Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter and incidence of diabetes in the Danish Nurse Cohort

Anne Busch Hansen; Line Ravnskjær; Steffen Loft; Klaus Kaae Andersen; Elvira Vaclavik Bräuner; Rikke Baastrup Nordsborg; Claire Yao; Matthias Ketzel; Thomas Becker; Jørgen Brandt; Ole Hertel; Zorana Jovanovic Andersen

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2016.02.036

Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter and incidence of diabetes in the Danish Nurse Cohort

Anne Busch Hansen, Line Ravnskjær, Steffen Loft, Klaus Kaae Andersen, Elvira Vaclavik Bräuner, Rikke Baastrup Nordsborg, Claire Yao, Matthias Ketzel, Thomas Becker, Jørgen Brandt, Ole Hertel, Zorana Jovanovic Andersen

64 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis: It has been suggested that air pollution may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes but data on particulate matter with diameter <2.5 μm (PM_2.5) are inconsistent. We examined the association between long-term exposure to PM_2.5 and diabetes incidence. Methods: We used the Danish Nurse Cohort with 28,731 female nurses who at recruitment in 1993 or 1999 reported information on diabetes prevalence and risk factors, and obtained data on incidence of diabetes from National Diabetes Register until 2013. We estimated annual mean concentrations of PM_2.5, particulate matter with diameter <10 μm (PM₁₀), nitrogen oxides (NO_x) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) at their residence since 1990 using a dispersion model and examined the association between the 5-year running mean of pollutants and diabetes incidence using a time-varying Cox regression. Results: Of 24,174 nurses 1137 (4.7%) developed diabetes. We detected a significant positive association between PM_2.5 and diabetes incidence (hazard ratio; 95% confidence interval: 1.11; 1.02-1.22 per interquartile range of 3.1 μg/m³), and weaker associations for PM₁₀ (1.06; 0.98-1.14 per 2.8 μg/m³), NO₂ (1.05; 0.99-1.12 per 7.5 μg/m³), and NO_x (1.01; 0.98-1.05 per 10.2 μg/m³) in fully adjusted models. Associations with PM_2.5 persisted in two-pollutant models. Associations with PM_2.5 were significantly enhanced in never smokers (1.24; 1.09-1.42), and augmented in obese (1.25; 1.06-1.47) and subjects with myocardial infarction (1.32; 0.86-2.02), but without significant interaction. Conclusions/interpretation: Fine particulate matter may the most relevant pollutant for diabetes development among women, and non-smokers, obese women, and heart disease patients may be most susceptible.

Original language	English
Journal	Environment International
Volume	91
Pages (from-to)	243-250
Number of pages	8
ISSN	0160-4120
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2016.02.036
Publication status	Published - 1 May 2016

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@article{97ba50a396924949bfbb17c007dd13d5,

title = "Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter and incidence of diabetes in the Danish Nurse Cohort",

abstract = "Aims/hypothesis: It has been suggested that air pollution may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes but data on particulate matter with diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) are inconsistent. We examined the association between long-term exposure to PM2.5 and diabetes incidence. Methods: We used the Danish Nurse Cohort with 28,731 female nurses who at recruitment in 1993 or 1999 reported information on diabetes prevalence and risk factors, and obtained data on incidence of diabetes from National Diabetes Register until 2013. We estimated annual mean concentrations of PM2.5, particulate matter with diameter <10 μm (PM10), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at their residence since 1990 using a dispersion model and examined the association between the 5-year running mean of pollutants and diabetes incidence using a time-varying Cox regression. Results: Of 24,174 nurses 1137 (4.7%) developed diabetes. We detected a significant positive association between PM2.5 and diabetes incidence (hazard ratio; 95% confidence interval: 1.11; 1.02-1.22 per interquartile range of 3.1 μg/m3), and weaker associations for PM10 (1.06; 0.98-1.14 per 2.8 μg/m3), NO2 (1.05; 0.99-1.12 per 7.5 μg/m3), and NOx (1.01; 0.98-1.05 per 10.2 μg/m3) in fully adjusted models. Associations with PM2.5 persisted in two-pollutant models. Associations with PM2.5 were significantly enhanced in never smokers (1.24; 1.09-1.42), and augmented in obese (1.25; 1.06-1.47) and subjects with myocardial infarction (1.32; 0.86-2.02), but without significant interaction. Conclusions/interpretation: Fine particulate matter may the most relevant pollutant for diabetes development among women, and non-smokers, obese women, and heart disease patients may be most susceptible.",

author = "Hansen, {Anne Busch} and Line Ravnskj{\ae}r and Steffen Loft and Andersen, {Klaus Kaae} and Br{\"a}uner, {Elvira Vaclavik} and Nordsborg, {Rikke Baastrup} and Claire Yao and Matthias Ketzel and Thomas Becker and J{\o}rgen Brandt and Ole Hertel and Andersen, {Zorana Jovanovic}",

year = "2016",

month = may,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1016/j.envint.2016.02.036",

language = "English",

volume = "91",

pages = "243--250",

journal = "Environment International",

issn = "0160-4120",

publisher = "Pergamon Press",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter and incidence of diabetes in the Danish Nurse Cohort

