Phylogenetic classification of the world's tropical forests

J. W.Ferry Slik; Janet Franklin; Víctor Arroyo-Rodríguez; Richard Field; Salomon Aguilar; Nikolay Aguirre; Jorge Ahumada; Shin Ichiro Aiba; Luciana F. Alves; Anitha K; Andres Avella; Francisco Mora; Gerardo A.C. Aymard; Selene Báez; Patricia Balvanera; Meredith L. Bastian; Jean François Bastin; Peter J. Bellingham; Eduardo Van Den Berg; Polyanna Da Conceição Bispo; Pascal Boeckx; Katrin Boehning-Gaese; Frans Bongers; Brad Boyle; Fabian Brambach; Francis Q. Brearley; Sandra Brown; Shauna Lee Chai; Robin L. Chazdon; Shengbin Chen; Phourin Chhang; George Chuyong; Corneille Ewango; Indiana M. Coronado; Jurgi Cristóbal-Azkarate; Heike Culmsee; Kipiro Damas; H. S. Dattaraja; Priya Davidar; Saara J. DeWalt; Hazimah DIn; Donald R. Drake; Alvaro Duque; Giselda Durigan; Karl Eichhorn; Eduardo Schmidt Eler; Tsutomu Enoki; Andreas Ensslin; Adandé Belarmain  Fandohan; Nina Farwig; Kenneth J. Feeley; Markus Fischer; Olle  Forshed; Queila Souza  Garcia; Satish Chandra  Garkoti; Thomas W. Gillespie; Jean-Francois Gillet; Christelle  Gonmadje; Iñigo  Granzow-de la Cerda; Daniel M. Griffith; James Grogan; Khalid Rehman  Hakeem; David J. Harris; Rhett D. Harrison; Andy Hector; Andreas Hemp; Jürgen Homeier; M. Shah Hussein; Guillermo  Ibarra-Manríquez; I. Faridah Hanum; Nobuo Imai; Patrick A. Jansen; Carlos Alfredo Joly; Shijo Joseph; Kuswata  Kartawinata; Elizabeth Kearsley; Daniel L. Kelly; Michael Kessler; Timothy J. Killeen; Robert M. Kooyman; Yves Laumonier; Susan G. Laurance; William F. Laurance; Michael J. Lawes; Susan G. Letcher; Jeremy Lindsell; Jon Lovett; Axel Dalberg Poulsen; Andes Rozak; Ida Theilade

doi:10.1073/pnas.1714977115

Phylogenetic classification of the world's tropical forests

J. W.Ferry Slik^*, Janet Franklin, Víctor Arroyo-Rodríguez, Richard Field, Salomon Aguilar, Nikolay Aguirre, Jorge Ahumada, Shin Ichiro Aiba, Luciana F. Alves, Anitha K, Andres Avella, Francisco Mora, Gerardo A.C. Aymard, Selene Báez, Patricia Balvanera, Meredith L. Bastian, Jean François Bastin, Peter J. Bellingham, Eduardo Van Den Berg, Polyanna Da Conceição BispoPascal Boeckx, Katrin Boehning-Gaese, Frans Bongers, Brad Boyle, Fabian Brambach, Francis Q. Brearley, Sandra Brown, Shauna Lee Chai, Robin L. Chazdon, Shengbin Chen, Phourin Chhang, George Chuyong, Corneille Ewango, Indiana M. Coronado, Jurgi Cristóbal-Azkarate, Heike Culmsee, Kipiro Damas, H. S. Dattaraja, Priya Davidar, Saara J. DeWalt, Hazimah DIn, Donald R. Drake, Alvaro Duque, Giselda Durigan, Karl Eichhorn, Eduardo Schmidt Eler, Tsutomu Enoki, Andreas Ensslin, Adandé Belarmain Fandohan, Nina Farwig, Kenneth J. Feeley, Markus Fischer, Olle Forshed, Queila Souza Garcia, Satish Chandra Garkoti, Thomas W. Gillespie, Jean-Francois Gillet, Christelle Gonmadje, Iñigo Granzow-de la Cerda, Daniel M. Griffith, James Grogan, Khalid Rehman Hakeem, David J. Harris, Rhett D. Harrison, Andy Hector, Andreas Hemp, Jürgen Homeier, M. Shah Hussein, Guillermo Ibarra-Manríquez, I. Faridah Hanum, Nobuo Imai, Patrick A. Jansen, Carlos Alfredo Joly, Shijo Joseph, Kuswata Kartawinata, Elizabeth Kearsley, Daniel L. Kelly, Michael Kessler, Timothy J. Killeen, Robert M. Kooyman, Yves Laumonier, Susan G. Laurance, William F. Laurance, Michael J. Lawes, Susan G. Letcher, Jeremy Lindsell, Jon Lovett, Axel Dalberg Poulsen, Andes Rozak, Ida Theilade

