Open and Calm-A randomized controlled trial evaluating a public stress reduction program in Denmark Health behavior, health promotion and society

Christian Gaden Jensen; Jon Lansner; Anders Petersen; Signe A. Vangkilde; Signe P. Ringkøbing; Vibe G. Frokjaer; Dea Adamsen; Gitte M. Knudsen; John W. Denninger; Steen Hasselbalch

doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2588-2

Open and Calm-A randomized controlled trial evaluating a public stress reduction program in Denmark Health behavior, health promotion and society

Christian Gaden Jensen, Jon Lansner, Anders Petersen, Signe A. Vangkilde, Signe P. Ringkøbing, Vibe G. Frokjaer, Dea Adamsen, Gitte M. Knudsen, John W. Denninger, Steen Hasselbalch

Department of Clinical Medicine

7 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Background: Prolonged psychological stress is a risk factor for illness and constitutes an increasing public health challenge creating a need to develop public interventions specifically targeting stress and promoting mental health. The present randomized controlled trial evaluated health effects of a novel program: Relaxation-Response-based Mental Health Promotion (RR-MHP). Methods: The multimodal, meditation-based course was publicly entitled "Open and Calm" (OC) because it consistently trained relaxed and receptive ("Open") attention, and consciously non-intervening ("Calm") witnessing, in two standardized formats (individual or group) over nine weeks. Seventy-two participants who complained to their general practitioner about reduced daily functioning due to prolonged stress or who responded to an online health survey on stress were randomly assigned to OC formats or treatment as usual, involving e.g., unstandardized consultations with their general practitioner. Outcomes included perceived stress, depressive symptoms, quality of life, sleep disturbances, mental health, salivary cortisol, and visual perception. Control variables comprised a genetic stress-resiliency factor (serotonergic transporter genotype; 5-HTTLPR), demographics, personality, self-reported inattentiveness, and course format. Results: Intent-to-treat analyses showed significantly larger improvements in OC than in controls on all outcomes. Treatment effects on self-reported outcomes were sustained after 3 months and were not related to age, gender, education, or course format. The dropout rate was only 6 %. Conclusions: The standardized OC program reduced stress and improved mental health for a period of 3 months. Further testing of the OC program for public mental health promotion and reduction of stress-related illnesses is therefore warranted. A larger implementation is in progress. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov.: NCT02140307. Registered May 14 2014.

Original language	English
Article number	1245
Journal	BMC Public Health
Volume	15
Issue number	1
Number of pages	13
ISSN	1471-2458
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2588-2
Publication status	Published - 16 Dec 2015

Keywords

Attention
Cortisol
Meditation
Mental health promotion
Stress reduction

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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Jensen, C. G., Lansner, J., Petersen, A., Vangkilde, S. A., Ringkøbing, S. P., Frokjaer, V. G., Adamsen, D., Knudsen, G. M., Denninger, J. W., & Hasselbalch, S. (2015). Open and Calm-A randomized controlled trial evaluating a public stress reduction program in Denmark Health behavior, health promotion and society. BMC Public Health, 15(1), Article 1245. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2588-2

Jensen, CG, Lansner, J, Petersen, A , Vangkilde, SA, Ringkøbing, SP, Frokjaer, VG, Adamsen, D, Knudsen, GM, Denninger, JW & Hasselbalch, S 2015, 'Open and Calm-A randomized controlled trial evaluating a public stress reduction program in Denmark Health behavior, health promotion and society', BMC Public Health, vol. 15, no. 1, 1245. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2588-2

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abstract = "Background: Prolonged psychological stress is a risk factor for illness and constitutes an increasing public health challenge creating a need to develop public interventions specifically targeting stress and promoting mental health. The present randomized controlled trial evaluated health effects of a novel program: Relaxation-Response-based Mental Health Promotion (RR-MHP). Methods: The multimodal, meditation-based course was publicly entitled {"}Open and Calm{"} (OC) because it consistently trained relaxed and receptive ({"}Open{"}) attention, and consciously non-intervening ({"}Calm{"}) witnessing, in two standardized formats (individual or group) over nine weeks. Seventy-two participants who complained to their general practitioner about reduced daily functioning due to prolonged stress or who responded to an online health survey on stress were randomly assigned to OC formats or treatment as usual, involving e.g., unstandardized consultations with their general practitioner. Outcomes included perceived stress, depressive symptoms, quality of life, sleep disturbances, mental health, salivary cortisol, and visual perception. Control variables comprised a genetic stress-resiliency factor (serotonergic transporter genotype; 5-HTTLPR), demographics, personality, self-reported inattentiveness, and course format. Results: Intent-to-treat analyses showed significantly larger improvements in OC than in controls on all outcomes. Treatment effects on self-reported outcomes were sustained after 3 months and were not related to age, gender, education, or course format. The dropout rate was only 6 %. Conclusions: The standardized OC program reduced stress and improved mental health for a period of 3 months. Further testing of the OC program for public mental health promotion and reduction of stress-related illnesses is therefore warranted. A larger implementation is in progress. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov.: NCT02140307. Registered May 14 2014.",

