Population genomics reveal recent speciation and rapid evolutionary adaptation in polar bears

Shiping Liu; Eline Lorenzen; Matteo Fumagalli; Bo Li; Kelley Harris; Zijun Xiong; Long Zhou; Thorfinn Sand Korneliussen; Mehmet Somel; Courtney Babbitt; Greg Wray; Jianwen Li; Weiming He; Zhuo Wang; Wenjing Fu; Xueyan Xiang; Claire C. Morgan; Aoife Doherty; Mary J. O'Connell; James O. McInerney; Erik W. Born; Love Dalén; Rune Dietz; Ludovic Antoine Alexandre Orlando; Christian Sonne; Guojie Zhang; Rasmus Nielsen; Eske Willerslev; Jun Wang

doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.054

Population genomics reveal recent speciation and rapid evolutionary adaptation in polar bears

Shiping Liu, Eline Lorenzen, Matteo Fumagalli, Bo Li, Kelley Harris, Zijun Xiong, Long Zhou, Thorfinn Sand Korneliussen, Mehmet Somel, Courtney Babbitt, Greg Wray, Jianwen Li, Weiming He, Zhuo Wang, Wenjing Fu, Xueyan Xiang, Claire C. Morgan, Aoife Doherty, Mary J. O'Connell, James O. McInerneyErik W. Born, Love Dalén, Rune Dietz, Ludovic Antoine Alexandre Orlando, Christian Sonne, Guojie Zhang, Rasmus Nielsen, Eske Willerslev, Jun Wang

173 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Polar bears are uniquely adapted to life in the High Arctic and have undergone drastic physiological changes in response to Arctic climates and a hyperlipid diet of primarily marine mammal prey. We analyzed 89 complete genomes of polar bear and brown bear using population genomic modeling and show that the species diverged only 479-343 thousand years BP. We find that genes on the polar bear lineage have been under stronger positive selection than in brown bears; nine of the top 16 genes under strong positive selection are associated with cardiomyopathy and vascular disease, implying important reorganization of the cardiovascular system. One of the genes showing the strongest evidence of selection, APOB, encodes the primary lipoprotein component of low-density lipoprotein (LDL); functional mutations in APOB may explain how polar bears are able to cope with life-long elevated LDL levels that are associated with high risk of heart disease in humans. PAPERCLIP:

Original language	English
Journal	Cell
Volume	157
Issue number	4
Pages (from-to)	785-794
Number of pages	10
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.054
Publication status	Published - 8 May 2014

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Liu, S., Lorenzen, E., Fumagalli, M., Li, B., Harris, K., Xiong, Z., Zhou, L., Korneliussen, T. S., Somel, M., Babbitt, C., Wray, G., Li, J., He, W., Wang, Z., Fu, W., Xiang, X., Morgan, C. C., Doherty, A., O'Connell, M. J., ... Wang, J. (2014). Population genomics reveal recent speciation and rapid evolutionary adaptation in polar bears. Cell, 157(4), 785-794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.054

Liu, S, Lorenzen, E, Fumagalli, M, Li, B, Harris, K, Xiong, Z, Zhou, L, Korneliussen, TS, Somel, M, Babbitt, C, Wray, G, Li, J, He, W, Wang, Z, Fu, W, Xiang, X, Morgan, CC, Doherty, A, O'Connell, MJ, McInerney, JO, Born, EW, Dalén, L, Dietz, R, Orlando, LAA, Sonne, C, Zhang, G , Nielsen, R , Willerslev, E & Wang, J 2014, 'Population genomics reveal recent speciation and rapid evolutionary adaptation in polar bears', Cell, vol. 157, no. 4, pp. 785-794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.054

