National and sub-national exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its attributable burden of disease in Iran from 1990 to 2016

Mansour Shamsipour; Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand; Kimiya Gohari; Masud Yunesian; Akbar Fotouhi; Kazem Naddafi; Ali Sheidaei; Sasan Faridi; Ali Asghar Akhlaghi; Katayoun Rabiei; Parinaz Mehdipour; Mokhtar Mahdavi; Heresh Amini; Farshad Farzadfar

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113173

National and sub-national exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) and its attributable burden of disease in Iran from 1990 to 2016

Mansour Shamsipour, Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand, Kimiya Gohari, Masud Yunesian, Akbar Fotouhi, Kazem Naddafi, Ali Sheidaei, Sasan Faridi, Ali Asghar Akhlaghi, Katayoun Rabiei, Parinaz Mehdipour, Mokhtar Mahdavi, Heresh Amini, Farshad Farzadfar

20 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Ambient particulate matter is a public health concern. We aimed (1) to estimate national and provincial long-term exposure of Iranians to ambient particulate matter (PM) < 2.5 μm (PM_2.5) from 1990 to 2016, and (2) to estimate the national and provincial burden of disease attributable to PM_2.5 in Iran. We used all available ground measurements of PM < 10 μm (PM₁₀) (used to estimate PM_2.5) from 91 monitoring stations. We estimated the annual mean exposure to PM_2.5 for all Iranian population from 1990 to 2016 through a multi-stage modeling process. By applying comparative risk assessment methodology and using life table for years of life lost (YLL), we estimated the mortality and YLL attributable to PM_2.5 for five outcomes. The predicted provincial annual mean PM_2.5 concentrations range was between 21.7 μg/m³ (UI: 19.03–24.9) and 35.4 μg/m³ (UI: 31.4–39.4) from 1990 to 2016. We estimated in 2016, about 41,000 deaths (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 35634, 47014) and about 3,000,000 YLL (95% UI: 2632101, 3389342) attributable to the long-term exposure to PM_2.5 in Iran. Ischemic heart disease was the leading cause of mortality by 31,363 deaths (95% UI: 27520, 35258), followed by stroke (7012 (5999, 8062) deaths), lower respiratory infection (1210 (912, 1519) deaths), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (1019 (715, 1328) deaths), and lung cancer (668 (489, 848) deaths). In 2016, about 43% of all PM_2.5 related mortality in Iran was, respectively, in the following provinces: Tehran (12.6%), Isfahan (9.3%), Khorasan Razavi (8.0%), Fars (6.5%), and Khozestan (6.4%). In summary, we found that the majority of Iranians were exposed to the levels of ambient particulate matter exceeding the WHO guidelines from 1990 to 2016. Further, we found that there was an increasing trend of total mortality attributed to PM_2.5 in Iran from 1990 to 2016 where the slope was higher in western provinces.

Original language	English
Article number	113173
Journal	Environmental Pollution
Volume	255
Issue number	Part 1
Number of pages	10
ISSN	0269-7491
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113173
Publication status	Published - Dec 2019
Externally published	Yes

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Shamsipour, M., Hassanvand, M. S., Gohari, K., Yunesian, M., Fotouhi, A., Naddafi, K., Sheidaei, A., Faridi, S., Akhlaghi, A. A., Rabiei, K., Mehdipour, P., Mahdavi, M., Amini, H., & Farzadfar, F. (2019). National and sub-national exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) and its attributable burden of disease in Iran from 1990 to 2016. Environmental Pollution, 255(Part 1), Article 113173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113173

National and sub-national exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) and its attributable burden of disease in Iran from 1990 to 2016. / Shamsipour, Mansour; Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh; Gohari, Kimiya et al.
In: Environmental Pollution, Vol. 255, No. Part 1, 113173, 12.2019.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

Shamsipour, M, Hassanvand, MS, Gohari, K, Yunesian, M, Fotouhi, A, Naddafi, K, Sheidaei, A, Faridi, S, Akhlaghi, AA, Rabiei, K, Mehdipour, P, Mahdavi, M, Amini, H & Farzadfar, F 2019, 'National and sub-national exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) and its attributable burden of disease in Iran from 1990 to 2016', Environmental Pollution, vol. 255, no. Part 1, 113173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113173

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title = "National and sub-national exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its attributable burden of disease in Iran from 1990 to 2016",

abstract = "Ambient particulate matter is a public health concern. We aimed (1) to estimate national and provincial long-term exposure of Iranians to ambient particulate matter (PM) < 2.5 μm (PM2.5) from 1990 to 2016, and (2) to estimate the national and provincial burden of disease attributable to PM2.5 in Iran. We used all available ground measurements of PM < 10 μm (PM10) (used to estimate PM2.5) from 91 monitoring stations. We estimated the annual mean exposure to PM2.5 for all Iranian population from 1990 to 2016 through a multi-stage modeling process. By applying comparative risk assessment methodology and using life table for years of life lost (YLL), we estimated the mortality and YLL attributable to PM2.5 for five outcomes. The predicted provincial annual mean PM2.5 concentrations range was between 21.7 μg/m3 (UI: 19.03–24.9) and 35.4 μg/m3 (UI: 31.4–39.4) from 1990 to 2016. We estimated in 2016, about 41,000 deaths (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 35634, 47014) and about 3,000,000 YLL (95% UI: 2632101, 3389342) attributable to the long-term exposure to PM2.5 in Iran. Ischemic heart disease was the leading cause of mortality by 31,363 deaths (95% UI: 27520, 35258), followed by stroke (7012 (5999, 8062) deaths), lower respiratory infection (1210 (912, 1519) deaths), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (1019 (715, 1328) deaths), and lung cancer (668 (489, 848) deaths). In 2016, about 43% of all PM2.5 related mortality in Iran was, respectively, in the following provinces: Tehran (12.6%), Isfahan (9.3%), Khorasan Razavi (8.0%), Fars (6.5%), and Khozestan (6.4%). In summary, we found that the majority of Iranians were exposed to the levels of ambient particulate matter exceeding the WHO guidelines from 1990 to 2016. Further, we found that there was an increasing trend of total mortality attributed to PM2.5 in Iran from 1990 to 2016 where the slope was higher in western provinces.",

