Paternal and maternal obesity but not gestational weight gain is associated with type 1 diabetes

Maria C Magnus; Sjurdur F Olsen; Charlotta Granstrom; Nicolai A Lund-Blix; Jannet Svensson; Jesper Johannesen; Abigail Fraser; Torild Skrivarhaug; Geir Joner; Pål R Njølstad; Ketil Størdal; Lars C Stene

doi:10.1093/ije/dyx266

Paternal and maternal obesity but not gestational weight gain is associated with type 1 diabetes

Maria C Magnus, Sjurdur F Olsen, Charlotta Granstrom, Nicolai A Lund-Blix, Jannet Svensson, Jesper Johannesen, Abigail Fraser, Torild Skrivarhaug, Geir Joner, Pål R Njølstad, Ketil Størdal, Lars C Stene

Department of Clinical Medicine

14 Citations (Scopus)

30 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Background: Our objective was to examine the associations of parental body mass index (BMI) and maternal gestational weight gain with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes. Comparing the associations of maternal and paternal BMI with type 1 diabetes in the offspring will provide further insight into the role of unmeasured confounding by characteristics linked to BMI in both parents.

Methods: We studied 132 331 children participating in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) and the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) who were born between February 1998 and July 2009. Exposures of interest included parental BMI and maternal gestational weight gain obtained by maternal report. We used Cox-proportional hazards regression to examine the risk of type 1 diabetes (n=499 cases), which was ascertained by national childhood diabetes registers.

Results: The incidence of type 1 diabetes was 32.7 per 100 000 person-years in MoBa and 28.5 per 100 000 person-years in DNBC. Both maternal pre-pregnancy obesity, adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.41 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06, 1.89] and paternal obesity, adjusted HR 1.51 (95% CI: 1.11, 2.04), were associated with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes. The associations were similar after mutual adjustment. In contrast, maternal total gestational weight gain was not associated with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes, adjusted HR 1.00 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.02) per kilogram increase.

Conclusions: Our study suggests that the association between maternal obesity and childhood-onset type 1 diabetes is not likely explained by intrauterine mechanisms, but possibly rather by unknown environmental factors influencing BMI in the family.

Original language	English
Journal	International Journal of Epidemiology
Volume	47
Issue number	2
Pages (from-to)	417-426
ISSN	0300-5771
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyx266
Publication status	Published - Apr 2018

Keywords

Adolescent
Adult
Body Mass Index
Child
Cohort Studies
Denmark/epidemiology
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/epidemiology
Female
Gestational Weight Gain
Humans
Incidence
Male
Norway/epidemiology
Obesity/epidemiology
Parents
Pregnancy
Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
Proportional Hazards Models
Risk Factors
Young Adult

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1093/ije/dyx266Licence: CC BY

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Magnus, M. C., Olsen, S. F., Granstrom, C., Lund-Blix, N. A., Svensson, J., Johannesen, J., Fraser, A., Skrivarhaug, T., Joner, G., Njølstad, P. R., Størdal, K., & Stene, L. C. (2018). Paternal and maternal obesity but not gestational weight gain is associated with type 1 diabetes. International Journal of Epidemiology, 47(2), 417-426. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyx266

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abstract = "Background: Our objective was to examine the associations of parental body mass index (BMI) and maternal gestational weight gain with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes. Comparing the associations of maternal and paternal BMI with type 1 diabetes in the offspring will provide further insight into the role of unmeasured confounding by characteristics linked to BMI in both parents.Methods: We studied 132 331 children participating in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) and the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) who were born between February 1998 and July 2009. Exposures of interest included parental BMI and maternal gestational weight gain obtained by maternal report. We used Cox-proportional hazards regression to examine the risk of type 1 diabetes (n=499 cases), which was ascertained by national childhood diabetes registers.Results: The incidence of type 1 diabetes was 32.7 per 100 000 person-years in MoBa and 28.5 per 100 000 person-years in DNBC. Both maternal pre-pregnancy obesity, adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.41 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06, 1.89] and paternal obesity, adjusted HR 1.51 (95% CI: 1.11, 2.04), were associated with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes. The associations were similar after mutual adjustment. In contrast, maternal total gestational weight gain was not associated with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes, adjusted HR 1.00 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.02) per kilogram increase.Conclusions: Our study suggests that the association between maternal obesity and childhood-onset type 1 diabetes is not likely explained by intrauterine mechanisms, but possibly rather by unknown environmental factors influencing BMI in the family.",