@article{1042f9396f6941c69df94f85984e9f4a,

title = "Population genomics reveal recent speciation and rapid evolutionary adaptation in polar bears",

abstract = "Polar bears are uniquely adapted to life in the High Arctic and have undergone drastic physiological changes in response to Arctic climates and a hyperlipid diet of primarily marine mammal prey. We analyzed 89 complete genomes of polar bear and brown bear using population genomic modeling and show that the species diverged only 479-343 thousand years BP. We find that genes on the polar bear lineage have been under stronger positive selection than in brown bears; nine of the top 16 genes under strong positive selection are associated with cardiomyopathy and vascular disease, implying important reorganization of the cardiovascular system. One of the genes showing the strongest evidence of selection, APOB, encodes the primary lipoprotein component of low-density lipoprotein (LDL); functional mutations in APOB may explain how polar bears are able to cope with life-long elevated LDL levels that are associated with high risk of heart disease in humans. PAPERCLIP:",

author = "Shiping Liu and Eline Lorenzen and Matteo Fumagalli and Bo Li and Kelley Harris and Zijun Xiong and Long Zhou and Korneliussen, {Thorfinn Sand} and Mehmet Somel and Courtney Babbitt and Greg Wray and Jianwen Li and Weiming He and Zhuo Wang and Wenjing Fu and Xueyan Xiang and Morgan, {Claire C.} and Aoife Doherty and O'Connell, {Mary J.} and McInerney, {James O.} and Born, {Erik W.} and Love Dal{\'e}n and Rune Dietz and Orlando, {Ludovic Antoine Alexandre} and Christian Sonne and Guojie Zhang and Rasmus Nielsen and Eske Willerslev and Jun Wang",

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T1 - Population genomics reveal recent speciation and rapid evolutionary adaptation in polar bears

AU - Liu, Shiping

AU - Lorenzen, Eline

AU - Fumagalli, Matteo

AU - Li, Bo

AU - Harris, Kelley

AU - Xiong, Zijun

AU - Zhou, Long

AU - Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand

AU - Somel, Mehmet

AU - Babbitt, Courtney

AU - Wray, Greg

AU - Li, Jianwen

AU - He, Weiming

AU - Wang, Zhuo

AU - Fu, Wenjing

AU - Xiang, Xueyan

AU - Morgan, Claire C.

AU - Doherty, Aoife

AU - O'Connell, Mary J.

AU - McInerney, James O.

AU - Born, Erik W.

AU - Dalén, Love

AU - Dietz, Rune

AU - Orlando, Ludovic Antoine Alexandre

AU - Sonne, Christian

AU - Zhang, Guojie

AU - Nielsen, Rasmus

AU - Willerslev, Eske

AU - Wang, Jun

PY - 2014/5/8

Y1 - 2014/5/8

N2 - Polar bears are uniquely adapted to life in the High Arctic and have undergone drastic physiological changes in response to Arctic climates and a hyperlipid diet of primarily marine mammal prey. We analyzed 89 complete genomes of polar bear and brown bear using population genomic modeling and show that the species diverged only 479-343 thousand years BP. We find that genes on the polar bear lineage have been under stronger positive selection than in brown bears; nine of the top 16 genes under strong positive selection are associated with cardiomyopathy and vascular disease, implying important reorganization of the cardiovascular system. One of the genes showing the strongest evidence of selection, APOB, encodes the primary lipoprotein component of low-density lipoprotein (LDL); functional mutations in APOB may explain how polar bears are able to cope with life-long elevated LDL levels that are associated with high risk of heart disease in humans. PAPERCLIP:

AB - Polar bears are uniquely adapted to life in the High Arctic and have undergone drastic physiological changes in response to Arctic climates and a hyperlipid diet of primarily marine mammal prey. We analyzed 89 complete genomes of polar bear and brown bear using population genomic modeling and show that the species diverged only 479-343 thousand years BP. We find that genes on the polar bear lineage have been under stronger positive selection than in brown bears; nine of the top 16 genes under strong positive selection are associated with cardiomyopathy and vascular disease, implying important reorganization of the cardiovascular system. One of the genes showing the strongest evidence of selection, APOB, encodes the primary lipoprotein component of low-density lipoprotein (LDL); functional mutations in APOB may explain how polar bears are able to cope with life-long elevated LDL levels that are associated with high risk of heart disease in humans. PAPERCLIP:

U2 - 10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.054

DO - 10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.054

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 24813606

SN - 1097-4172

VL - 157

SP - 785

EP - 794

JO - Cell

JF - Cell

IS - 4

ER -

Population genomics reveal recent speciation and rapid evolutionary adaptation in polar bears

Abstract

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