase in C-peptide concentrations during pregnancy and decreased A1C from 8 to 33 weeks (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: A pregnancy-induced increase in C-peptide concentrations in women with long-term type 1 diabetes was demonstrated, even in women with undetectable C-peptide concentrations in early pregnancy. This increase is suggestive of improved beta-cell function and was associated with improvement in glycemic control during pregnancy.

U2 - 10.2337/dc08-1832

DO - 10.2337/dc08-1832

M3 - Journal article

SN - 0149-5992

VL - 32

SP - 1052

EP - 1057

JO - Diabetes Care

JF - Diabetes Care

IS - 6

ER -

Pregnancy-induced rise in serum C-peptide concentrations in women with type 1 diabetes

Abstract

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