Maternal glycemic index and glycemic load in pregnancy and offspring metabolic health in childhood and adolescence-a cohort study of 68,471 mother-offspring dyads from the Danish National Birth Cohort

Ekaterina Maslova; Susanne Hansen; Louise Groth Grunnet; Marin Strøm; Anne Ahrendt Bjerregaard; Line Hjort; Freja Bach Kampmann; Camilla Møller Madsen; A C Baun Thuesen; Bodil Hammer Bech; Thorhallur I Halldorsson; Allan A Vaag; Cuilin Zhang; Sjurdur F Olsen

doi:10.1038/s41430-018-0316-6

Maternal glycemic index and glycemic load in pregnancy and offspring metabolic health in childhood and adolescence-a cohort study of 68,471 mother-offspring dyads from the Danish National Birth Cohort

Ekaterina Maslova, Susanne Hansen, Louise Groth Grunnet, Marin Strøm, Anne Ahrendt Bjerregaard, Line Hjort, Freja Bach Kampmann, Camilla Møller Madsen, A C Baun Thuesen, Bodil Hammer Bech, Thorhallur I Halldorsson, Allan A Vaag, Cuilin Zhang, Sjurdur F Olsen

5 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

BACKGROUND: High glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) as indicators of carbohydrate quality and quantity have been found to increase risk of metabolic outcomes in adults. Whether carbohydrate quality may influence metabolic programming already in early life is unknown. We examined the association of maternal GI and GL with offspring body mass index (BMI) in the first 7 years of life among 68,471 mother-offspring dyads from the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC). In a sub-cohort of offspring with clinical data (n = 1234) that included 608 dyads exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), we also examined the relation to metabolic health at 9-16 years.

METHODS: Maternal GI and GL were quantified using a mid-pregnancy food frequency questionnaire. We used birth weight and length to calculate offspring's ponderal index. Age- and sex-specific BMI z scores at 5 mo, 12 mo, and 7 y were standardized against WHO reference data. In the clinical cohort, we quantified body composition, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-B. We used multivariable mixed linear and Poisson regression to model the associations.

RESULTS: Median (IQR) of GI and GL were 83 (63-111) and 241 (180-333) g/day, respectively. We found that GI (Q4 vs. Q1:1.09, 95%CI: 1.03, 1.15) and GL (Q4 vs. Q1:1.10, 95%CI: 1.05, 1.16) modestly increased the relative risk of large-for gestational age (LGA). In the clinical sub-cohort, we observed a potential increase in offspring HOMA-IR, adiposity, and metabolic syndrome z score with higher maternal GI and GI. These associations were stronger among the GDM-exposed offspring, but the CI included the null value.

CONCLUSION: We found associations of GI and GL in pregnancy with offspring LGA. Potential long-term benefits to offspring exposed to GDM need to be confirmed in larger, well-powered studies.

Original language	English
Journal	European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Number of pages	14
ISSN	0954-3007
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-018-0316-6
Publication status	Published - 1 Jul 2019
Externally published	Yes

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10.1038/s41430-018-0316-6

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Maslova, E., Hansen, S., Grunnet, L. G., Strøm, M., Bjerregaard, A. A., Hjort, L., Kampmann, F. B., Madsen, C. M., Thuesen, A. C. B., Bech, B. H., Halldorsson, T. I., Vaag, A. A., Zhang, C., & Olsen, S. F. (2019). Maternal glycemic index and glycemic load in pregnancy and offspring metabolic health in childhood and adolescence-a cohort study of 68,471 mother-offspring dyads from the Danish National Birth Cohort. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-018-0316-6

Maternal glycemic index and glycemic load in pregnancy and offspring metabolic health in childhood and adolescence-a cohort study of 68,471 mother-offspring dyads from the Danish National Birth Cohort. / Maslova, Ekaterina; Hansen, Susanne; Grunnet, Louise Groth et al.
In: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 01.07.2019.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

