TY - JOUR
T1 - Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors Associated With Risk of Progression From Gestational Diabetes Mellitus to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
T2 - A Prospective Cohort Study
AU - Bao, Wei
AU - Tobias, Deirdre K
AU - Bowers, Katherine
AU - Chavarro, Jorge
AU - Vaag, Allan
AU - Grunnet, Louise Groth
AU - Strøm, Marin
AU - Mills, James
AU - Liu, Aiyi
AU - Kiely, Michele
AU - Zhang, Cuilin
PY - 2014/7
Y1 - 2014/7
N2 - IMPORTANCE: Women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at substantially increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The identification of important modifiable factors could help prevent T2DM in this high-risk population. OBJECTIVE: To examine the role of physical activity and television watching and other sedentary behaviors, and changes in these behaviors in the progression from GDM to T2DM. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Prospective cohort study of 4554 women from the Nurses' Health Study II who had a history of GDM, as part of the ongoing Diabetes & Women's Health Study. These women were followed up from 1991 to 2007. EXPOSURES: Physical activity and television watching and other sedentary behaviors were assessed in 1991, 1997, 2001, and 2005. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURE: Incident T2DM identified through self-report and confirmed by supplemental questionnaires. RESULTS: We documented 635 incident T2DM cases during 59 287 person-years of follow-up. Each 5-metabolic equivalent hours per week (MET-h/wk) increment of total physical activity, which is equivalent to 100 minutes per week of moderate-intensity physical activity, was related to a 9%lower risk of T2DM (adjusted relative risk [RR], 0.91; 95%CI, 0.88-0.94); this inverse association remained significant after additional adjustment for body mass index (BMI). Moreover, an increase in physical activity was associated with a lower risk of developing T2DM. Compared with women who maintained their total physical activity levels, women who increased their total physical activity levels by 7.5 MET-h/wk or more (equivalent to 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity physical activity) had a 47%lower risk of T2DM (RR, 0.53; 95%CI, 0.38-0.75); the association remained significant after additional adjustment for BMI. The multivariable adjusted RRs (95%CIs) for T2DM associated with television watching of 0 to 5, 6 to 10, 11 to 20, and 20 or more hours per week were 1 (reference), 1.28 (1.04-1.59), 1.41 (1.11-1.79), and 1.77 (1.28-2.45), respectively (P value for trend <.001); additional adjustment for BMI attenuated the association. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Increasing physical activitymay lower the risk of progression from GDM to T2DM. These findings suggest a hopeful message to women with a history of GDM, although they are at exceptionally high risk for T2DM, promoting an active lifestyle may lower the risk.
AB - IMPORTANCE: Women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at substantially increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The identification of important modifiable factors could help prevent T2DM in this high-risk population. OBJECTIVE: To examine the role of physical activity and television watching and other sedentary behaviors, and changes in these behaviors in the progression from GDM to T2DM. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Prospective cohort study of 4554 women from the Nurses' Health Study II who had a history of GDM, as part of the ongoing Diabetes & Women's Health Study. These women were followed up from 1991 to 2007. EXPOSURES: Physical activity and television watching and other sedentary behaviors were assessed in 1991, 1997, 2001, and 2005. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURE: Incident T2DM identified through self-report and confirmed by supplemental questionnaires. RESULTS: We documented 635 incident T2DM cases during 59 287 person-years of follow-up. Each 5-metabolic equivalent hours per week (MET-h/wk) increment of total physical activity, which is equivalent to 100 minutes per week of moderate-intensity physical activity, was related to a 9%lower risk of T2DM (adjusted relative risk [RR], 0.91; 95%CI, 0.88-0.94); this inverse association remained significant after additional adjustment for body mass index (BMI). Moreover, an increase in physical activity was associated with a lower risk of developing T2DM. Compared with women who maintained their total physical activity levels, women who increased their total physical activity levels by 7.5 MET-h/wk or more (equivalent to 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity physical activity) had a 47%lower risk of T2DM (RR, 0.53; 95%CI, 0.38-0.75); the association remained significant after additional adjustment for BMI. The multivariable adjusted RRs (95%CIs) for T2DM associated with television watching of 0 to 5, 6 to 10, 11 to 20, and 20 or more hours per week were 1 (reference), 1.28 (1.04-1.59), 1.41 (1.11-1.79), and 1.77 (1.28-2.45), respectively (P value for trend <.001); additional adjustment for BMI attenuated the association. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Increasing physical activitymay lower the risk of progression from GDM to T2DM. These findings suggest a hopeful message to women with a history of GDM, although they are at exceptionally high risk for T2DM, promoting an active lifestyle may lower the risk.
KW - Adult
KW - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
KW - Diabetes, Gestational
KW - Exercise
KW - Female
KW - Humans
KW - Pregnancy
KW - Prospective Studies
KW - Risk Factors
KW - Sedentary Lifestyle
KW - Television
KW - United States
U2 - 10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.1795
DO - 10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.1795
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 24841449
SN - 2168-6106
VL - 174
SP - 1047
EP - 1055
JO - J A M A Internal Medicine
JF - J A M A Internal Medicine
IS - 7
ER -