^*Corresponding author for this work

Section for Global Development

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Abstract

Knowledge about the biogeographic affinities of the world's tropical forests helps to better understand regional differences in forest structure, diversity, composition, and dynamics. Such understanding will enable anticipation of region-specific responses to global environmental change. Modern phylogenies, in combination with broad coverage of species inventory data, now allow for global biogeographic analyses that take species evolutionary distance into account. Here we present a classification of the world's tropical forests based on their phylogenetic similarity. We identify five principal floristic regions and their floristic relationships: (i) Indo-Pacific, (ii) Subtropical, (iii) African, (iv) American, and (v) Dry forests. Our results do not support the traditional neo- versus paleotropical forest division but instead separate the combined American and African forests from their Indo-Pacific counterparts. We also find indications for the existence of a global dry forest region, with representatives in America, Africa, Madagascar, and India. Additionally, a northern-hemisphere Subtropical forest region was identified with representatives in Asia and America, providing support for a link between Asian and American northernhemisphere forests.

Original language	English
Journal	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Volume	115
Issue number	8
Pages (from-to)	1837-1842
Number of pages	6
ISSN	0027-8424
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1714977115
Publication status	Published - 2018

Keywords

Biogeographic legacies
Forest classification
Forest functional similarity
Phylogenetic community distance
Tropical forests

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pnas.201714977Licence: CC BY-NC-ND

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Slik, J. W. F., Franklin, J., Arroyo-Rodríguez, V., Field, R., Aguilar, S., Aguirre, N., Ahumada, J., Aiba, S. I., Alves, L. F., K, A., Avella, A., Mora, F., Aymard, G. A. C., Báez, S., Balvanera, P., Bastian, M. L., Bastin, J. F., Bellingham, P. J., Van Den Berg, E., ... Theilade, I. (2018). Phylogenetic classification of the world's tropical forests. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 115(8), 1837-1842. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1714977115

Slik, JWF, Franklin, J, Arroyo-Rodríguez, V, Field, R, Aguilar, S, Aguirre, N, Ahumada, J, Aiba, SI, Alves, LF, K, A, Avella, A, Mora, F, Aymard, GAC, Báez, S, Balvanera, P, Bastian, ML, Bastin, JF, Bellingham, PJ, Van Den Berg, E, Da Conceição Bispo, P, Boeckx, P, Boehning-Gaese, K, Bongers, F, Boyle, B, Brambach, F, Brearley, FQ, Brown, S, Chai, SL, Chazdon, RL, Chen, S, Chhang, P, Chuyong, G, Ewango, C, Coronado, IM, Cristóbal-Azkarate, J, Culmsee, H, Damas, K, Dattaraja, HS, Davidar, P, DeWalt, SJ, DIn, H, Drake, DR, Duque, A, Durigan, G, Eichhorn, K, Eler, ES, Enoki, T, Ensslin, A, Fandohan, AB, Farwig, N, Feeley, KJ, Fischer, M, Forshed, O, Garcia, QS, Garkoti, SC, Gillespie, TW, Gillet, J-F, Gonmadje, C, Granzow-de la Cerda, I, Griffith, DM, Grogan, J, Hakeem, KR, Harris, DJ, Harrison, RD, Hector, A, Hemp, A, Homeier, J, Hussein, MS, Ibarra-Manríquez, G, Hanum, IF, Imai, N, Jansen, PA, Joly, CA, Joseph, S, Kartawinata, K, Kearsley, E, Kelly, DL, Kessler, M, Killeen, TJ, Kooyman, RM, Laumonier, Y, Laurance, SG, Laurance, WF, Lawes, MJ, Letcher, SG, Lindsell, J, Lovett, J, Poulsen, AD, Rozak, A & Theilade, I 2018, 'Phylogenetic classification of the world's tropical forests', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 115, no. 8, pp. 1837-1842. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1714977115