author = "Mansour Shamsipour and Hassanvand, {Mohammad Sadegh} and Kimiya Gohari and Masud Yunesian and Akbar Fotouhi and Kazem Naddafi and Ali Sheidaei and Sasan Faridi and Akhlaghi, {Ali Asghar} and Katayoun Rabiei and Parinaz Mehdipour and Mokhtar Mahdavi and Heresh Amini and Farshad Farzadfar",

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doi = "10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113173",

language = "English",

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T1 - National and sub-national exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its attributable burden of disease in Iran from 1990 to 2016

AU - Shamsipour, Mansour

AU - Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh

AU - Gohari, Kimiya

AU - Yunesian, Masud

AU - Fotouhi, Akbar

AU - Naddafi, Kazem

AU - Sheidaei, Ali

AU - Faridi, Sasan

AU - Akhlaghi, Ali Asghar

AU - Rabiei, Katayoun

AU - Mehdipour, Parinaz

AU - Mahdavi, Mokhtar

AU - Amini, Heresh

AU - Farzadfar, Farshad

PY - 2019/12

Y1 - 2019/12

N2 - Ambient particulate matter is a public health concern. We aimed (1) to estimate national and provincial long-term exposure of Iranians to ambient particulate matter (PM) < 2.5 μm (PM2.5) from 1990 to 2016, and (2) to estimate the national and provincial burden of disease attributable to PM2.5 in Iran. We used all available ground measurements of PM < 10 μm (PM10) (used to estimate PM2.5) from 91 monitoring stations. We estimated the annual mean exposure to PM2.5 for all Iranian population from 1990 to 2016 through a multi-stage modeling process. By applying comparative risk assessment methodology and using life table for years of life lost (YLL), we estimated the mortality and YLL attributable to PM2.5 for five outcomes. The predicted provincial annual mean PM2.5 concentrations range was between 21.7 μg/m3 (UI: 19.03–24.9) and 35.4 μg/m3 (UI: 31.4–39.4) from 1990 to 2016. We estimated in 2016, about 41,000 deaths (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 35634, 47014) and about 3,000,000 YLL (95% UI: 2632101, 3389342) attributable to the long-term exposure to PM2.5 in Iran. Ischemic heart disease was the leading cause of mortality by 31,363 deaths (95% UI: 27520, 35258), followed by stroke (7012 (5999, 8062) deaths), lower respiratory infection (1210 (912, 1519) deaths), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (1019 (715, 1328) deaths), and lung cancer (668 (489, 848) deaths). In 2016, about 43% of all PM2.5 related mortality in Iran was, respectively, in the following provinces: Tehran (12.6%), Isfahan (9.3%), Khorasan Razavi (8.0%), Fars (6.5%), and Khozestan (6.4%). In summary, we found that the majority of Iranians were exposed to the levels of ambient particulate matter exceeding the WHO guidelines from 1990 to 2016. Further, we found that there was an increasing trend of total mortality attributed to PM2.5 in Iran from 1990 to 2016 where the slope was higher in western provinces.

AB - Ambient particulate matter is a public health concern. We aimed (1) to estimate national and provincial long-term exposure of Iranians to ambient particulate matter (PM) < 2.5 μm (PM2.5) from 1990 to 2016, and (2) to estimate the national and provincial burden of disease attributable to PM2.5 in Iran. We used all available ground measurements of PM < 10 μm (PM10) (used to estimate PM2.5) from 91 monitoring stations. We estimated the annual mean exposure to PM2.5 for all Iranian population from 1990 to 2016 through a multi-stage modeling process. By applying comparative risk assessment methodology and using life table for years of life lost (YLL), we estimated the mortality and YLL attributable to PM2.5 for five outcomes. The predicted provincial annual mean PM2.5 concentrations range was between 21.7 μg/m3 (UI: 19.03–24.9) and 35.4 μg/m3 (UI: 31.4–39.4) from 1990 to 2016. We estimated in 2016, about 41,000 deaths (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 35634, 47014) and about 3,000,000 YLL (95% UI: 2632101, 3389342) attributable to the long-term exposure to PM2.5 in Iran. Ischemic heart disease was the leading cause of mortality by 31,363 deaths (95% UI: 27520, 35258), followed by stroke (7012 (5999, 8062) deaths), lower respiratory infection (1210 (912, 1519) deaths), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (1019 (715, 1328) deaths), and lung cancer (668 (489, 848) deaths). In 2016, about 43% of all PM2.5 related mortality in Iran was, respectively, in the following provinces: Tehran (12.6%), Isfahan (9.3%), Khorasan Razavi (8.0%), Fars (6.5%), and Khozestan (6.4%). In summary, we found that the majority of Iranians were exposed to the levels of ambient particulate matter exceeding the WHO guidelines from 1990 to 2016. Further, we found that there was an increasing trend of total mortality attributed to PM2.5 in Iran from 1990 to 2016 where the slope was higher in western provinces.

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DO - 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113173

M3 - Journal article

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