Maslova, E, Hansen, S, Grunnet, LG, Strøm, M, Bjerregaard, AA, Hjort, L, Kampmann, FB, Madsen, CM, Thuesen, ACB, Bech, BH, Halldorsson, TI, Vaag, AA, Zhang, C & Olsen, SF 2019, 'Maternal glycemic index and glycemic load in pregnancy and offspring metabolic health in childhood and adolescence-a cohort study of 68,471 mother-offspring dyads from the Danish National Birth Cohort', European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-018-0316-6

Maslova E, Hansen S, Grunnet LG, Strøm M, Bjerregaard AA, Hjort L et al. Maternal glycemic index and glycemic load in pregnancy and offspring metabolic health in childhood and adolescence-a cohort study of 68,471 mother-offspring dyads from the Danish National Birth Cohort. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2019 Jul 1. Epub 2018 Sept 24. doi: 10.1038/s41430-018-0316-6

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title = "Maternal glycemic index and glycemic load in pregnancy and offspring metabolic health in childhood and adolescence-a cohort study of 68,471 mother-offspring dyads from the Danish National Birth Cohort",

abstract = "BACKGROUND: High glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) as indicators of carbohydrate quality and quantity have been found to increase risk of metabolic outcomes in adults. Whether carbohydrate quality may influence metabolic programming already in early life is unknown. We examined the association of maternal GI and GL with offspring body mass index (BMI) in the first 7 years of life among 68,471 mother-offspring dyads from the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC). In a sub-cohort of offspring with clinical data (n = 1234) that included 608 dyads exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), we also examined the relation to metabolic health at 9-16 years.METHODS: Maternal GI and GL were quantified using a mid-pregnancy food frequency questionnaire. We used birth weight and length to calculate offspring's ponderal index. Age- and sex-specific BMI z scores at 5 mo, 12 mo, and 7 y were standardized against WHO reference data. In the clinical cohort, we quantified body composition, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-B. We used multivariable mixed linear and Poisson regression to model the associations.RESULTS: Median (IQR) of GI and GL were 83 (63-111) and 241 (180-333) g/day, respectively. We found that GI (Q4 vs. Q1:1.09, 95%CI: 1.03, 1.15) and GL (Q4 vs. Q1:1.10, 95%CI: 1.05, 1.16) modestly increased the relative risk of large-for gestational age (LGA). In the clinical sub-cohort, we observed a potential increase in offspring HOMA-IR, adiposity, and metabolic syndrome z score with higher maternal GI and GI. These associations were stronger among the GDM-exposed offspring, but the CI included the null value.CONCLUSION: We found associations of GI and GL in pregnancy with offspring LGA. Potential long-term benefits to offspring exposed to GDM need to be confirmed in larger, well-powered studies.",

author = "Ekaterina Maslova and Susanne Hansen and Grunnet, {Louise Groth} and Marin Str{\o}m and Bjerregaard, {Anne Ahrendt} and Line Hjort and Kampmann, {Freja Bach} and Madsen, {Camilla M{\o}ller} and Thuesen, {A C Baun} and Bech, {Bodil Hammer} and Halldorsson, {Thorhallur I} and Vaag, {Allan A} and Cuilin Zhang and Olsen, {Sjurdur F}",

year = "2019",

month = jul,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1038/s41430-018-0316-6",

language = "English",

journal = "European Journal of Clinical Nutrition",

issn = "0954-3007",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Maternal glycemic index and glycemic load in pregnancy and offspring metabolic health in childhood and adolescence-a cohort study of 68,471 mother-offspring dyads from the Danish National Birth Cohort

