Pathway to the galactic distribution of planets: combined Spitzer and ground-based microlens parallax measurements of 21 single-lens events

S. Calchi Novati; A. Gould; A. Udalski; J. W. Menzies; I. A. Bond; Y. Shvartzvald; R. A. Street; M. Hundertmark; C. A. Beichman; J. C. Yee; S. Carey; R. Poleski; J. Skowron; S. Kozlowski; P. Mroz; P. Pietrukowicz; G. Pietrzynski; M. K. Szymanski; I. Soszynski; K. Ulaczyk; L. Wyrzykowski; M. Albrow; J. P. Beaulieu; J. A. R. Caldwell; A. Cassan; C. Coutures; C. Danielski; D. Dominis Prester; J. Donatowicz; K. Loncaric; A. McDougall; J. C. Morales; C. Ranc; W. Zhu; F. Abe; R. K. Barry; D. P. Bennett; A. Bhattacharya; D. Fukunaga; K. Inayama; N. Koshimoto; S. Namba; T. Sumi; D. Suzuki; P. J. Tristram; Y. Wakiyama; A. Yonehara; D. Maoz; S. Kaspi; M. Friedmann; E. Bachelet; R. Figuera Jaimes; D. M. Bramich; Y. Tsapras; K. Horne; C. Snodgrass; J. Wambsganss; I. A. Steele; N. Kains; V. Bozza; M. Dominik; U. G. Jorgensen; K. A. Alsubai; S. Ciceri; G. D'Ago; Troels Haugbølle; F. V. Hessman; T. C. Hinse; D. Juncher; H. Korhonen; L. Mancini; A. Popovas; M. Rabus; S. Rahvar; G. Scarpetta; R. W. Schmidt; J. Skottfelt; J. Southworth; D. Starkey; J. Surdej; O. Wertz; M. Zarucki; B. S. Gaudi; R. W. Pogge; D. L. DePoy

doi:10.1088/0004-637X/804/1/20

Pathway to the galactic distribution of planets: combined Spitzer and ground-based microlens parallax measurements of 21 single-lens events

S. Calchi Novati, A. Gould, A. Udalski, J. W. Menzies, I. A. Bond, Y. Shvartzvald, R. A. Street, M. Hundertmark, C. A. Beichman, J. C. Yee, S. Carey, R. Poleski, J. Skowron, S. Kozlowski, P. Mroz, P. Pietrukowicz, G. Pietrzynski, M. K. Szymanski, I. Soszynski, K. UlaczykL. Wyrzykowski, M. Albrow, J. P. Beaulieu, J. A. R. Caldwell, A. Cassan, C. Coutures, C. Danielski, D. Dominis Prester, J. Donatowicz, K. Loncaric, A. McDougall, J. C. Morales, C. Ranc, W. Zhu, F. Abe, R. K. Barry, D. P. Bennett, A. Bhattacharya, D. Fukunaga, K. Inayama, N. Koshimoto, S. Namba, T. Sumi, D. Suzuki, P. J. Tristram, Y. Wakiyama, A. Yonehara, D. Maoz, S. Kaspi, M. Friedmann, E. Bachelet, R. Figuera Jaimes, D. M. Bramich, Y. Tsapras, K. Horne, C. Snodgrass, J. Wambsganss, I. A. Steele, N. Kains, V. Bozza, M. Dominik, U. G. Jorgensen, K. A. Alsubai, S. Ciceri, G. D'Ago, Troels Haugbølle, F. V. Hessman, T. C. Hinse, D. Juncher, H. Korhonen, L. Mancini, A. Popovas, M. Rabus, S. Rahvar, G. Scarpetta, R. W. Schmidt, J. Skottfelt, J. Southworth, D. Starkey, J. Surdej, O. Wertz, M. Zarucki, B. S. Gaudi, R. W. Pogge, D. L. DePoy

Astrophysics and Planetary Science

56 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

We present microlens parallax measurements for 21 (apparently) isolated lenses observed toward the Galactic bulge that were imaged simultaneously from Earth and Spitzer, which was ~1 AU West of Earth in projection. We combine these measurements with a kinematic model of the Galaxy to derive distance estimates for each lens, with error bars that are small compared to the Sun's Galactocentric distance. The ensemble therefore yields a well-defined cumulative distribution of lens distances. In principle it is possible to compare this distribution against a set of planets detected in the same experiment in order to measure the Galactic distribution of planets. Since these Spitzer observations yielded only one planet, this is not yet possible in practice. However, it will become possible as larger samples are accumulated.

