Paleo-eskimo mtDNA genome reveals matrilineal discontinuity in Greenland

Marcus Thomas Pius Gilbert; Toomas Kivisild; Bjarne Grønnow; Pernille K Andersen; Ene Metspalu; Maere Reidla; Erika Tamm; Erik Axelsson; Anders Götherström; Paula F Campos; Morten Rasmussen; Mait Metspalu; Thomas F G Higham; Jean-Luc Schwenninger; Roger Nathan; Cees-Jan De Hoog; Anders Koch; Lone Nukarak Møller; Claus Andreasen; Morten Meldgaard; Richard Villems; Christian Bendixen; Eske Willerslev

doi:10.1126/science.1159750

Paleo-eskimo mtDNA genome reveals matrilineal discontinuity in Greenland

Marcus Thomas Pius Gilbert, Toomas Kivisild, Bjarne Grønnow, Pernille K Andersen, Ene Metspalu, Maere Reidla, Erika Tamm, Erik Axelsson, Anders Götherström, Paula F Campos, Morten Rasmussen, Mait Metspalu, Thomas F G Higham, Jean-Luc Schwenninger, Roger Nathan, Cees-Jan De Hoog, Anders Koch, Lone Nukarak Møller, Claus Andreasen, Morten MeldgaardRichard Villems, Christian Bendixen, Eske Willerslev

139 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The Paleo-Eskimo Saqqaq and Independence I cultures, documented from archaeological remains in Northern Canada and Greenland, represent the earliest human expansion into the New World's northern extremes. However, their origin and genetic relationship to later cultures are unknown. We sequenced a mitochondrial genome from a Paleo-Eskimo human by using 3400-to 4500-year-old frozen hair excavated from an early Greenlandic Saqqaq settlement. The sample is distinct from modern Native Americans and Neo-Eskimos, falling within haplogroup D2a1, a group previously observed among modern Aleuts and Siberian Sireniki Yuit. This result suggests that the earliest migrants into the New World's northern extremes derived from populations in the Bering Sea area and were not directly related to Native Americans or the later Neo-Eskimos that replaced them.

Original language	English
Journal	Science
Volume	320
Issue number	5884
Pages (from-to)	1787-1789
Number of pages	3
ISSN	0036-8075
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1159750
Publication status	Published - 2008

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Gilbert, M. T. P., Kivisild, T., Grønnow, B., Andersen, P. K., Metspalu, E., Reidla, M., Tamm, E., Axelsson, E., Götherström, A., Campos, P. F., Rasmussen, M., Metspalu, M., Higham, T. F. G., Schwenninger, J.-L., Nathan, R., De Hoog, C.-J., Koch, A., Møller, L. N., Andreasen, C., ... Willerslev, E. (2008). Paleo-eskimo mtDNA genome reveals matrilineal discontinuity in Greenland. Science, 320(5884), 1787-1789. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1159750

Gilbert, MTP, Kivisild, T, Grønnow, B, Andersen, PK, Metspalu, E, Reidla, M, Tamm, E, Axelsson, E, Götherström, A, Campos, PF, Rasmussen, M, Metspalu, M, Higham, TFG, Schwenninger, J-L, Nathan, R, De Hoog, C-J, Koch, A, Møller, LN, Andreasen, C, Meldgaard, M, Villems, R, Bendixen, C & Willerslev, E 2008, 'Paleo-eskimo mtDNA genome reveals matrilineal discontinuity in Greenland', Science, vol. 320, no. 5884, pp. 1787-1789. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1159750

@article{56a21620f85311ddb219000ea68e967b,

title = "Paleo-eskimo mtDNA genome reveals matrilineal discontinuity in Greenland",

abstract = "The Paleo-Eskimo Saqqaq and Independence I cultures, documented from archaeological remains in Northern Canada and Greenland, represent the earliest human expansion into the New World's northern extremes. However, their origin and genetic relationship to later cultures are unknown. We sequenced a mitochondrial genome from a Paleo-Eskimo human by using 3400-to 4500-year-old frozen hair excavated from an early Greenlandic Saqqaq settlement. The sample is distinct from modern Native Americans and Neo-Eskimos, falling within haplogroup D2a1, a group previously observed among modern Aleuts and Siberian Sireniki Yuit. This result suggests that the earliest migrants into the New World's northern extremes derived from populations in the Bering Sea area and were not directly related to Native Americans or the later Neo-Eskimos that replaced them.",

