Life course path analysis of birth weight, childhood growth, and adult systolic blood pressure

Michael Gamborg; Per Kragh Andersen; Jennifer L Baker; Esben Budtz-Jørgensen; Torben Jørgensen; Gorm Jensen; Thorkild I A Sørensen; Michael Gamborg; Per Kragh Andersen; Jennifer L Baker; Esben Budtz-Jørgensen; Torben Jørgensen; Gorm Jensen; Thorkild I A Sørensen

doi:10.1093/aje/kwp047

Life course path analysis of birth weight, childhood growth, and adult systolic blood pressure

Michael Gamborg, Per Kragh Andersen, Jennifer L Baker, Esben Budtz-Jørgensen, Torben Jørgensen, Gorm Jensen, Thorkild I A Sørensen, Michael Gamborg, Per Kragh Andersen, Jennifer L Baker, Esben Budtz-Jørgensen, Torben Jørgensen, Gorm Jensen, Thorkild I A Sørensen

76 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The inverse associations between birth weight and later adverse health outcomes and the positive associations between adult body size and poor health imply that increases in relative body size between birth and adulthood may be undesirable. In this paper, the authors describe life course path analysis, a method that can be used to jointly estimate associations between body sizes at different time points and associations of body sizes throughout life with health outcomes. Additionally, this method makes it possible to assess both the direct effect and the indirect effect mediated through later body size, and thereby the total effect, of size and changes in size on later outcomes. Using data on childhood body size and adult systolic blood pressure from a sample of 1,284 Danish men born between 1936 and 1970, the authors compared results from path analysis with results from 3 standard regression methods. Path analysis produced easily interpretable results, and compared with standard regression methods it produced a noteworthy gain in statistical power. The effect of change in relative body size on adult blood pressure was more pronounced after age 11 years than in earlier childhood. These results suggest that increases in body size prior to age 11 years are less harmful to adult blood pressure than increases occurring after this age.

Original language	English
Journal	American Journal of Epidemiology
Volume	169
Issue number	10
Pages (from-to)	1167-78
Number of pages	11
ISSN	0002-9262
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwp047 https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwp047
Publication status	Published - 2009

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Gamborg, M., Andersen, P. K., Baker, J. L., Budtz-Jørgensen, E., Jørgensen, T., Jensen, G., Sørensen, T. I. A., Gamborg, M., Andersen, P. K., Baker, J. L., Budtz-Jørgensen, E., Jørgensen, T., Jensen, G., & Sørensen, T. I. A. (2009). Life course path analysis of birth weight, childhood growth, and adult systolic blood pressure. American Journal of Epidemiology, 169(10), 1167-78. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwp047, https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwp047

Gamborg, M , Andersen, PK, Baker, JL, Budtz-Jørgensen, E, Jørgensen, T, Jensen, G, Sørensen, TIA, Gamborg, M, Andersen, PK, Baker, JL, Budtz-Jørgensen, E, Jørgensen, T, Jensen, G & Sørensen, TIA 2009, 'Life course path analysis of birth weight, childhood growth, and adult systolic blood pressure', American Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 169, no. 10, pp. 1167-78. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwp047, https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwp047

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title = "Life course path analysis of birth weight, childhood growth, and adult systolic blood pressure",

abstract = "The inverse associations between birth weight and later adverse health outcomes and the positive associations between adult body size and poor health imply that increases in relative body size between birth and adulthood may be undesirable. In this paper, the authors describe life course path analysis, a method that can be used to jointly estimate associations between body sizes at different time points and associations of body sizes throughout life with health outcomes. Additionally, this method makes it possible to assess both the direct effect and the indirect effect mediated through later body size, and thereby the total effect, of size and changes in size on later outcomes. Using data on childhood body size and adult systolic blood pressure from a sample of 1,284 Danish men born between 1936 and 1970, the authors compared results from path analysis with results from 3 standard regression methods. Path analysis produced easily interpretable results, and compared with standard regression methods it produced a noteworthy gain in statistical power. The effect of change in relative body size on adult blood pressure was more pronounced after age 11 years than in earlier childhood. These results suggest that increases in body size prior to age 11 years are less harmful to adult blood pressure than increases occurring after this age.",

