Phylogeny and taxonomy of the "manna lichens"

Mohammad Sohrabi; Soili Stenroos; Leena Myllys; Ulrik Søchting; Teuvo Ahti; Jaakko Hyvönen

doi:10.1007/s11557-012-0830-1

Phylogeny and taxonomy of the "manna lichens"

Mohammad Sohrabi, Soili Stenroos, Leena Myllys, Ulrik Søchting, Teuvo Ahti, Jaakko Hyvönen

Ecology and Evolution

21 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

We present ataxonomic revision of the 'manna lichens' based on morphological, chemical, ecological and molecular data. A large number of herbarium specimens and fresh collections were examined. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using nuclear ribosomal (nrITS, nrLSU) and mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU) sequences. Some notable phenotypic characters were plotted on the phylogenetic tree, and the analysis reveals that some of these characters are useful for genus and species level distinction of certain 'manna lichens.' Phylogeny of the Megasporaceae was revised using a combined data set of nrLSU and mtSSU and performing parsimony and Bayesian analyses. Five genera (Aspicilia, Circinaria, Lobothallia, Megaspora and Sagedia) are recognized. Further, the relationships of five presumably closely related genera of 'manna lichens', namely Agrestia (vagrant), Aspicilia (crustose) Circinaria (crustose), Chlorangium (vagrant) and Sphaerothallia (vagrant) with different growth forms were analysed. The analyses revealed that 'manna lichens' do not form a monophyletic group but occur in different clades within the genus Circinaria. The genera Agrestia, Chlorangium and Sphaerothallia are assigned as new synonyms under the genus Circinaria and no vagrant or erratic species remain in the genus Aspicilia. The analyses also show that five new erratic, vagrant and crustose species can be recognized. In this study two 'manna lichens', viz. Circinaria rostamii sp. nov. (Azerbaijan, Iran and Turkey), and Circinaria gyrosa sp. nov. (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Turkey, Turkmenistan and Spain) are described as new to science. Three potentially new species with crustose and erratic forms need additional study. Aspicilia fruticolosofoliacea is reduced to synonymy under C. alpicola, and a lectotype is designated for C. aspera. Thirteen new combinations in Circinaria are presented. The phenomenon of vagrancy is briefly discussed, and the biogeography of the 'manna lichens' is outlined. Illustrations, distribution maps, and an identification key to the species are provided.

Original language	English
Journal	Mycological Progress
Volume	12
Issue number	2
Pages (from-to)	231-269
Number of pages	39
ISSN	1617-416X
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-012-0830-1
Publication status	Published - May 2013

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11557-012-0830-1

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title = "Phylogeny and taxonomy of the {"}manna lichens{"}",

abstract = "We present ataxonomic revision of the 'manna lichens' based on morphological, chemical, ecological and molecular data. A large number of herbarium specimens and fresh collections were examined. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using nuclear ribosomal (nrITS, nrLSU) and mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU) sequences. Some notable phenotypic characters were plotted on the phylogenetic tree, and the analysis reveals that some of these characters are useful for genus and species level distinction of certain 'manna lichens.' Phylogeny of the Megasporaceae was revised using a combined data set of nrLSU and mtSSU and performing parsimony and Bayesian analyses. Five genera (Aspicilia, Circinaria, Lobothallia, Megaspora and Sagedia) are recognized. Further, the relationships of five presumably closely related genera of 'manna lichens', namely Agrestia (vagrant), Aspicilia (crustose) Circinaria (crustose), Chlorangium (vagrant) and Sphaerothallia (vagrant) with different growth forms were analysed. The analyses revealed that 'manna lichens' do not form a monophyletic group but occur in different clades within the genus Circinaria. The genera Agrestia, Chlorangium and Sphaerothallia are assigned as new synonyms under the genus Circinaria and no vagrant or erratic species remain in the genus Aspicilia. The analyses also show that five new erratic, vagrant and crustose species can be recognized. In this study two 'manna lichens', viz. Circinaria rostamii sp. nov. (Azerbaijan, Iran and Turkey), and Circinaria gyrosa sp. nov. (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Turkey, Turkmenistan and Spain) are described as new to science. Three potentially new species with crustose and erratic forms need additional study. Aspicilia fruticolosofoliacea is reduced to synonymy under C. alpicola, and a lectotype is designated for C. aspera. Thirteen new combinations in Circinaria are presented. The phenomenon of vagrancy is briefly discussed, and the biogeography of the 'manna lichens' is outlined. Illustrations, distribution maps, and an identification key to the species are provided.",

author = "Mohammad Sohrabi and Soili Stenroos and Leena Myllys and Ulrik S{\o}chting and Teuvo Ahti and Jaakko Hyv{\"o}nen",

