Planck 2015 results. XIX. Constraints on primordial magnetic fields

P.A.R Ade; N. Aghanim; M. Arnaud; F. Arroja; M. Ashdown; J. Aumont; C. Baccigalupi; Rosa Maria  Ballardini; A.J. Banday; R.B. Barreiro; N. Bartolo; Per Rex Christensen; Pavel Nasselski; Anne Mette Frejsel; Igor Dmitrievich Novikov; Hans Ulrik Nørgaard-Nielsen

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201525821

Planck 2015 results. XIX. Constraints on primordial magnetic fields

P.A.R Ade, N. Aghanim, M. Arnaud, F. Arroja, M. Ashdown, J. Aumont, C. Baccigalupi, Rosa Maria Ballardini, A.J. Banday, R.B. Barreiro, N. Bartolo, Per Rex Christensen, Pavel Nasselski, Anne Mette Frejsel, Igor Dmitrievich Novikov, Hans Ulrik Nørgaard-Nielsen

Theoretical high energy, astroparticle and gravitational physics

119 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

We compute and investigate four types of imprint of a stochastic background of primordial magnetic fields (PMFs) on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies: the impact of PMFs on the CMB temperature and polarization spectra, which is related to their contribution to cosmological perturbations; the effect on CMB polarization induced by Faraday rotation; the impact of PMFs on the ionization history; magnetically-induced non-Gaussianities and related non-zero bispectra; and the magnetically-induced breaking of statistical isotropy. We present constraints on the amplitude of PMFs that are derived from different Planck data products, depending on the specific effect that is being analysed. Overall, Planck data constrain the amplitude of PMFs to less than a few nanoGauss, with different bounds that depend on the considered model. In particular, individual limits coming from the analysis of the CMB angular power spectra, using the Planck likelihood, are B_{1 Mpc} < 4.4 nG (where B_{1 Mpc} is the comoving field amplitude at a scale of 1 Mpc) at 95% confidence level, assuming zero helicity. By considering the Planck likelihood, based only on parity-even angular power spectra, we obtain B_{1 Mpc} < 5.6 nG for a maximally helical field. For nearly scale-invariant PMFs we obtain B_{1 Mpc} < 2.0 nG and B_{1 Mpc} < 0.9 nG if the impact of PMFs on the ionization history of the Universe is included in the analysis. From the analysis of magnetically-induced non-Gaussianity, we obtain three different values, corresponding to three applied methods, all below 5 nG. The constraint from the magnetically-induced passive-tensor bispectrum is B_{1 Mpc} < 2.8 nG. A search for preferred directions in the magnetically-induced passive bispectrum yields B_{1 Mpc} < 4.5 nG, whereas the compensated-scalar bispectrum gives B_{1 Mpc} < 3 nG. The analysis of the Faraday rotation of CMB polarization by PMFs uses the Planck power spectra in EE and BB at 70 GHz and gives B_{1 Mpc} < 1380 nG. In our final analysis, we consider the harmonic-space correlations produced by Alfvén waves, finding no significant evidence for the presence of these waves. Together, these results comprise a comprehensive set of constraints on possible PMFs with Planck data.

Original language	English
Article number	A19
Journal	Astronomy & Astrophysics
Volume	594
ISSN	0004-6361
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201525821
Publication status	Published - 1 Oct 2016

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Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Arroja, F., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Ballardini, R. M., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartolo, N., Christensen, P. R., Nasselski, P., Frejsel, A. M., Novikov, I. D., & Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U. (2016). Planck 2015 results. XIX. Constraints on primordial magnetic fields. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 594, [A19]. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201525821

Ade, PAR, Aghanim, N, Arnaud, M, Arroja, F, Ashdown, M, Aumont, J, Baccigalupi, C, Ballardini, RM, Banday, AJ, Barreiro, RB, Bartolo, N, Christensen, PR , Nasselski, P, Frejsel, AM, Novikov, ID & Nørgaard-Nielsen, HU 2016, 'Planck 2015 results. XIX. Constraints on primordial magnetic fields', Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 594, A19. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201525821