author = "Michael Gamborg and Andersen, {Per Kragh} and Baker, {Jennifer L} and Esben Budtz-J{\o}rgensen and Torben J{\o}rgensen and Gorm Jensen and S{\o}rensen, {Thorkild I A} and Michael Gamborg and Andersen, {Per Kragh} and Baker, {Jennifer L} and Esben Budtz-J{\o}rgensen and Torben J{\o}rgensen and Gorm Jensen and S{\o}rensen, {Thorkild I A}",

note = "Keywords: Adolescent; Adolescent Development; Birth Weight; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Child; Child Development; Epidemiologic Methods; Female; Humans; Male; Models, Statistical; Regression Analysis; Systole",

year = "2009",

doi = "10.1093/aje/kwp047",

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AU - Gamborg, Michael

AU - Andersen, Per Kragh

AU - Baker, Jennifer L

AU - Budtz-Jørgensen, Esben

AU - Jørgensen, Torben

AU - Jensen, Gorm

AU - Sørensen, Thorkild I A

AU - Gamborg, Michael

AU - Andersen, Per Kragh

AU - Baker, Jennifer L

AU - Budtz-Jørgensen, Esben

AU - Jørgensen, Torben

AU - Jensen, Gorm

AU - Sørensen, Thorkild I A

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PY - 2009

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N2 - The inverse associations between birth weight and later adverse health outcomes and the positive associations between adult body size and poor health imply that increases in relative body size between birth and adulthood may be undesirable. In this paper, the authors describe life course path analysis, a method that can be used to jointly estimate associations between body sizes at different time points and associations of body sizes throughout life with health outcomes. Additionally, this method makes it possible to assess both the direct effect and the indirect effect mediated through later body size, and thereby the total effect, of size and changes in size on later outcomes. Using data on childhood body size and adult systolic blood pressure from a sample of 1,284 Danish men born between 1936 and 1970, the authors compared results from path analysis with results from 3 standard regression methods. Path analysis produced easily interpretable results, and compared with standard regression methods it produced a noteworthy gain in statistical power. The effect of change in relative body size on adult blood pressure was more pronounced after age 11 years than in earlier childhood. These results suggest that increases in body size prior to age 11 years are less harmful to adult blood pressure than increases occurring after this age.

AB - The inverse associations between birth weight and later adverse health outcomes and the positive associations between adult body size and poor health imply that increases in relative body size between birth and adulthood may be undesirable. In this paper, the authors describe life course path analysis, a method that can be used to jointly estimate associations between body sizes at different time points and associations of body sizes throughout life with health outcomes. Additionally, this method makes it possible to assess both the direct effect and the indirect effect mediated through later body size, and thereby the total effect, of size and changes in size on later outcomes. Using data on childhood body size and adult systolic blood pressure from a sample of 1,284 Danish men born between 1936 and 1970, the authors compared results from path analysis with results from 3 standard regression methods. Path analysis produced easily interpretable results, and compared with standard regression methods it produced a noteworthy gain in statistical power. The effect of change in relative body size on adult blood pressure was more pronounced after age 11 years than in earlier childhood. These results suggest that increases in body size prior to age 11 years are less harmful to adult blood pressure than increases occurring after this age.

U2 - 10.1093/aje/kwp047

DO - 10.1093/aje/kwp047

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 19357327

SN - 0002-9262

VL - 169

SP - 1167

EP - 1178

JO - American Journal of Epidemiology

JF - American Journal of Epidemiology

IS - 10

ER -

Life course path analysis of birth weight, childhood growth, and adult systolic blood pressure

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