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T1 - Open and Calm-A randomized controlled trial evaluating a public stress reduction program in Denmark Health behavior, health promotion and society

AU - Jensen, Christian Gaden

AU - Lansner, Jon

AU - Petersen, Anders

AU - Vangkilde, Signe A.

AU - Ringkøbing, Signe P.

AU - Frokjaer, Vibe G.

AU - Adamsen, Dea

AU - Knudsen, Gitte M.

AU - Denninger, John W.

AU - Hasselbalch, Steen

PY - 2015/12/16

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N2 - Background: Prolonged psychological stress is a risk factor for illness and constitutes an increasing public health challenge creating a need to develop public interventions specifically targeting stress and promoting mental health. The present randomized controlled trial evaluated health effects of a novel program: Relaxation-Response-based Mental Health Promotion (RR-MHP). Methods: The multimodal, meditation-based course was publicly entitled "Open and Calm" (OC) because it consistently trained relaxed and receptive ("Open") attention, and consciously non-intervening ("Calm") witnessing, in two standardized formats (individual or group) over nine weeks. Seventy-two participants who complained to their general practitioner about reduced daily functioning due to prolonged stress or who responded to an online health survey on stress were randomly assigned to OC formats or treatment as usual, involving e.g., unstandardized consultations with their general practitioner. Outcomes included perceived stress, depressive symptoms, quality of life, sleep disturbances, mental health, salivary cortisol, and visual perception. Control variables comprised a genetic stress-resiliency factor (serotonergic transporter genotype; 5-HTTLPR), demographics, personality, self-reported inattentiveness, and course format. Results: Intent-to-treat analyses showed significantly larger improvements in OC than in controls on all outcomes. Treatment effects on self-reported outcomes were sustained after 3 months and were not related to age, gender, education, or course format. The dropout rate was only 6 %. Conclusions: The standardized OC program reduced stress and improved mental health for a period of 3 months. Further testing of the OC program for public mental health promotion and reduction of stress-related illnesses is therefore warranted. A larger implementation is in progress. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov.: NCT02140307. Registered May 14 2014.

AB - Background: Prolonged psychological stress is a risk factor for illness and constitutes an increasing public health challenge creating a need to develop public interventions specifically targeting stress and promoting mental health. The present randomized controlled trial evaluated health effects of a novel program: Relaxation-Response-based Mental Health Promotion (RR-MHP). Methods: The multimodal, meditation-based course was publicly entitled "Open and Calm" (OC) because it consistently trained relaxed and receptive ("Open") attention, and consciously non-intervening ("Calm") witnessing, in two standardized formats (individual or group) over nine weeks. Seventy-two participants who complained to their general practitioner about reduced daily functioning due to prolonged stress or who responded to an online health survey on stress were randomly assigned to OC formats or treatment as usual, involving e.g., unstandardized consultations with their general practitioner. Outcomes included perceived stress, depressive symptoms, quality of life, sleep disturbances, mental health, salivary cortisol, and visual perception. Control variables comprised a genetic stress-resiliency factor (serotonergic transporter genotype; 5-HTTLPR), demographics, personality, self-reported inattentiveness, and course format. Results: Intent-to-treat analyses showed significantly larger improvements in OC than in controls on all outcomes. Treatment effects on self-reported outcomes were sustained after 3 months and were not related to age, gender, education, or course format. The dropout rate was only 6 %. Conclusions: The standardized OC program reduced stress and improved mental health for a period of 3 months. Further testing of the OC program for public mental health promotion and reduction of stress-related illnesses is therefore warranted. A larger implementation is in progress. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov.: NCT02140307. Registered May 14 2014.

KW - Attention

KW - Cortisol

KW - Meditation

KW - Mental health promotion

KW - Stress reduction

U2 - 10.1186/s12889-015-2588-2

DO - 10.1186/s12889-015-2588-2

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 26673225

AN - SCOPUS:84959340334

SN - 1471-2458

VL - 15

JO - BMC Public Health

JF - BMC Public Health

IS - 1

M1 - 1245

ER -

Open and Calm-A randomized controlled trial evaluating a public stress reduction program in Denmark Health behavior, health promotion and society

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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