@article{79c3dad5dea8488aba4aa494f7d5463a,

title = "Planck 2015 results. XIX. Constraints on primordial magnetic fields",

abstract = "We compute and investigate four types of imprint of a stochastic background of primordial magnetic fields (PMFs) on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies: the impact of PMFs on the CMB temperature and polarization spectra, which is related to their contribution to cosmological perturbations; the effect on CMB polarization induced by Faraday rotation; the impact of PMFs on the ionization history; magnetically-induced non-Gaussianities and related non-zero bispectra; and the magnetically-induced breaking of statistical isotropy. We present constraints on the amplitude of PMFs that are derived from different Planck data products, depending on the specific effect that is being analysed. Overall, Planck data constrain the amplitude of PMFs to less than a few nanoGauss, with different bounds that depend on the considered model. In particular, individual limits coming from the analysis of the CMB angular power spectra, using the Planck likelihood, are B1 Mpc < 4.4 nG (where B1 Mpc is the comoving field amplitude at a scale of 1 Mpc) at 95% confidence level, assuming zero helicity. By considering the Planck likelihood, based only on parity-even angular power spectra, we obtain B1 Mpc < 5.6 nG for a maximally helical field. For nearly scale-invariant PMFs we obtain B1 Mpc < 2.0 nG and B1 Mpc < 0.9 nG if the impact of PMFs on the ionization history of the Universe is included in the analysis. From the analysis of magnetically-induced non-Gaussianity, we obtain three different values, corresponding to three applied methods, all below 5 nG. The constraint from the magnetically-induced passive-tensor bispectrum is B1 Mpc < 2.8 nG. A search for preferred directions in the magnetically-induced passive bispectrum yields B1 Mpc < 4.5 nG, whereas the compensated-scalar bispectrum gives B1 Mpc < 3 nG. The analysis of the Faraday rotation of CMB polarization by PMFs uses the Planck power spectra in EE and BB at 70 GHz and gives B1 Mpc < 1380 nG. In our final analysis, we consider the harmonic-space correlations produced by Alfv{\'e}n waves, finding no significant evidence for the presence of these waves. Together, these results comprise a comprehensive set of constraints on possible PMFs with Planck data.",

author = "P.A.R Ade and N. Aghanim and M. Arnaud and F. Arroja and M. Ashdown and J. Aumont and C. Baccigalupi and Ballardini, {Rosa Maria} and A.J. Banday and R.B. Barreiro and N. Bartolo and Christensen, {Per Rex} and Pavel Nasselski and Frejsel, {Anne Mette} and Novikov, {Igor Dmitrievich} and N{\o}rgaard-Nielsen, {Hans Ulrik}",

year = "2016",

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doi = "10.1051/0004-6361/201525821",

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T1 - Planck 2015 results. XIX. Constraints on primordial magnetic fields

AU - Ade, P.A.R

AU - Aghanim, N.

AU - Arnaud, M.

AU - Arroja, F.

AU - Ashdown, M.

AU - Aumont, J.

AU - Baccigalupi, C.

AU - Ballardini, Rosa Maria

AU - Banday, A.J.

AU - Barreiro, R.B.

AU - Bartolo, N.

