Mapping clusters of chikungunya and dengue transmission in northern Tanzania using disease exposure and vector data

Debora C. Kajeguka; Robert D. Kaaya; Rachelle Desrochers; Mahmood Iranpour; Reginald A. Kavishe; Steven Mwakalinga; Karin L. Schiøler; Michael Alifrangis; L. Robbin Lindsay; Antonia Dibernardo; Franklin W. Mosha; Manisha A. Kulkarni

doi:10.4314/thrb.v19i4.1

Mapping clusters of chikungunya and dengue transmission in northern Tanzania using disease exposure and vector data

Debora C. Kajeguka^*, Robert D. Kaaya, Rachelle Desrochers, Mahmood Iranpour, Reginald A. Kavishe, Steven Mwakalinga, Karin L. Schiøler, Michael Alifrangis, L. Robbin Lindsay, Antonia Dibernardo, Franklin W. Mosha, Manisha A. Kulkarni

^*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

Background: Dengue and chikungunya are mosquito-borne viral diseases that are of public health importance throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Seasonal variations in transmission of these viruses have been suggested owing to the ecology of their mosquito vectors. However, little is known about the epidemiology of the diseases Tanzania. To address this gap, seasonal community-based cross-sectional surveys were undertaken to identify potential clusters of transmission in Hai district in northern Tanzania.

Methods: Epidemiological and entomological data from two cross-sectional surveys were used to examine the spatial pattern of dengue and chikungunya transmission. Six villages namely, Boma Ng’ombe, Magadini, Rundugai, Nshara and Kware were involved in the study. Serological measures of dengue and chikungunya virus infections were derived using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and all participants were geo-referenced to the household level using a global positioning system. Potential clusters of individual exposed to dengue and chikungunya virus, as wel_l as clusters of Aedes mosquitoes in the wet and dry seasons were detected using SaTScan. All significant clusters (with p≤0.05) were mapped using ArcGIS.

Results: A large, widely dispersed cluster of chikungunya exposed individuals was detected spanning Rundugai and parts of Magadini villages (RR = 2.58, p= 0.01), while no significant clustering was observed in the dry season. Spatial clusters of Aedes aegypti were detected in Rundugai in both the wet and dry seasons (RR = 2.56, p< 0.001 and RR = 2.24, p=0.05, respectively). In the dry season a small cluster was also detected in Kware (RR = 2.25, p=0.05). No significant clusters of dengue were detected in both seasons.

Conclusion: Clusters of chikungunya-exposed individuals and Aedes mosquitoes indicate on-going transmission of chikungunya virus in Hai district of northern Tanzania.

Original language	English
Journal	Tanzania Journal of Health Research
Volume	19
Issue number	4
Number of pages	12
ISSN	1821-6404
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.4314/thrb.v19i4.1
Publication status	Published - Oct 2017

Keywords

Chikungunya
Clusters
Dengue
Spatial
Tanzania
Vector data

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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Mapping clusters of chikungunya and dengue transmission in northern Tanzania using disease exposure and vector dataFinal published version, 667 KBLicence: Unspecified

Cite this

Kajeguka, D. C., Kaaya, R. D., Desrochers, R., Iranpour, M., Kavishe, R. A., Mwakalinga, S., Schiøler, K. L., Alifrangis, M., Lindsay, L. R., Dibernardo, A., Mosha, F. W., & Kulkarni, M. A. (2017). Mapping clusters of chikungunya and dengue transmission in northern Tanzania using disease exposure and vector data. Tanzania Journal of Health Research, 19(4). https://doi.org/10.4314/thrb.v19i4.1

Kajeguka, DC, Kaaya, RD, Desrochers, R, Iranpour, M, Kavishe, RA, Mwakalinga, S, Schiøler, KL , Alifrangis, M, Lindsay, LR, Dibernardo, A, Mosha, FW & Kulkarni, MA 2017, 'Mapping clusters of chikungunya and dengue transmission in northern Tanzania using disease exposure and vector data', Tanzania Journal of Health Research, vol. 19, no. 4. https://doi.org/10.4314/thrb.v19i4.1

@article{bedc23b10b99495ca091dbaee4dd6094,

title = "Mapping clusters of chikungunya and dengue transmission in northern Tanzania using disease exposure and vector data",

abstract = "Background: Dengue and chikungunya are mosquito-borne viral diseases that are of public health importance throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Seasonal variations in transmission of these viruses have been suggested owing to the ecology of their mosquito vectors. However, little is known about the epidemiology of the diseases Tanzania. To address this gap, seasonal community-based cross-sectional surveys were undertaken to identify potential clusters of transmission in Hai district in northern Tanzania. Methods: Epidemiological and entomological data from two cross-sectional surveys were used to examine the spatial pattern of dengue and chikungunya transmission. Six villages namely, Boma Ng{\textquoteright}ombe, Magadini, Rundugai, Nshara and Kware were involved in the study. Serological measures of dengue and chikungunya virus infections were derived using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and all participants were geo-referenced to the household level using a global positioning system. Potential clusters of individual exposed to dengue and chikungunya virus, as well as clusters of Aedes mosquitoes in the wet and dry seasons were detected using SaTScan. All significant clusters (with p≤0.05) were mapped using ArcGIS. Results: A large, widely dispersed cluster of chikungunya exposed individuals was detected spanning Rundugai and parts of Magadini villages (RR = 2.58, p= 0.01), while no significant clustering was observed in the dry season. Spatial clusters of Aedes aegypti were detected in Rundugai in both the wet and dry seasons (RR = 2.56, p< 0.001 and RR = 2.24, p=0.05, respectively). In the dry season a small cluster was also detected in Kware (RR = 2.25, p=0.05). No significant clusters of dengue were detected in both seasons. Conclusion: Clusters of chikungunya-exposed individuals and Aedes mosquitoes indicate on-going transmission of chikungunya virus in Hai district of northern Tanzania.",