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T1 - Phylogeny and taxonomy of the "manna lichens"

AU - Sohrabi, Mohammad

AU - Stenroos, Soili

AU - Myllys, Leena

AU - Søchting, Ulrik

AU - Ahti, Teuvo

AU - Hyvönen, Jaakko

N1 - 10.1007/s11557-012-0830-1

PY - 2013/5

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N2 - We present ataxonomic revision of the 'manna lichens' based on morphological, chemical, ecological and molecular data. A large number of herbarium specimens and fresh collections were examined. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using nuclear ribosomal (nrITS, nrLSU) and mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU) sequences. Some notable phenotypic characters were plotted on the phylogenetic tree, and the analysis reveals that some of these characters are useful for genus and species level distinction of certain 'manna lichens.' Phylogeny of the Megasporaceae was revised using a combined data set of nrLSU and mtSSU and performing parsimony and Bayesian analyses. Five genera (Aspicilia, Circinaria, Lobothallia, Megaspora and Sagedia) are recognized. Further, the relationships of five presumably closely related genera of 'manna lichens', namely Agrestia (vagrant), Aspicilia (crustose) Circinaria (crustose), Chlorangium (vagrant) and Sphaerothallia (vagrant) with different growth forms were analysed. The analyses revealed that 'manna lichens' do not form a monophyletic group but occur in different clades within the genus Circinaria. The genera Agrestia, Chlorangium and Sphaerothallia are assigned as new synonyms under the genus Circinaria and no vagrant or erratic species remain in the genus Aspicilia. The analyses also show that five new erratic, vagrant and crustose species can be recognized. In this study two 'manna lichens', viz. Circinaria rostamii sp. nov. (Azerbaijan, Iran and Turkey), and Circinaria gyrosa sp. nov. (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Turkey, Turkmenistan and Spain) are described as new to science. Three potentially new species with crustose and erratic forms need additional study. Aspicilia fruticolosofoliacea is reduced to synonymy under C. alpicola, and a lectotype is designated for C. aspera. Thirteen new combinations in Circinaria are presented. The phenomenon of vagrancy is briefly discussed, and the biogeography of the 'manna lichens' is outlined. Illustrations, distribution maps, and an identification key to the species are provided.

AB - We present ataxonomic revision of the 'manna lichens' based on morphological, chemical, ecological and molecular data. A large number of herbarium specimens and fresh collections were examined. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using nuclear ribosomal (nrITS, nrLSU) and mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU) sequences. Some notable phenotypic characters were plotted on the phylogenetic tree, and the analysis reveals that some of these characters are useful for genus and species level distinction of certain 'manna lichens.' Phylogeny of the Megasporaceae was revised using a combined data set of nrLSU and mtSSU and performing parsimony and Bayesian analyses. Five genera (Aspicilia, Circinaria, Lobothallia, Megaspora and Sagedia) are recognized. Further, the relationships of five presumably closely related genera of 'manna lichens', namely Agrestia (vagrant), Aspicilia (crustose) Circinaria (crustose), Chlorangium (vagrant) and Sphaerothallia (vagrant) with different growth forms were analysed. The analyses revealed that 'manna lichens' do not form a monophyletic group but occur in different clades within the genus Circinaria. The genera Agrestia, Chlorangium and Sphaerothallia are assigned as new synonyms under the genus Circinaria and no vagrant or erratic species remain in the genus Aspicilia. The analyses also show that five new erratic, vagrant and crustose species can be recognized. In this study two 'manna lichens', viz. Circinaria rostamii sp. nov. (Azerbaijan, Iran and Turkey), and Circinaria gyrosa sp. nov. (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Turkey, Turkmenistan and Spain) are described as new to science. Three potentially new species with crustose and erratic forms need additional study. Aspicilia fruticolosofoliacea is reduced to synonymy under C. alpicola, and a lectotype is designated for C. aspera. Thirteen new combinations in Circinaria are presented. The phenomenon of vagrancy is briefly discussed, and the biogeography of the 'manna lichens' is outlined. Illustrations, distribution maps, and an identification key to the species are provided.

U2 - 10.1007/s11557-012-0830-1

DO - 10.1007/s11557-012-0830-1

M3 - Journal article

SN - 1617-416X

VL - 12

SP - 231

EP - 269

JO - Mycological Progress

JF - Mycological Progress

IS - 2

ER -

Phylogeny and taxonomy of the "manna lichens"

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