Low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets have sex-specific effects on bone health in rats

Ayse Zengin; Benedikt Kropp; Yan Chevalier; Riia Junnila; Elahu Sustarsic; Nadja Herbach; Flaminia Fanelli; Marco Mezzullo; Stefan Milz; Martin Bidlingmaier; Maximilian Bielohuby

doi:10.1007/s00394-015-1040-9

Low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets have sex-specific effects on bone health in rats

Ayse Zengin, Benedikt Kropp, Yan Chevalier, Riia Junnila, Elahu Sustarsic, Nadja Herbach, Flaminia Fanelli, Marco Mezzullo, Stefan Milz, Martin Bidlingmaier, Maximilian Bielohuby

13 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

PURPOSE: Studies in humans suggest that consumption of low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets (LC-HF) could be detrimental for growth and bone health. In young male rats, LC-HF diets negatively affect bone health by impairing the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor axis (GH/IGF axis), while the effects in female rats remain unknown. Therefore, we investigated whether sex-specific effects of LC-HF diets on bone health exist.

METHODS: Twelve-week-old male and female Wistar rats were isoenergetically pair-fed either a control diet (CD), "Atkins-style" protein-matched diet (LC-HF-1), or ketogenic low-protein diet (LC-HF-2) for 4 weeks. In females, microcomputed tomography and histomorphometry analyses were performed on the distal femur. Sex hormones were analysed with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and endocrine parameters including GH and IGF-I were measured by immunoassay.

RESULTS: Trabecular bone volume, serum IGF-I and the bone formation marker P1NP were lower in male rats fed both LC-HF diets versus CD. LC-HF diets did not impair bone health in female rats, with no change in trabecular or cortical bone volume nor in serum markers of bone turnover between CD versus both LC-HF diet groups. Pituitary GH secretion was lower in female rats fed LC-HF diet, with no difference in circulating IGF-I. Circulating sex hormone concentrations remained unchanged in male and female rats fed LC-HF diets.

CONCLUSION: A 4-week consumption of LC-HF diets has sex-specific effects on bone health-with no effects in adult female rats yet negative effects in adult male rats. This response seems to be driven by a sex-specific effect of LC-HF diets on the GH/IGF system.

Original language	English
Journal	European Journal of Nutrition
Volume	55
Issue number	7
Pages (from-to)	2307-20
Number of pages	14
ISSN	1436-6207
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-015-1040-9
Publication status	Published - 1 Oct 2016
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Alanine Transaminase
Animals
Aspartate Aminotransferases
Blood Glucose
Bone and Bones
Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted
Diet, High-Fat
Diet, Protein-Restricted
Estradiol
Female
Gonadal Steroid Hormones
Growth Hormone
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
Leptin
Lipids
Male
Osteogenesis
Peptide Fragments
Procollagen
Rats
Rats, Wistar
Serum Albumin
Sex Factors
Journal Article

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10.1007/s00394-015-1040-9

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@article{cd80ee9ef3354081ac7276cf39e60ae7,

title = "Low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets have sex-specific effects on bone health in rats",

abstract = "PURPOSE: Studies in humans suggest that consumption of low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets (LC-HF) could be detrimental for growth and bone health. In young male rats, LC-HF diets negatively affect bone health by impairing the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor axis (GH/IGF axis), while the effects in female rats remain unknown. Therefore, we investigated whether sex-specific effects of LC-HF diets on bone health exist.METHODS: Twelve-week-old male and female Wistar rats were isoenergetically pair-fed either a control diet (CD), {"}Atkins-style{"} protein-matched diet (LC-HF-1), or ketogenic low-protein diet (LC-HF-2) for 4 weeks. In females, microcomputed tomography and histomorphometry analyses were performed on the distal femur. Sex hormones were analysed with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and endocrine parameters including GH and IGF-I were measured by immunoassay.RESULTS: Trabecular bone volume, serum IGF-I and the bone formation marker P1NP were lower in male rats fed both LC-HF diets versus CD. LC-HF diets did not impair bone health in female rats, with no change in trabecular or cortical bone volume nor in serum markers of bone turnover between CD versus both LC-HF diet groups. Pituitary GH secretion was lower in female rats fed LC-HF diet, with no difference in circulating IGF-I. Circulating sex hormone concentrations remained unchanged in male and female rats fed LC-HF diets.CONCLUSION: A 4-week consumption of LC-HF diets has sex-specific effects on bone health-with no effects in adult female rats yet negative effects in adult male rats. This response seems to be driven by a sex-specific effect of LC-HF diets on the GH/IGF system.",

keywords = "Alanine Transaminase, Animals, Aspartate Aminotransferases, Blood Glucose, Bone and Bones, Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted, Diet, High-Fat, Diet, Protein-Restricted, Estradiol, Female, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Growth Hormone, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Leptin, Lipids, Male, Osteogenesis, Peptide Fragments, Procollagen, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Serum Albumin, Sex Factors, Journal Article",

author = "Ayse Zengin and Benedikt Kropp and Yan Chevalier and Riia Junnila and Elahu Sustarsic and Nadja Herbach and Flaminia Fanelli and Marco Mezzullo and Stefan Milz and Martin Bidlingmaier and Maximilian Bielohuby",

year = "2016",

month = oct,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1007/s00394-015-1040-9",

language = "English",

volume = "55",

pages = "2307--20",

journal = "European Journal of Nutrition",

issn = "1436-6207",

publisher = "Springer Medizin",

number = "7",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets have sex-specific effects on bone health in rats