keywords = "Chikungunya, Clusters, Dengue, Spatial, Tanzania, Vector data",

author = "Kajeguka, {Debora C.} and Kaaya, {Robert D.} and Rachelle Desrochers and Mahmood Iranpour and Kavishe, {Reginald A.} and Steven Mwakalinga and Schi{\o}ler, {Karin L.} and Michael Alifrangis and Lindsay, {L. Robbin} and Antonia Dibernardo and Mosha, {Franklin W.} and Kulkarni, {Manisha A.}",

year = "2017",

month = oct,

doi = "10.4314/thrb.v19i4.1",

language = "English",

volume = "19",

journal = "Tanzania Journal of Health Research",

issn = "1821-6404",

publisher = "Tanzania Health Users' Trust Fund",

number = "4",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Mapping clusters of chikungunya and dengue transmission in northern Tanzania using disease exposure and vector data

AU - Kajeguka, Debora C.

AU - Kaaya, Robert D.

AU - Desrochers, Rachelle

AU - Iranpour, Mahmood

AU - Kavishe, Reginald A.

AU - Mwakalinga, Steven

AU - Schiøler, Karin L.

AU - Alifrangis, Michael

AU - Lindsay, L. Robbin

AU - Dibernardo, Antonia

AU - Mosha, Franklin W.

AU - Kulkarni, Manisha A.

PY - 2017/10

Y1 - 2017/10

N2 - Background: Dengue and chikungunya are mosquito-borne viral diseases that are of public health importance throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Seasonal variations in transmission of these viruses have been suggested owing to the ecology of their mosquito vectors. However, little is known about the epidemiology of the diseases Tanzania. To address this gap, seasonal community-based cross-sectional surveys were undertaken to identify potential clusters of transmission in Hai district in northern Tanzania. Methods: Epidemiological and entomological data from two cross-sectional surveys were used to examine the spatial pattern of dengue and chikungunya transmission. Six villages namely, Boma Ng’ombe, Magadini, Rundugai, Nshara and Kware were involved in the study. Serological measures of dengue and chikungunya virus infections were derived using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and all participants were geo-referenced to the household level using a global positioning system. Potential clusters of individual exposed to dengue and chikungunya virus, as well as clusters of Aedes mosquitoes in the wet and dry seasons were detected using SaTScan. All significant clusters (with p≤0.05) were mapped using ArcGIS. Results: A large, widely dispersed cluster of chikungunya exposed individuals was detected spanning Rundugai and parts of Magadini villages (RR = 2.58, p= 0.01), while no significant clustering was observed in the dry season. Spatial clusters of Aedes aegypti were detected in Rundugai in both the wet and dry seasons (RR = 2.56, p< 0.001 and RR = 2.24, p=0.05, respectively). In the dry season a small cluster was also detected in Kware (RR = 2.25, p=0.05). No significant clusters of dengue were detected in both seasons. Conclusion: Clusters of chikungunya-exposed individuals and Aedes mosquitoes indicate on-going transmission of chikungunya virus in Hai district of northern Tanzania.

AB - Background: Dengue and chikungunya are mosquito-borne viral diseases that are of public health importance throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Seasonal variations in transmission of these viruses have been suggested owing to the ecology of their mosquito vectors. However, little is known about the epidemiology of the diseases Tanzania. To address this gap, seasonal community-based cross-sectional surveys were undertaken to identify potential clusters of transmission in Hai district in northern Tanzania. Methods: Epidemiological and entomological data from two cross-sectional surveys were used to examine the spatial pattern of dengue and chikungunya transmission. Six villages namely, Boma Ng’ombe, Magadini, Rundugai, Nshara and Kware were involved in the study. Serological measures of dengue and chikungunya virus infections were derived using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and all participants were geo-referenced to the household level using a global positioning system. Potential clusters of individual exposed to dengue and chikungunya virus, as well as clusters of Aedes mosquitoes in the wet and dry seasons were detected using SaTScan. All significant clusters (with p≤0.05) were mapped using ArcGIS. Results: A large, widely dispersed cluster of chikungunya exposed individuals was detected spanning Rundugai and parts of Magadini villages (RR = 2.58, p= 0.01), while no significant clustering was observed in the dry season. Spatial clusters of Aedes aegypti were detected in Rundugai in both the wet and dry seasons (RR = 2.56, p< 0.001 and RR = 2.24, p=0.05, respectively). In the dry season a small cluster was also detected in Kware (RR = 2.25, p=0.05). No significant clusters of dengue were detected in both seasons. Conclusion: Clusters of chikungunya-exposed individuals and Aedes mosquitoes indicate on-going transmission of chikungunya virus in Hai district of northern Tanzania.

KW - Chikungunya

KW - Clusters

KW - Dengue

KW - Spatial

KW - Tanzania

KW - Vector data

U2 - 10.4314/thrb.v19i4.1

DO - 10.4314/thrb.v19i4.1

M3 - Journal article

AN - SCOPUS:85034845118

SN - 1821-6404

VL - 19

JO - Tanzania Journal of Health Research

JF - Tanzania Journal of Health Research

IS - 4

ER -

Mapping clusters of chikungunya and dengue transmission in northern Tanzania using disease exposure and vector data

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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