author = "Gilbert, {Marcus Thomas Pius} and Toomas Kivisild and Bjarne Gr{\o}nnow and Andersen, {Pernille K} and Ene Metspalu and Maere Reidla and Erika Tamm and Erik Axelsson and Anders G{\"o}therstr{\"o}m and Campos, {Paula F} and Morten Rasmussen and Mait Metspalu and Higham, {Thomas F G} and Jean-Luc Schwenninger and Roger Nathan and {De Hoog}, Cees-Jan and Anders Koch and M{\o}ller, {Lone Nukarak} and Claus Andreasen and Morten Meldgaard and Richard Villems and Christian Bendixen and Eske Willerslev",

note = "Keywords: Asian Continental Ancestry Group; DNA, Mitochondrial; Emigration and Immigration; Female; Genetics, Population; Genome, Mitochondrial; Greenland; Hair; Haplotypes; History, Ancient; Humans; Indians, North American; Inuits; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Sequence Analysis, DNA",

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AU - Gilbert, Marcus Thomas Pius

AU - Kivisild, Toomas

AU - Grønnow, Bjarne

AU - Andersen, Pernille K

AU - Metspalu, Ene

AU - Reidla, Maere

AU - Tamm, Erika

AU - Axelsson, Erik

AU - Götherström, Anders

AU - Campos, Paula F

AU - Rasmussen, Morten

AU - Metspalu, Mait

AU - Higham, Thomas F G

AU - Schwenninger, Jean-Luc

AU - Nathan, Roger

AU - De Hoog, Cees-Jan

AU - Koch, Anders

AU - Møller, Lone Nukarak

AU - Andreasen, Claus

AU - Meldgaard, Morten

AU - Villems, Richard

AU - Bendixen, Christian

AU - Willerslev, Eske

N1 - Keywords: Asian Continental Ancestry Group; DNA, Mitochondrial; Emigration and Immigration; Female; Genetics, Population; Genome, Mitochondrial; Greenland; Hair; Haplotypes; History, Ancient; Humans; Indians, North American; Inuits; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Sequence Analysis, DNA

PY - 2008

Y1 - 2008

N2 - The Paleo-Eskimo Saqqaq and Independence I cultures, documented from archaeological remains in Northern Canada and Greenland, represent the earliest human expansion into the New World's northern extremes. However, their origin and genetic relationship to later cultures are unknown. We sequenced a mitochondrial genome from a Paleo-Eskimo human by using 3400-to 4500-year-old frozen hair excavated from an early Greenlandic Saqqaq settlement. The sample is distinct from modern Native Americans and Neo-Eskimos, falling within haplogroup D2a1, a group previously observed among modern Aleuts and Siberian Sireniki Yuit. This result suggests that the earliest migrants into the New World's northern extremes derived from populations in the Bering Sea area and were not directly related to Native Americans or the later Neo-Eskimos that replaced them.

AB - The Paleo-Eskimo Saqqaq and Independence I cultures, documented from archaeological remains in Northern Canada and Greenland, represent the earliest human expansion into the New World's northern extremes. However, their origin and genetic relationship to later cultures are unknown. We sequenced a mitochondrial genome from a Paleo-Eskimo human by using 3400-to 4500-year-old frozen hair excavated from an early Greenlandic Saqqaq settlement. The sample is distinct from modern Native Americans and Neo-Eskimos, falling within haplogroup D2a1, a group previously observed among modern Aleuts and Siberian Sireniki Yuit. This result suggests that the earliest migrants into the New World's northern extremes derived from populations in the Bering Sea area and were not directly related to Native Americans or the later Neo-Eskimos that replaced them.

U2 - 10.1126/science.1159750

DO - 10.1126/science.1159750

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 18511654

SN - 0036-8075

VL - 320

SP - 1787

EP - 1789

JO - Science

JF - Science

IS - 5884

ER -

Paleo-eskimo mtDNA genome reveals matrilineal discontinuity in Greenland

Abstract

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