Original language	English
Article number	20
Journal	The Astrophysical Journal
Volume	804
Issue number	1
Number of pages	25
ISSN	0004-637X
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/804/1/20
Publication status	Published - 1 May 2015

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Cite this

Novati, S. C., Gould, A., Udalski, A., Menzies, J. W., Bond, I. A., Shvartzvald, Y., Street, R. A., Hundertmark, M., Beichman, C. A., Yee, J. C., Carey, S., Poleski, R., Skowron, J., Kozlowski, S., Mroz, P., Pietrukowicz, P., Pietrzynski, G., Szymanski, M. K., Soszynski, I., ... DePoy, D. L. (2015). Pathway to the galactic distribution of planets: combined Spitzer and ground-based microlens parallax measurements of 21 single-lens events. The Astrophysical Journal, 804(1), [20]. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/804/1/20

Novati, SC, Gould, A, Udalski, A, Menzies, JW, Bond, IA, Shvartzvald, Y, Street, RA, Hundertmark, M, Beichman, CA, Yee, JC, Carey, S, Poleski, R, Skowron, J, Kozlowski, S, Mroz, P, Pietrukowicz, P, Pietrzynski, G, Szymanski, MK, Soszynski, I, Ulaczyk, K, Wyrzykowski, L, Albrow, M, Beaulieu, JP, Caldwell, JAR, Cassan, A, Coutures, C, Danielski, C, Prester, DD, Donatowicz, J, Loncaric, K, McDougall, A, Morales, JC, Ranc, C, Zhu, W, Abe, F, Barry, RK, Bennett, DP, Bhattacharya, A, Fukunaga, D, Inayama, K, Koshimoto, N, Namba, S, Sumi, T, Suzuki, D, Tristram, PJ, Wakiyama, Y, Yonehara, A, Maoz, D, Kaspi, S, Friedmann, M, Bachelet, E, Jaimes, RF, Bramich, DM, Tsapras, Y, Horne, K, Snodgrass, C, Wambsganss, J, Steele, IA, Kains, N, Bozza, V, Dominik, M, Jorgensen, UG, Alsubai, KA, Ciceri, S, D'Ago, G, Haugbølle, T, Hessman, FV, Hinse, TC, Juncher, D, Korhonen, H, Mancini, L, Popovas, A, Rabus, M, Rahvar, S, Scarpetta, G, Schmidt, RW, Skottfelt, J, Southworth, J, Starkey, D, Surdej, J, Wertz, O, Zarucki, M, Gaudi, BS, Pogge, RW & DePoy, DL 2015, 'Pathway to the galactic distribution of planets: combined Spitzer and ground-based microlens parallax measurements of 21 single-lens events', The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 804, no. 1, 20. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/804/1/20

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title = "Pathway to the galactic distribution of planets: combined Spitzer and ground-based microlens parallax measurements of 21 single-lens events",

abstract = "We present microlens parallax measurements for 21 (apparently) isolated lenses observed toward the Galactic bulge that were imaged simultaneously from Earth and Spitzer, which was ~1 AU West of Earth in projection. We combine these measurements with a kinematic model of the Galaxy to derive distance estimates for each lens, with error bars that are small compared to the Sun's Galactocentric distance. The ensemble therefore yields a well-defined cumulative distribution of lens distances. In principle it is possible to compare this distribution against a set of planets detected in the same experiment in order to measure the Galactic distribution of planets. Since these Spitzer observations yielded only one planet, this is not yet possible in practice. However, it will become possible as larger samples are accumulated.",

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author = "Novati, {S. Calchi} and A. Gould and A. Udalski and Menzies, {J. W.} and Bond, {I. A.} and Y. Shvartzvald and Street, {R. A.} and M. Hundertmark and Beichman, {C. A.} and Yee, {J. C.} and S. Carey and R. Poleski and J. Skowron and S. Kozlowski and P. Mroz and P. Pietrukowicz and G. Pietrzynski and Szymanski, {M. K.} and I. Soszynski and K. Ulaczyk and L. Wyrzykowski and M. Albrow and Beaulieu, {J. P.} and Caldwell, {J. A. R.} and A. Cassan and C. Coutures and C. Danielski and Prester, {D. Dominis} and J. Donatowicz and K. Loncaric and A. McDougall and Morales, {J. C.} and C. Ranc and W. Zhu and F. Abe and Barry, {R. K.} and Bennett, {D. P.} and A. Bhattacharya and D. Fukunaga and K. Inayama and N. Koshimoto and S. Namba and T. Sumi and D. Suzuki and Tristram, {P. J.} and Y. Wakiyama and A. Yonehara and D. Maoz and S. Kaspi and M. Friedmann and E. Bachelet and Jaimes, {R. Figuera} and Bramich, {D. M.} and Y. Tsapras and K. Horne and C. Snodgrass and J. Wambsganss and Steele, {I. A.} and N. Kains and V. Bozza and M. Dominik and Jorgensen, {U. G.} and Alsubai, {K. A.} and S. Ciceri and G. D'Ago and Troels Haugb{\o}lle and Hessman, {F. V.} and Hinse, {T. C.} and D. Juncher and H. Korhonen and L. Mancini and A. Popovas and M. Rabus and S. Rahvar and G. Scarpetta and Schmidt, {R. W.} and J. Skottfelt and J. Southworth and D. Starkey and J. Surdej and O. Wertz and M. Zarucki and Gaudi, {B. S.} and Pogge, {R. W.} and DePoy, {D. L.}",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Pathway to the galactic distribution of planets

T2 - combined Spitzer and ground-based microlens parallax measurements of 21 single-lens events

AU - Novati, S. Calchi

AU - Gould, A.

