TY - JOUR
T1 - Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the trigeminal vascular system and other brain structures related to pain in rats
AU - Ramachandran, Roshni
AU - Ploug, Kenneth Beri
AU - Hay-Schmidt, Anders
AU - Olesen, Jes
AU - Jansen-Olesen, Inger
AU - Gupta, Saurabh
N1 - 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
PY - 2010/11/5
Y1 - 2010/11/5
N2 - Nitric oxide (NO) is considered to be a key mediator in the pathophysiology of migraine but the localisation of NO synthesizing enzymes (NOS) throughout the pain pathways involved in migraine has not yet been fully investigated. We have used quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting to measure the respective levels of mRNA and protein for nNOS and eNOS in peripheral and central tissues involved in migraine pain: dura mater, pial arteries, trigeminal ganglion (TG) trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC), periaqueductal grey (PAG), thalamus, hypothalamus, cortex, pituitary gland, hippocampus and cerebellum. iNOS was excluded from the present study because it was not induced. In the trigeminal vascular system we found the highest expression of nNOS mRNA in pial arteries. However, protein expression of nNOS was maximum in TNC. Among other brain structures, nNOS mRNA and protein expression was remarkably higher in the cerebellum than in any other tissues. Regarding eNOS in the trigeminovascular system, the highest mRNA expression was found in pial arteries. In the other brain structures, eNOS mRNA expression was similar but with lowest mRNA concentration in the pituitary gland and the highest concentration in cortex. The same pattern of expression was also observed with the eNOS protein. In conclusion, we found both nNOS and eNOS located to areas relevant to migraine supporting the involvement of NO in migraine mechanisms.
AB - Nitric oxide (NO) is considered to be a key mediator in the pathophysiology of migraine but the localisation of NO synthesizing enzymes (NOS) throughout the pain pathways involved in migraine has not yet been fully investigated. We have used quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting to measure the respective levels of mRNA and protein for nNOS and eNOS in peripheral and central tissues involved in migraine pain: dura mater, pial arteries, trigeminal ganglion (TG) trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC), periaqueductal grey (PAG), thalamus, hypothalamus, cortex, pituitary gland, hippocampus and cerebellum. iNOS was excluded from the present study because it was not induced. In the trigeminal vascular system we found the highest expression of nNOS mRNA in pial arteries. However, protein expression of nNOS was maximum in TNC. Among other brain structures, nNOS mRNA and protein expression was remarkably higher in the cerebellum than in any other tissues. Regarding eNOS in the trigeminovascular system, the highest mRNA expression was found in pial arteries. In the other brain structures, eNOS mRNA expression was similar but with lowest mRNA concentration in the pituitary gland and the highest concentration in cortex. The same pattern of expression was also observed with the eNOS protein. In conclusion, we found both nNOS and eNOS located to areas relevant to migraine supporting the involvement of NO in migraine mechanisms.
KW - Animals
KW - Brain
KW - Cerebral Arteries
KW - Male
KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I
KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III
KW - Pain
KW - Pain Measurement
KW - Rats
KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
KW - Trigeminal Nerve
U2 - 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.08.050
DO - 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.08.050
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 20736047
SN - 0304-3940
VL - 484
SP - 192
EP - 196
JO - Neuroscience Letters
JF - Neuroscience Letters
IS - 3
ER -