AU - Christensen, Per Rex

AU - Nasselski, Pavel

AU - Frejsel, Anne Mette

AU - Novikov, Igor Dmitrievich

AU - Nørgaard-Nielsen, Hans Ulrik

PY - 2016/10/1

Y1 - 2016/10/1

N2 - We compute and investigate four types of imprint of a stochastic background of primordial magnetic fields (PMFs) on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies: the impact of PMFs on the CMB temperature and polarization spectra, which is related to their contribution to cosmological perturbations; the effect on CMB polarization induced by Faraday rotation; the impact of PMFs on the ionization history; magnetically-induced non-Gaussianities and related non-zero bispectra; and the magnetically-induced breaking of statistical isotropy. We present constraints on the amplitude of PMFs that are derived from different Planck data products, depending on the specific effect that is being analysed. Overall, Planck data constrain the amplitude of PMFs to less than a few nanoGauss, with different bounds that depend on the considered model. In particular, individual limits coming from the analysis of the CMB angular power spectra, using the Planck likelihood, are B1 Mpc < 4.4 nG (where B1 Mpc is the comoving field amplitude at a scale of 1 Mpc) at 95% confidence level, assuming zero helicity. By considering the Planck likelihood, based only on parity-even angular power spectra, we obtain B1 Mpc < 5.6 nG for a maximally helical field. For nearly scale-invariant PMFs we obtain B1 Mpc < 2.0 nG and B1 Mpc < 0.9 nG if the impact of PMFs on the ionization history of the Universe is included in the analysis. From the analysis of magnetically-induced non-Gaussianity, we obtain three different values, corresponding to three applied methods, all below 5 nG. The constraint from the magnetically-induced passive-tensor bispectrum is B1 Mpc < 2.8 nG. A search for preferred directions in the magnetically-induced passive bispectrum yields B1 Mpc < 4.5 nG, whereas the compensated-scalar bispectrum gives B1 Mpc < 3 nG. The analysis of the Faraday rotation of CMB polarization by PMFs uses the Planck power spectra in EE and BB at 70 GHz and gives B1 Mpc < 1380 nG. In our final analysis, we consider the harmonic-space correlations produced by Alfvén waves, finding no significant evidence for the presence of these waves. Together, these results comprise a comprehensive set of constraints on possible PMFs with Planck data.

AB - We compute and investigate four types of imprint of a stochastic background of primordial magnetic fields (PMFs) on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies: the impact of PMFs on the CMB temperature and polarization spectra, which is related to their contribution to cosmological perturbations; the effect on CMB polarization induced by Faraday rotation; the impact of PMFs on the ionization history; magnetically-induced non-Gaussianities and related non-zero bispectra; and the magnetically-induced breaking of statistical isotropy. We present constraints on the amplitude of PMFs that are derived from different Planck data products, depending on the specific effect that is being analysed. Overall, Planck data constrain the amplitude of PMFs to less than a few nanoGauss, with different bounds that depend on the considered model. In particular, individual limits coming from the analysis of the CMB angular power spectra, using the Planck likelihood, are B1 Mpc < 4.4 nG (where B1 Mpc is the comoving field amplitude at a scale of 1 Mpc) at 95% confidence level, assuming zero helicity. By considering the Planck likelihood, based only on parity-even angular power spectra, we obtain B1 Mpc < 5.6 nG for a maximally helical field. For nearly scale-invariant PMFs we obtain B1 Mpc < 2.0 nG and B1 Mpc < 0.9 nG if the impact of PMFs on the ionization history of the Universe is included in the analysis. From the analysis of magnetically-induced non-Gaussianity, we obtain three different values, corresponding to three applied methods, all below 5 nG. The constraint from the magnetically-induced passive-tensor bispectrum is B1 Mpc < 2.8 nG. A search for preferred directions in the magnetically-induced passive bispectrum yields B1 Mpc < 4.5 nG, whereas the compensated-scalar bispectrum gives B1 Mpc < 3 nG. The analysis of the Faraday rotation of CMB polarization by PMFs uses the Planck power spectra in EE and BB at 70 GHz and gives B1 Mpc < 1380 nG. In our final analysis, we consider the harmonic-space correlations produced by Alfvén waves, finding no significant evidence for the presence of these waves. Together, these results comprise a comprehensive set of constraints on possible PMFs with Planck data.

U2 - 10.1051/0004-6361/201525821

DO - 10.1051/0004-6361/201525821

M3 - Journal article

SN - 0004-6361

VL - 594

JO - Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series

JF - Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series

M1 - A19

ER -

Planck 2015 results. XIX. Constraints on primordial magnetic fields

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