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title = "Phylogenetic classification of the world's tropical forests",

abstract = "Knowledge about the biogeographic affinities of the world's tropical forests helps to better understand regional differences in forest structure, diversity, composition, and dynamics. Such understanding will enable anticipation of region-specific responses to global environmental change. Modern phylogenies, in combination with broad coverage of species inventory data, now allow for global biogeographic analyses that take species evolutionary distance into account. Here we present a classification of the world's tropical forests based on their phylogenetic similarity. We identify five principal floristic regions and their floristic relationships: (i) Indo-Pacific, (ii) Subtropical, (iii) African, (iv) American, and (v) Dry forests. Our results do not support the traditional neo- versus paleotropical forest division but instead separate the combined American and African forests from their Indo-Pacific counterparts. We also find indications for the existence of a global dry forest region, with representatives in America, Africa, Madagascar, and India. Additionally, a northern-hemisphere Subtropical forest region was identified with representatives in Asia and America, providing support for a link between Asian and American northernhemisphere forests.",

keywords = "Biogeographic legacies, Forest classification, Forest functional similarity, Phylogenetic community distance, Tropical forests",

author = "Slik, {J. W.Ferry} and Janet Franklin and V{\'i}ctor Arroyo-Rodr{\'i}guez and Richard Field and Salomon Aguilar and Nikolay Aguirre and Jorge Ahumada and Aiba, {Shin Ichiro} and Alves, {Luciana F.} and Anitha K and Andres Avella and Francisco Mora and Aymard, {Gerardo A.C.} and Selene B{\'a}ez and Patricia Balvanera and Bastian, {Meredith L.} and Bastin, {Jean Fran{\c c}ois} and Bellingham, {Peter J.} and {Van Den Berg}, Eduardo and {Da Concei{\c c}{\~a}o Bispo}, Polyanna and Pascal Boeckx and Katrin Boehning-Gaese and Frans Bongers and Brad Boyle and Fabian Brambach and Brearley, {Francis Q.} and Sandra Brown and Chai, {Shauna Lee} and Chazdon, {Robin L.} and Shengbin Chen and Phourin Chhang and George Chuyong and Corneille Ewango and Coronado, {Indiana M.} and Jurgi Crist{\'o}bal-Azkarate and Heike Culmsee and Kipiro Damas and Dattaraja, {H. S.} and Priya Davidar and DeWalt, {Saara J.} and Hazimah DIn and Drake, {Donald R.} and Alvaro Duque and Giselda Durigan and Karl Eichhorn and Eler, {Eduardo Schmidt} and Tsutomu Enoki and Andreas Ensslin and Fandohan, {Adand{\'e} Belarmain} and Nina Farwig and Feeley, {Kenneth J.} and Markus Fischer and Olle Forshed and Garcia, {Queila Souza} and Garkoti, {Satish Chandra} and Gillespie, {Thomas W.} and Jean-Francois Gillet and Christelle Gonmadje and {Granzow-de la Cerda}, I{\~n}igo and Griffith, {Daniel M.} and James Grogan and Hakeem, {Khalid Rehman} and Harris, {David J.} and Harrison, {Rhett D.} and Andy Hector and Andreas Hemp and J{\"u}rgen Homeier and Hussein, {M. Shah} and Guillermo Ibarra-Manr{\'i}quez and Hanum, {I. Faridah} and Nobuo Imai and Jansen, {Patrick A.} and Joly, {Carlos Alfredo} and Shijo Joseph and Kuswata Kartawinata and Elizabeth Kearsley and Kelly, {Daniel L.} and Michael Kessler and Killeen, {Timothy J.} and Kooyman, {Robert M.} and Yves Laumonier and Laurance, {Susan G.} and Laurance, {William F.} and Lawes, {Michael J.} and Letcher, {Susan G.} and Jeremy Lindsell and Jon Lovett and Poulsen, {Axel Dalberg} and Andes Rozak and Ida Theilade",

year = "2018",

doi = "10.1073/pnas.1714977115",

language = "English",

volume = "115",

pages = "1837--1842",

journal = "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America",

issn = "0027-8424",

publisher = "The National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America",

number = "8",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Phylogenetic classification of the world's tropical forests

AU - Slik, J. W.Ferry

AU - Franklin, Janet

AU - Arroyo-Rodríguez, Víctor

AU - Field, Richard

AU - Aguilar, Salomon

AU - Aguirre, Nikolay

AU - Ahumada, Jorge

AU - Aiba, Shin Ichiro

AU - Alves, Luciana F.

AU - K, Anitha

AU - Avella, Andres

AU - Mora, Francisco

AU - Aymard, Gerardo A.C.

AU - Báez, Selene

AU - Balvanera, Patricia

AU - Bastian, Meredith L.

AU - Bastin, Jean François

AU - Bellingham, Peter J.

AU - Van Den Berg, Eduardo

AU - Da Conceição Bispo, Polyanna

AU - Boeckx, Pascal

AU - Boehning-Gaese, Katrin

AU - Bongers, Frans

AU - Boyle, Brad

AU - Brambach, Fabian

AU - Brearley, Francis Q.