AU - Zengin, Ayse

AU - Kropp, Benedikt

AU - Chevalier, Yan

AU - Junnila, Riia

AU - Sustarsic, Elahu

AU - Herbach, Nadja

AU - Fanelli, Flaminia

AU - Mezzullo, Marco

AU - Milz, Stefan

AU - Bidlingmaier, Martin

AU - Bielohuby, Maximilian

PY - 2016/10/1

Y1 - 2016/10/1

N2 - PURPOSE: Studies in humans suggest that consumption of low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets (LC-HF) could be detrimental for growth and bone health. In young male rats, LC-HF diets negatively affect bone health by impairing the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor axis (GH/IGF axis), while the effects in female rats remain unknown. Therefore, we investigated whether sex-specific effects of LC-HF diets on bone health exist.METHODS: Twelve-week-old male and female Wistar rats were isoenergetically pair-fed either a control diet (CD), "Atkins-style" protein-matched diet (LC-HF-1), or ketogenic low-protein diet (LC-HF-2) for 4 weeks. In females, microcomputed tomography and histomorphometry analyses were performed on the distal femur. Sex hormones were analysed with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and endocrine parameters including GH and IGF-I were measured by immunoassay.RESULTS: Trabecular bone volume, serum IGF-I and the bone formation marker P1NP were lower in male rats fed both LC-HF diets versus CD. LC-HF diets did not impair bone health in female rats, with no change in trabecular or cortical bone volume nor in serum markers of bone turnover between CD versus both LC-HF diet groups. Pituitary GH secretion was lower in female rats fed LC-HF diet, with no difference in circulating IGF-I. Circulating sex hormone concentrations remained unchanged in male and female rats fed LC-HF diets.CONCLUSION: A 4-week consumption of LC-HF diets has sex-specific effects on bone health-with no effects in adult female rats yet negative effects in adult male rats. This response seems to be driven by a sex-specific effect of LC-HF diets on the GH/IGF system.

AB - PURPOSE: Studies in humans suggest that consumption of low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets (LC-HF) could be detrimental for growth and bone health. In young male rats, LC-HF diets negatively affect bone health by impairing the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor axis (GH/IGF axis), while the effects in female rats remain unknown. Therefore, we investigated whether sex-specific effects of LC-HF diets on bone health exist.METHODS: Twelve-week-old male and female Wistar rats were isoenergetically pair-fed either a control diet (CD), "Atkins-style" protein-matched diet (LC-HF-1), or ketogenic low-protein diet (LC-HF-2) for 4 weeks. In females, microcomputed tomography and histomorphometry analyses were performed on the distal femur. Sex hormones were analysed with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and endocrine parameters including GH and IGF-I were measured by immunoassay.RESULTS: Trabecular bone volume, serum IGF-I and the bone formation marker P1NP were lower in male rats fed both LC-HF diets versus CD. LC-HF diets did not impair bone health in female rats, with no change in trabecular or cortical bone volume nor in serum markers of bone turnover between CD versus both LC-HF diet groups. Pituitary GH secretion was lower in female rats fed LC-HF diet, with no difference in circulating IGF-I. Circulating sex hormone concentrations remained unchanged in male and female rats fed LC-HF diets.CONCLUSION: A 4-week consumption of LC-HF diets has sex-specific effects on bone health-with no effects in adult female rats yet negative effects in adult male rats. This response seems to be driven by a sex-specific effect of LC-HF diets on the GH/IGF system.

KW - Alanine Transaminase

KW - Animals

KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases

KW - Blood Glucose

KW - Bone and Bones

KW - Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted

KW - Diet, High-Fat

KW - Diet, Protein-Restricted

KW - Estradiol

KW - Female

KW - Gonadal Steroid Hormones

KW - Growth Hormone

KW - Insulin-Like Growth Factor I

KW - Leptin

KW - Lipids

KW - Male

KW - Osteogenesis

KW - Peptide Fragments

KW - Procollagen

KW - Rats

KW - Rats, Wistar

KW - Serum Albumin

KW - Sex Factors

KW - Journal Article

U2 - 10.1007/s00394-015-1040-9

DO - 10.1007/s00394-015-1040-9

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 26386685

SN - 1436-6207

VL - 55

SP - 2307

EP - 2320

JO - European Journal of Nutrition

JF - European Journal of Nutrition

IS - 7

ER -

Low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets have sex-specific effects on bone health in rats

Abstract

Keywords

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