AU - Hansen, Anne Busch

AU - Ravnskjær, Line

AU - Loft, Steffen

AU - Andersen, Klaus Kaae

AU - Bräuner, Elvira Vaclavik

AU - Nordsborg, Rikke Baastrup

AU - Yao, Claire

AU - Ketzel, Matthias

AU - Becker, Thomas

AU - Brandt, Jørgen

AU - Hertel, Ole

AU - Andersen, Zorana Jovanovic

PY - 2016/5/1

Y1 - 2016/5/1

N2 - Aims/hypothesis: It has been suggested that air pollution may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes but data on particulate matter with diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) are inconsistent. We examined the association between long-term exposure to PM2.5 and diabetes incidence. Methods: We used the Danish Nurse Cohort with 28,731 female nurses who at recruitment in 1993 or 1999 reported information on diabetes prevalence and risk factors, and obtained data on incidence of diabetes from National Diabetes Register until 2013. We estimated annual mean concentrations of PM2.5, particulate matter with diameter <10 μm (PM10), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at their residence since 1990 using a dispersion model and examined the association between the 5-year running mean of pollutants and diabetes incidence using a time-varying Cox regression. Results: Of 24,174 nurses 1137 (4.7%) developed diabetes. We detected a significant positive association between PM2.5 and diabetes incidence (hazard ratio; 95% confidence interval: 1.11; 1.02-1.22 per interquartile range of 3.1 μg/m3), and weaker associations for PM10 (1.06; 0.98-1.14 per 2.8 μg/m3), NO2 (1.05; 0.99-1.12 per 7.5 μg/m3), and NOx (1.01; 0.98-1.05 per 10.2 μg/m3) in fully adjusted models. Associations with PM2.5 persisted in two-pollutant models. Associations with PM2.5 were significantly enhanced in never smokers (1.24; 1.09-1.42), and augmented in obese (1.25; 1.06-1.47) and subjects with myocardial infarction (1.32; 0.86-2.02), but without significant interaction. Conclusions/interpretation: Fine particulate matter may the most relevant pollutant for diabetes development among women, and non-smokers, obese women, and heart disease patients may be most susceptible.

AB - Aims/hypothesis: It has been suggested that air pollution may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes but data on particulate matter with diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) are inconsistent. We examined the association between long-term exposure to PM2.5 and diabetes incidence. Methods: We used the Danish Nurse Cohort with 28,731 female nurses who at recruitment in 1993 or 1999 reported information on diabetes prevalence and risk factors, and obtained data on incidence of diabetes from National Diabetes Register until 2013. We estimated annual mean concentrations of PM2.5, particulate matter with diameter <10 μm (PM10), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at their residence since 1990 using a dispersion model and examined the association between the 5-year running mean of pollutants and diabetes incidence using a time-varying Cox regression. Results: Of 24,174 nurses 1137 (4.7%) developed diabetes. We detected a significant positive association between PM2.5 and diabetes incidence (hazard ratio; 95% confidence interval: 1.11; 1.02-1.22 per interquartile range of 3.1 μg/m3), and weaker associations for PM10 (1.06; 0.98-1.14 per 2.8 μg/m3), NO2 (1.05; 0.99-1.12 per 7.5 μg/m3), and NOx (1.01; 0.98-1.05 per 10.2 μg/m3) in fully adjusted models. Associations with PM2.5 persisted in two-pollutant models. Associations with PM2.5 were significantly enhanced in never smokers (1.24; 1.09-1.42), and augmented in obese (1.25; 1.06-1.47) and subjects with myocardial infarction (1.32; 0.86-2.02), but without significant interaction. Conclusions/interpretation: Fine particulate matter may the most relevant pollutant for diabetes development among women, and non-smokers, obese women, and heart disease patients may be most susceptible.

U2 - 10.1016/j.envint.2016.02.036

DO - 10.1016/j.envint.2016.02.036

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 26989812

SN - 0160-4120

VL - 91

SP - 243

EP - 250

JO - Environment International

JF - Environment International

ER -

Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter and incidence of diabetes in the Danish Nurse Cohort

Abstract

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