AU - Brown, Sandra

AU - Chai, Shauna Lee

AU - Chazdon, Robin L.

AU - Chen, Shengbin

AU - Chhang, Phourin

AU - Chuyong, George

AU - Ewango, Corneille

AU - Coronado, Indiana M.

AU - Cristóbal-Azkarate, Jurgi

AU - Culmsee, Heike

AU - Damas, Kipiro

AU - Dattaraja, H. S.

AU - Davidar, Priya

AU - DeWalt, Saara J.

AU - DIn, Hazimah

AU - Drake, Donald R.

AU - Duque, Alvaro

AU - Durigan, Giselda

AU - Eichhorn, Karl

AU - Eler, Eduardo Schmidt

AU - Enoki, Tsutomu

AU - Ensslin, Andreas

AU - Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain

AU - Farwig, Nina

AU - Feeley, Kenneth J.

AU - Fischer, Markus

AU - Forshed, Olle

AU - Garcia, Queila Souza

AU - Garkoti, Satish Chandra

AU - Gillespie, Thomas W.

AU - Gillet, Jean-Francois

AU - Gonmadje, Christelle

AU - Granzow-de la Cerda, Iñigo

AU - Griffith, Daniel M.

AU - Grogan, James

AU - Hakeem, Khalid Rehman

AU - Harris, David J.

AU - Harrison, Rhett D.

AU - Hector, Andy

AU - Hemp, Andreas

AU - Homeier, Jürgen

AU - Hussein, M. Shah

AU - Ibarra-Manríquez, Guillermo

AU - Hanum, I. Faridah

AU - Imai, Nobuo

AU - Jansen, Patrick A.

AU - Joly, Carlos Alfredo

AU - Joseph, Shijo

AU - Kartawinata, Kuswata

AU - Kearsley, Elizabeth

AU - Kelly, Daniel L.

AU - Kessler, Michael

AU - Killeen, Timothy J.

AU - Kooyman, Robert M.

AU - Laumonier, Yves

AU - Laurance, Susan G.

AU - Laurance, William F.

AU - Lawes, Michael J.

AU - Letcher, Susan G.

AU - Lindsell, Jeremy

AU - Lovett, Jon

AU - Poulsen, Axel Dalberg

AU - Rozak, Andes

AU - Theilade, Ida

PY - 2018

Y1 - 2018

N2 - Knowledge about the biogeographic affinities of the world's tropical forests helps to better understand regional differences in forest structure, diversity, composition, and dynamics. Such understanding will enable anticipation of region-specific responses to global environmental change. Modern phylogenies, in combination with broad coverage of species inventory data, now allow for global biogeographic analyses that take species evolutionary distance into account. Here we present a classification of the world's tropical forests based on their phylogenetic similarity. We identify five principal floristic regions and their floristic relationships: (i) Indo-Pacific, (ii) Subtropical, (iii) African, (iv) American, and (v) Dry forests. Our results do not support the traditional neo- versus paleotropical forest division but instead separate the combined American and African forests from their Indo-Pacific counterparts. We also find indications for the existence of a global dry forest region, with representatives in America, Africa, Madagascar, and India. Additionally, a northern-hemisphere Subtropical forest region was identified with representatives in Asia and America, providing support for a link between Asian and American northernhemisphere forests.

AB - Knowledge about the biogeographic affinities of the world's tropical forests helps to better understand regional differences in forest structure, diversity, composition, and dynamics. Such understanding will enable anticipation of region-specific responses to global environmental change. Modern phylogenies, in combination with broad coverage of species inventory data, now allow for global biogeographic analyses that take species evolutionary distance into account. Here we present a classification of the world's tropical forests based on their phylogenetic similarity. We identify five principal floristic regions and their floristic relationships: (i) Indo-Pacific, (ii) Subtropical, (iii) African, (iv) American, and (v) Dry forests. Our results do not support the traditional neo- versus paleotropical forest division but instead separate the combined American and African forests from their Indo-Pacific counterparts. We also find indications for the existence of a global dry forest region, with representatives in America, Africa, Madagascar, and India. Additionally, a northern-hemisphere Subtropical forest region was identified with representatives in Asia and America, providing support for a link between Asian and American northernhemisphere forests.

KW - Biogeographic legacies

KW - Forest classification

KW - Forest functional similarity

KW - Phylogenetic community distance

KW - Tropical forests

U2 - 10.1073/pnas.1714977115

DO - 10.1073/pnas.1714977115

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 29432167

AN - SCOPUS:85042624090

SN - 0027-8424

VL - 115

SP - 1837

EP - 1842

JO - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

IS - 8

ER -

Phylogenetic classification of the world's tropical forests

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