AU - Maslova, Ekaterina

AU - Hansen, Susanne

AU - Grunnet, Louise Groth

AU - Strøm, Marin

AU - Bjerregaard, Anne Ahrendt

AU - Hjort, Line

AU - Kampmann, Freja Bach

AU - Madsen, Camilla Møller

AU - Thuesen, A C Baun

AU - Bech, Bodil Hammer

AU - Halldorsson, Thorhallur I

AU - Vaag, Allan A

AU - Zhang, Cuilin

AU - Olsen, Sjurdur F

PY - 2019/7/1

Y1 - 2019/7/1

N2 - BACKGROUND: High glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) as indicators of carbohydrate quality and quantity have been found to increase risk of metabolic outcomes in adults. Whether carbohydrate quality may influence metabolic programming already in early life is unknown. We examined the association of maternal GI and GL with offspring body mass index (BMI) in the first 7 years of life among 68,471 mother-offspring dyads from the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC). In a sub-cohort of offspring with clinical data (n = 1234) that included 608 dyads exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), we also examined the relation to metabolic health at 9-16 years.METHODS: Maternal GI and GL were quantified using a mid-pregnancy food frequency questionnaire. We used birth weight and length to calculate offspring's ponderal index. Age- and sex-specific BMI z scores at 5 mo, 12 mo, and 7 y were standardized against WHO reference data. In the clinical cohort, we quantified body composition, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-B. We used multivariable mixed linear and Poisson regression to model the associations.RESULTS: Median (IQR) of GI and GL were 83 (63-111) and 241 (180-333) g/day, respectively. We found that GI (Q4 vs. Q1:1.09, 95%CI: 1.03, 1.15) and GL (Q4 vs. Q1:1.10, 95%CI: 1.05, 1.16) modestly increased the relative risk of large-for gestational age (LGA). In the clinical sub-cohort, we observed a potential increase in offspring HOMA-IR, adiposity, and metabolic syndrome z score with higher maternal GI and GI. These associations were stronger among the GDM-exposed offspring, but the CI included the null value.CONCLUSION: We found associations of GI and GL in pregnancy with offspring LGA. Potential long-term benefits to offspring exposed to GDM need to be confirmed in larger, well-powered studies.

AB - BACKGROUND: High glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) as indicators of carbohydrate quality and quantity have been found to increase risk of metabolic outcomes in adults. Whether carbohydrate quality may influence metabolic programming already in early life is unknown. We examined the association of maternal GI and GL with offspring body mass index (BMI) in the first 7 years of life among 68,471 mother-offspring dyads from the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC). In a sub-cohort of offspring with clinical data (n = 1234) that included 608 dyads exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), we also examined the relation to metabolic health at 9-16 years.METHODS: Maternal GI and GL were quantified using a mid-pregnancy food frequency questionnaire. We used birth weight and length to calculate offspring's ponderal index. Age- and sex-specific BMI z scores at 5 mo, 12 mo, and 7 y were standardized against WHO reference data. In the clinical cohort, we quantified body composition, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-B. We used multivariable mixed linear and Poisson regression to model the associations.RESULTS: Median (IQR) of GI and GL were 83 (63-111) and 241 (180-333) g/day, respectively. We found that GI (Q4 vs. Q1:1.09, 95%CI: 1.03, 1.15) and GL (Q4 vs. Q1:1.10, 95%CI: 1.05, 1.16) modestly increased the relative risk of large-for gestational age (LGA). In the clinical sub-cohort, we observed a potential increase in offspring HOMA-IR, adiposity, and metabolic syndrome z score with higher maternal GI and GI. These associations were stronger among the GDM-exposed offspring, but the CI included the null value.CONCLUSION: We found associations of GI and GL in pregnancy with offspring LGA. Potential long-term benefits to offspring exposed to GDM need to be confirmed in larger, well-powered studies.

U2 - 10.1038/s41430-018-0316-6

DO - 10.1038/s41430-018-0316-6

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 30250133

SN - 0954-3007

JO - European Journal of Clinical Nutrition

JF - European Journal of Clinical Nutrition

ER -

Maternal glycemic index and glycemic load in pregnancy and offspring metabolic health in childhood and adolescence-a cohort study of 68,471 mother-offspring dyads from the Danish National Birth Cohort

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