Low density parasitaemia, red blood cell polymorphisms and Plasmodium falciparum specific immune responses in a low endemic area in northern Tanzania

Seif Shekalaghe; Michael Alifrangis; Charles Mwanziva; Anders Enevold; Steven Boniface Mwakalinga; Humphrey Mkali; Reginald Kavishe; Alphaxard Manjurano; Robert Sauerwein; Chris Drakeley; Teun Bousema

doi:10.1186/1471-2334-9-69

Low density parasitaemia, red blood cell polymorphisms and Plasmodium falciparum specific immune responses in a low endemic area in northern Tanzania

Seif Shekalaghe, Michael Alifrangis, Charles Mwanziva, Anders Enevold, Steven Boniface Mwakalinga, Humphrey Mkali, Reginald Kavishe, Alphaxard Manjurano, Robert Sauerwein, Chris Drakeley, Teun Bousema

37 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Low density Plasmodium falciparum infections, below the microscopic detection limit, may play an important role in maintaining malaria transmission in low endemic areas as well as contribute to the maintenance of acquired immunity. Little is known about factors influencing the occurrence of sub-microscopic parasitaemia or the relation with immune responses.We investigated possible associations between the occurrence of sub-microscopic P. falciparum parasite carriage and antibody responses to the asexual stage antigens, G6PD deficiency and alpha+-thalassaemia in 464 subjects from a low endemic area in northern Tanzania. METHODS: We used samples collected from two cross sectional surveys conducted during dry and wet season in 2005. Submicroscopic parasitaemia was detected by using quantitative nucleic acid sequence based amplification (QT-NASBA). Genotyping for G6PD and alpha+-thalassaemia were performed by high throughput PCR; the prevalence and level of total IgG antibodies against MSP-1, MSP-2 and AMA-1 were determined by ELISA. RESULTS: Compared to parasite free individuals, individuals carrying sub-microscopic densities of P. falciparum parasites had significantly higher median antibody levels to MSP-1 (p = 0.042) and MSP-2 (p = 0.034) but not to AMA-1 (p = 0.14) while no clear relation between sub-microscopic parasite carriage and G6PD deficiency or alpha+-thalassaemia was observed. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest a role for sub-microscopic parasite densities in eliciting or maintaining humoral immune responses without evidence for a modulating effect of G6PD deficiency or alpha+-thalassaemia.

Original language	English
Journal	BMC Infectious Diseases
Volume	9
Pages (from-to)	69
ISSN	1471-2334
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-9-69
Publication status	Published - 2009

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1186/1471-2334-9-69

Cite this

Shekalaghe, S., Alifrangis, M., Mwanziva, C., Enevold, A., Mwakalinga, S. B., Mkali, H., Kavishe, R., Manjurano, A., Sauerwein, R., Drakeley, C., & Bousema, T. (2009). Low density parasitaemia, red blood cell polymorphisms and Plasmodium falciparum specific immune responses in a low endemic area in northern Tanzania. BMC Infectious Diseases, 9, 69. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-9-69

Shekalaghe, S, Alifrangis, M, Mwanziva, C, Enevold, A, Mwakalinga, SB, Mkali, H, Kavishe, R, Manjurano, A, Sauerwein, R, Drakeley, C & Bousema, T 2009, 'Low density parasitaemia, red blood cell polymorphisms and Plasmodium falciparum specific immune responses in a low endemic area in northern Tanzania', BMC Infectious Diseases, vol. 9, pp. 69. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-9-69

@article{9a22343064b311de8bc9000ea68e967b,

title = "Low density parasitaemia, red blood cell polymorphisms and Plasmodium falciparum specific immune responses in a low endemic area in northern Tanzania",

abstract = "BACKGROUND: Low density Plasmodium falciparum infections, below the microscopic detection limit, may play an important role in maintaining malaria transmission in low endemic areas as well as contribute to the maintenance of acquired immunity. Little is known about factors influencing the occurrence of sub-microscopic parasitaemia or the relation with immune responses.We investigated possible associations between the occurrence of sub-microscopic P. falciparum parasite carriage and antibody responses to the asexual stage antigens, G6PD deficiency and alpha+-thalassaemia in 464 subjects from a low endemic area in northern Tanzania. METHODS: We used samples collected from two cross sectional surveys conducted during dry and wet season in 2005. Submicroscopic parasitaemia was detected by using quantitative nucleic acid sequence based amplification (QT-NASBA). Genotyping for G6PD and alpha+-thalassaemia were performed by high throughput PCR; the prevalence and level of total IgG antibodies against MSP-1, MSP-2 and AMA-1 were determined by ELISA. RESULTS: Compared to parasite free individuals, individuals carrying sub-microscopic densities of P. falciparum parasites had significantly higher median antibody levels to MSP-1 (p = 0.042) and MSP-2 (p = 0.034) but not to AMA-1 (p = 0.14) while no clear relation between sub-microscopic parasite carriage and G6PD deficiency or alpha+-thalassaemia was observed. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest a role for sub-microscopic parasite densities in eliciting or maintaining humoral immune responses without evidence for a modulating effect of G6PD deficiency or alpha+-thalassaemia.",

author = "Seif Shekalaghe and Michael Alifrangis and Charles Mwanziva and Anders Enevold and Mwakalinga, {Steven Boniface} and Humphrey Mkali and Reginald Kavishe and Alphaxard Manjurano and Robert Sauerwein and Chris Drakeley and Teun Bousema",