AU - Udalski, A.

AU - Menzies, J. W.

AU - Bond, I. A.

AU - Shvartzvald, Y.

AU - Street, R. A.

AU - Hundertmark, M.

AU - Beichman, C. A.

AU - Yee, J. C.

AU - Carey, S.

AU - Poleski, R.

AU - Skowron, J.

AU - Kozlowski, S.

AU - Mroz, P.

AU - Pietrukowicz, P.

AU - Pietrzynski, G.

AU - Szymanski, M. K.

AU - Soszynski, I.

AU - Ulaczyk, K.

AU - Wyrzykowski, L.

AU - Albrow, M.

AU - Beaulieu, J. P.

AU - Caldwell, J. A. R.

AU - Cassan, A.

AU - Coutures, C.

AU - Danielski, C.

AU - Prester, D. Dominis

AU - Donatowicz, J.

AU - Loncaric, K.

AU - McDougall, A.

AU - Morales, J. C.

AU - Ranc, C.

AU - Zhu, W.

AU - Abe, F.

AU - Barry, R. K.

AU - Bennett, D. P.

AU - Bhattacharya, A.

AU - Fukunaga, D.

AU - Inayama, K.

AU - Koshimoto, N.

AU - Namba, S.

AU - Sumi, T.

AU - Suzuki, D.

AU - Tristram, P. J.

AU - Wakiyama, Y.

AU - Yonehara, A.

AU - Maoz, D.

AU - Kaspi, S.

AU - Friedmann, M.

AU - Bachelet, E.

AU - Jaimes, R. Figuera

AU - Bramich, D. M.

AU - Tsapras, Y.

AU - Horne, K.

AU - Snodgrass, C.

AU - Wambsganss, J.

AU - Steele, I. A.

AU - Kains, N.

AU - Bozza, V.

AU - Dominik, M.

AU - Jorgensen, U. G.

AU - Alsubai, K. A.

AU - Ciceri, S.

AU - D'Ago, G.

AU - Haugbølle, Troels

AU - Hessman, F. V.

AU - Hinse, T. C.

AU - Juncher, D.

AU - Korhonen, H.

AU - Mancini, L.

AU - Popovas, A.

AU - Rabus, M.

AU - Rahvar, S.

AU - Scarpetta, G.

AU - Schmidt, R. W.

AU - Skottfelt, J.

AU - Southworth, J.

AU - Starkey, D.

AU - Surdej, J.

AU - Wertz, O.

AU - Zarucki, M.

AU - Gaudi, B. S.

AU - Pogge, R. W.

AU - DePoy, D. L.

PY - 2015/5/1

Y1 - 2015/5/1

N2 - We present microlens parallax measurements for 21 (apparently) isolated lenses observed toward the Galactic bulge that were imaged simultaneously from Earth and Spitzer, which was ~1 AU West of Earth in projection. We combine these measurements with a kinematic model of the Galaxy to derive distance estimates for each lens, with error bars that are small compared to the Sun's Galactocentric distance. The ensemble therefore yields a well-defined cumulative distribution of lens distances. In principle it is possible to compare this distribution against a set of planets detected in the same experiment in order to measure the Galactic distribution of planets. Since these Spitzer observations yielded only one planet, this is not yet possible in practice. However, it will become possible as larger samples are accumulated.

AB - We present microlens parallax measurements for 21 (apparently) isolated lenses observed toward the Galactic bulge that were imaged simultaneously from Earth and Spitzer, which was ~1 AU West of Earth in projection. We combine these measurements with a kinematic model of the Galaxy to derive distance estimates for each lens, with error bars that are small compared to the Sun's Galactocentric distance. The ensemble therefore yields a well-defined cumulative distribution of lens distances. In principle it is possible to compare this distribution against a set of planets detected in the same experiment in order to measure the Galactic distribution of planets. Since these Spitzer observations yielded only one planet, this is not yet possible in practice. However, it will become possible as larger samples are accumulated.

KW - astro-ph.EP

U2 - 10.1088/0004-637X/804/1/20

DO - 10.1088/0004-637X/804/1/20

M3 - Journal article

SN - 0004-637X

VL - 804

JO - Astrophysical Journal

JF - Astrophysical Journal

IS - 1

M1 - 20

ER -