MicroRNAs as regulators of beta-cell function and dysfunction

Mirwais Osmai; Yama Osmai; Claus Heiner Bang-Berthelsen; Emil Marek Heymans Pallesen; Anna Lindeløv Vestergaard; Guy Wayne Novotny; Flemming Pociot; Thomas Mandrup-Poulsen

doi:10.1002/dmrr.2719

MicroRNAs as regulators of beta-cell function and dysfunction

Mirwais Osmai, Yama Osmai, Claus Heiner Bang-Berthelsen, Emil Marek Heymans Pallesen, Anna Lindeløv Vestergaard, Guy Wayne Novotny, Flemming Pociot, Thomas Mandrup-Poulsen

44 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

In the last decade, there has been an explosion in both the number of and knowledge about miRNAs associated with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Even though we are presently in the initial stages of understanding how this novel class of posttranscriptional regulators are involved in diabetes, recent studies have demonstrated that miRNAs are important regulators of the islet transcriptome, controlling apoptosis, differentiation and proliferation, as well as regulating unique islet and beta-cell functions and pathways such as insulin expression, processing and secretion. Furthermore, a large number of miRNAs have been linked to diabetogenic processes induced by elevated levels of glucose, free fatty acids and inflammatory cytokines. Thus, miRNAs are novel therapeutic targets with the potential of protecting the beta-cell, and there is proof of principle that miRNA antagonists, so-called antagomirs, are effective in vivo for other disorders. miRNAs are exported out of cells in exosomes, raising the intriguing possibility of cell-to-cell communication between distant tissues via miRNAs and that miRNAs can be used as biomarkers of beta-cell function, mass and survival. The purpose of this review is to provide a status on how miRNAs control beta-cell function and viability in health and disease.

Original language	English
Journal	Diabetes - Metabolism: Research and Reviews (Print Edition)
Volume	32
Issue number	4
Pages (from-to)	334–349
Number of pages	16
ISSN	1520-7552
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.2719
Publication status	Published - 1 May 2016

Keywords

Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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dmrr.2719Final published version, 498 KB

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title = "MicroRNAs as regulators of beta-cell function and dysfunction",

abstract = "In the last decade, there has been an explosion in both the number of and knowledge about miRNAs associated with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Even though we are presently in the initial stages of understanding how this novel class of posttranscriptional regulators are involved in diabetes, recent studies have demonstrated that miRNAs are important regulators of the islet transcriptome, controlling apoptosis, differentiation and proliferation, as well as regulating unique islet and beta-cell functions and pathways such as insulin expression, processing and secretion. Furthermore, a large number of miRNAs have been linked to diabetogenic processes induced by elevated levels of glucose, free fatty acids and inflammatory cytokines. Thus, miRNAs are novel therapeutic targets with the potential of protecting the beta-cell, and there is proof of principle that miRNA antagonists, so-called antagomirs, are effective in vivo for other disorders. miRNAs are exported out of cells in exosomes, raising the intriguing possibility of cell-to-cell communication between distant tissues via miRNAs and that miRNAs can be used as biomarkers of beta-cell function, mass and survival. The purpose of this review is to provide a status on how miRNAs control beta-cell function and viability in health and disease.",

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author = "Mirwais Osmai and Yama Osmai and Bang-Berthelsen, {Claus Heiner} and Pallesen, {Emil Marek Heymans} and Vestergaard, {Anna Lindel{\o}v} and Novotny, {Guy Wayne} and Flemming Pociot and Thomas Mandrup-Poulsen",

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AU - Osmai, Mirwais

AU - Osmai, Yama

AU - Bang-Berthelsen, Claus Heiner

AU - Pallesen, Emil Marek Heymans

AU - Vestergaard, Anna Lindeløv

AU - Novotny, Guy Wayne

AU - Pociot, Flemming

AU - Mandrup-Poulsen, Thomas

PY - 2016/5/1

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N2 - In the last decade, there has been an explosion in both the number of and knowledge about miRNAs associated with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Even though we are presently in the initial stages of understanding how this novel class of posttranscriptional regulators are involved in diabetes, recent studies have demonstrated that miRNAs are important regulators of the islet transcriptome, controlling apoptosis, differentiation and proliferation, as well as regulating unique islet and beta-cell functions and pathways such as insulin expression, processing and secretion. Furthermore, a large number of miRNAs have been linked to diabetogenic processes induced by elevated levels of glucose, free fatty acids and inflammatory cytokines. Thus, miRNAs are novel therapeutic targets with the potential of protecting the beta-cell, and there is proof of principle that miRNA antagonists, so-called antagomirs, are effective in vivo for other disorders. miRNAs are exported out of cells in exosomes, raising the intriguing possibility of cell-to-cell communication between distant tissues via miRNAs and that miRNAs can be used as biomarkers of beta-cell function, mass and survival. The purpose of this review is to provide a status on how miRNAs control beta-cell function and viability in health and disease.

AB - In the last decade, there has been an explosion in both the number of and knowledge about miRNAs associated with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Even though we are presently in the initial stages of understanding how this novel class of posttranscriptional regulators are involved in diabetes, recent studies have demonstrated that miRNAs are important regulators of the islet transcriptome, controlling apoptosis, differentiation and proliferation, as well as regulating unique islet and beta-cell functions and pathways such as insulin expression, processing and secretion. Furthermore, a large number of miRNAs have been linked to diabetogenic processes induced by elevated levels of glucose, free fatty acids and inflammatory cytokines. Thus, miRNAs are novel therapeutic targets with the potential of protecting the beta-cell, and there is proof of principle that miRNA antagonists, so-called antagomirs, are effective in vivo for other disorders. miRNAs are exported out of cells in exosomes, raising the intriguing possibility of cell-to-cell communication between distant tissues via miRNAs and that miRNAs can be used as biomarkers of beta-cell function, mass and survival. The purpose of this review is to provide a status on how miRNAs control beta-cell function and viability in health and disease.

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KW - apoptosis

KW - Islets of Langerhans

KW - Insulin

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JO - Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews

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MicroRNAs as regulators of beta-cell function and dysfunction

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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