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author = "Magnus, {Maria C} and Olsen, {Sjurdur F} and Charlotta Granstrom and Lund-Blix, {Nicolai A} and Jannet Svensson and Jesper Johannesen and Abigail Fraser and Torild Skrivarhaug and Geir Joner and Nj{\o}lstad, {P{\aa}l R} and Ketil St{\o}rdal and Stene, {Lars C}",

year = "2018",

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doi = "10.1093/ije/dyx266",

language = "English",

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T1 - Paternal and maternal obesity but not gestational weight gain is associated with type 1 diabetes

AU - Magnus, Maria C

AU - Olsen, Sjurdur F

AU - Granstrom, Charlotta

AU - Lund-Blix, Nicolai A

AU - Svensson, Jannet

AU - Johannesen, Jesper

AU - Fraser, Abigail

AU - Skrivarhaug, Torild

AU - Joner, Geir

AU - Njølstad, Pål R

AU - Størdal, Ketil

AU - Stene, Lars C

PY - 2018/4

Y1 - 2018/4

N2 - Background: Our objective was to examine the associations of parental body mass index (BMI) and maternal gestational weight gain with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes. Comparing the associations of maternal and paternal BMI with type 1 diabetes in the offspring will provide further insight into the role of unmeasured confounding by characteristics linked to BMI in both parents.Methods: We studied 132 331 children participating in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) and the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) who were born between February 1998 and July 2009. Exposures of interest included parental BMI and maternal gestational weight gain obtained by maternal report. We used Cox-proportional hazards regression to examine the risk of type 1 diabetes (n=499 cases), which was ascertained by national childhood diabetes registers.Results: The incidence of type 1 diabetes was 32.7 per 100 000 person-years in MoBa and 28.5 per 100 000 person-years in DNBC. Both maternal pre-pregnancy obesity, adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.41 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06, 1.89] and paternal obesity, adjusted HR 1.51 (95% CI: 1.11, 2.04), were associated with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes. The associations were similar after mutual adjustment. In contrast, maternal total gestational weight gain was not associated with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes, adjusted HR 1.00 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.02) per kilogram increase.Conclusions: Our study suggests that the association between maternal obesity and childhood-onset type 1 diabetes is not likely explained by intrauterine mechanisms, but possibly rather by unknown environmental factors influencing BMI in the family.

AB - Background: Our objective was to examine the associations of parental body mass index (BMI) and maternal gestational weight gain with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes. Comparing the associations of maternal and paternal BMI with type 1 diabetes in the offspring will provide further insight into the role of unmeasured confounding by characteristics linked to BMI in both parents.Methods: We studied 132 331 children participating in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) and the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) who were born between February 1998 and July 2009. Exposures of interest included parental BMI and maternal gestational weight gain obtained by maternal report. We used Cox-proportional hazards regression to examine the risk of type 1 diabetes (n=499 cases), which was ascertained by national childhood diabetes registers.Results: The incidence of type 1 diabetes was 32.7 per 100 000 person-years in MoBa and 28.5 per 100 000 person-years in DNBC. Both maternal pre-pregnancy obesity, adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.41 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06, 1.89] and paternal obesity, adjusted HR 1.51 (95% CI: 1.11, 2.04), were associated with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes. The associations were similar after mutual adjustment. In contrast, maternal total gestational weight gain was not associated with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes, adjusted HR 1.00 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.02) per kilogram increase.Conclusions: Our study suggests that the association between maternal obesity and childhood-onset type 1 diabetes is not likely explained by intrauterine mechanisms, but possibly rather by unknown environmental factors influencing BMI in the family.

KW - Adolescent

KW - Adult

KW - Body Mass Index

KW - Child

KW - Cohort Studies

KW - Denmark/epidemiology

KW - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/epidemiology

KW - Female

KW - Gestational Weight Gain

KW - Humans

KW - Incidence

KW - Male

KW - Norway/epidemiology

KW - Obesity/epidemiology

KW - Parents

KW - Pregnancy

KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects

KW - Proportional Hazards Models

KW - Risk Factors

KW - Young Adult

U2 - 10.1093/ije/dyx266

DO - 10.1093/ije/dyx266

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 29415279

SN - 0300-5771

VL - 47

SP - 417

EP - 426

JO - International Journal of Epidemiology

JF - International Journal of Epidemiology

IS - 2

ER -

Paternal and maternal obesity but not gestational weight gain is associated with type 1 diabetes

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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