note = "Keywords: Animals; Antibodies, Protozoan; Antigens, Protozoan; Carrier State; Chi-Square Distribution; Cross-Sectional Studies; Endemic Diseases; Erythrocytes; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Humans; Malaria, Falciparum; Membrane Proteins; Merozoite Surface Protein 1; Parasitemia; Plasmodium falciparum; Prevalence; Protozoan Proteins; Questionnaires; Self-Sustained Sequence Replication; Statistics, Nonparametric; Tanzania; alpha-Thalassemia",

year = "2009",

doi = "10.1186/1471-2334-9-69",

language = "English",

volume = "9",

pages = "69",

journal = "B M C Infectious Diseases",

issn = "1471-2334",

publisher = "BioMed Central Ltd.",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Low density parasitaemia, red blood cell polymorphisms and Plasmodium falciparum specific immune responses in a low endemic area in northern Tanzania

AU - Shekalaghe, Seif

AU - Alifrangis, Michael

AU - Mwanziva, Charles

AU - Enevold, Anders

AU - Mwakalinga, Steven Boniface

AU - Mkali, Humphrey

AU - Kavishe, Reginald

AU - Manjurano, Alphaxard

AU - Sauerwein, Robert

AU - Drakeley, Chris

AU - Bousema, Teun

N1 - Keywords: Animals; Antibodies, Protozoan; Antigens, Protozoan; Carrier State; Chi-Square Distribution; Cross-Sectional Studies; Endemic Diseases; Erythrocytes; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Humans; Malaria, Falciparum; Membrane Proteins; Merozoite Surface Protein 1; Parasitemia; Plasmodium falciparum; Prevalence; Protozoan Proteins; Questionnaires; Self-Sustained Sequence Replication; Statistics, Nonparametric; Tanzania; alpha-Thalassemia

PY - 2009

Y1 - 2009

N2 - BACKGROUND: Low density Plasmodium falciparum infections, below the microscopic detection limit, may play an important role in maintaining malaria transmission in low endemic areas as well as contribute to the maintenance of acquired immunity. Little is known about factors influencing the occurrence of sub-microscopic parasitaemia or the relation with immune responses.We investigated possible associations between the occurrence of sub-microscopic P. falciparum parasite carriage and antibody responses to the asexual stage antigens, G6PD deficiency and alpha+-thalassaemia in 464 subjects from a low endemic area in northern Tanzania. METHODS: We used samples collected from two cross sectional surveys conducted during dry and wet season in 2005. Submicroscopic parasitaemia was detected by using quantitative nucleic acid sequence based amplification (QT-NASBA). Genotyping for G6PD and alpha+-thalassaemia were performed by high throughput PCR; the prevalence and level of total IgG antibodies against MSP-1, MSP-2 and AMA-1 were determined by ELISA. RESULTS: Compared to parasite free individuals, individuals carrying sub-microscopic densities of P. falciparum parasites had significantly higher median antibody levels to MSP-1 (p = 0.042) and MSP-2 (p = 0.034) but not to AMA-1 (p = 0.14) while no clear relation between sub-microscopic parasite carriage and G6PD deficiency or alpha+-thalassaemia was observed. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest a role for sub-microscopic parasite densities in eliciting or maintaining humoral immune responses without evidence for a modulating effect of G6PD deficiency or alpha+-thalassaemia.

AB - BACKGROUND: Low density Plasmodium falciparum infections, below the microscopic detection limit, may play an important role in maintaining malaria transmission in low endemic areas as well as contribute to the maintenance of acquired immunity. Little is known about factors influencing the occurrence of sub-microscopic parasitaemia or the relation with immune responses.We investigated possible associations between the occurrence of sub-microscopic P. falciparum parasite carriage and antibody responses to the asexual stage antigens, G6PD deficiency and alpha+-thalassaemia in 464 subjects from a low endemic area in northern Tanzania. METHODS: We used samples collected from two cross sectional surveys conducted during dry and wet season in 2005. Submicroscopic parasitaemia was detected by using quantitative nucleic acid sequence based amplification (QT-NASBA). Genotyping for G6PD and alpha+-thalassaemia were performed by high throughput PCR; the prevalence and level of total IgG antibodies against MSP-1, MSP-2 and AMA-1 were determined by ELISA. RESULTS: Compared to parasite free individuals, individuals carrying sub-microscopic densities of P. falciparum parasites had significantly higher median antibody levels to MSP-1 (p = 0.042) and MSP-2 (p = 0.034) but not to AMA-1 (p = 0.14) while no clear relation between sub-microscopic parasite carriage and G6PD deficiency or alpha+-thalassaemia was observed. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest a role for sub-microscopic parasite densities in eliciting or maintaining humoral immune responses without evidence for a modulating effect of G6PD deficiency or alpha+-thalassaemia.

U2 - 10.1186/1471-2334-9-69

DO - 10.1186/1471-2334-9-69

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 19460160

SN - 1471-2334

VL - 9

SP - 69

JO - B M C Infectious Diseases

JF - B M C Infectious Diseases

ER -

Low density parasitaemia, red blood cell polymorphisms and Plasmodium falciparum specific immune responses in a low endemic area in northern Tanzania

Abstract

UN SDGs

Access to Document

Fingerprint

Cite this