Joint-dependent response to impact and implications for post-traumatic osteoarthritis

K D Novakofski; Lise Charlotte Berg; I Bronzini; E D Bonnevie; S G Poland; L J Bonassar; L A Fortier

doi:10.1016/j.joca.2015.02.023

Joint-dependent response to impact and implications for post-traumatic osteoarthritis

K D Novakofski, Lise Charlotte Berg, I Bronzini, E D Bonnevie, S G Poland, L J Bonassar, L A Fortier

19 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) varies between joints. Cartilage in eight different joints was evaluated to elucidate the disparate susceptibilities between joints to post-traumatic OA (PTOA) and provide evidence for joint-specific clinical treatments. The hypothesis was that cartilage in different joints would have varying cell death and anabolic gene expression profiles after injury.

METHODS: Adult equine cartilage explants were harvested from shoulder (SH), elbow (EL), carpal (CA), metacarpophalangeal (MC), patellofemoral (FP), tarsal (TA), metatarsophalangeal (MT), and proximal interphalangeal (PP) joints, and injured by loading with 30 MPa within 1 s. Fractional dissipated energy, cell density, cell death, and gene expression were quantified.

RESULTS: PP had the highest fractional dissipated energy (94%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 88 to 101%). Cell density was highest in the superficial zone in all samples, with MC and MT having the highest peak density. Injured samples had significantly increased cell death (13.5%, 95% CI 9.1 to 17.9%) than non-injured samples (6.8%, 95% CI 2.5 to 11.1%, P = 0.016); however, cell death after injury was not significantly different between joints. Gene expression was significantly different between joints. CD-RAP expression in normal cartilage was lowest in FP (Cp = 21, 95% CI -80 to 122). After injury, the change in CD-RAP expression increased and was highest in FP (147% relative increase after injury, 95% CI 64 to 213).

CONCLUSION: Different joints have different baseline characteristics, including cell density and gene expression, and responses to injury, including energy dissipation and gene expression. These unique characteristics may explain differences in OA prevalence and suggest differences in susceptibility to PTOA.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Understanding differences in the response to injury and potential susceptibility to OA can lead to the development of preventative or treatment strategies.

KEY TERMS: Gene expression, cartilage injury, chondrocyte, multiphoton microscopy, cartilage biomechanical properties, PTOA.

WHAT IS KNOWN ABOUT THE SUBJECT: The prevalence of OA is variable among joints; however, most laboratory studies are performed on a single joint - most commonly the knee, and extrapolated to other joints such as the ankle or shoulder. A small number of studies have compared knee and ankle cartilage and reported differences in mechanical properties and gene expression.

WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE: There are differences in baseline cell density and gene expression, and differences in response to injury, including gene expression and cell death. This suggests that there are inherent differences leading to varying susceptibilities in OA prevalence among joints. Joint-specific treatments may improve OA therapies.

Original language	English
Journal	Osteoarthritis and Cartilage
Volume	23
Issue number	7
Pages (from-to)	1130-1137
Number of pages	8
ISSN	1063-4584
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2015.02.023
Publication status	Published - 1 Jul 2015

Keywords

Animals
Arthritis, Experimental
Cartilage, Articular
Cell Death
Chondrocytes
Gene Expression
Gene Expression Profiling
Horse Diseases
Horses
Osteoarthritis
RNA, Messenger
Stress, Mechanical

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10.1016/j.joca.2015.02.023

http://www.oarsijournal.com/article/S1063458415000679/pdf

Cite this

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title = "Joint-dependent response to impact and implications for post-traumatic osteoarthritis",

abstract = "OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) varies between joints. Cartilage in eight different joints was evaluated to elucidate the disparate susceptibilities between joints to post-traumatic OA (PTOA) and provide evidence for joint-specific clinical treatments. The hypothesis was that cartilage in different joints would have varying cell death and anabolic gene expression profiles after injury.METHODS: Adult equine cartilage explants were harvested from shoulder (SH), elbow (EL), carpal (CA), metacarpophalangeal (MC), patellofemoral (FP), tarsal (TA), metatarsophalangeal (MT), and proximal interphalangeal (PP) joints, and injured by loading with 30 MPa within 1 s. Fractional dissipated energy, cell density, cell death, and gene expression were quantified.RESULTS: PP had the highest fractional dissipated energy (94%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 88 to 101%). Cell density was highest in the superficial zone in all samples, with MC and MT having the highest peak density. Injured samples had significantly increased cell death (13.5%, 95% CI 9.1 to 17.9%) than non-injured samples (6.8%, 95% CI 2.5 to 11.1%, P = 0.016); however, cell death after injury was not significantly different between joints. Gene expression was significantly different between joints. CD-RAP expression in normal cartilage was lowest in FP (Cp = 21, 95% CI -80 to 122). After injury, the change in CD-RAP expression increased and was highest in FP (147% relative increase after injury, 95% CI 64 to 213).CONCLUSION: Different joints have different baseline characteristics, including cell density and gene expression, and responses to injury, including energy dissipation and gene expression. These unique characteristics may explain differences in OA prevalence and suggest differences in susceptibility to PTOA.CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Understanding differences in the response to injury and potential susceptibility to OA can lead to the development of preventative or treatment strategies.KEY TERMS: Gene expression, cartilage injury, chondrocyte, multiphoton microscopy, cartilage biomechanical properties, PTOA.WHAT IS KNOWN ABOUT THE SUBJECT: The prevalence of OA is variable among joints; however, most laboratory studies are performed on a single joint - most commonly the knee, and extrapolated to other joints such as the ankle or shoulder. A small number of studies have compared knee and ankle cartilage and reported differences in mechanical properties and gene expression.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE: There are differences in baseline cell density and gene expression, and differences in response to injury, including gene expression and cell death. This suggests that there are inherent differences leading to varying susceptibilities in OA prevalence among joints. Joint-specific treatments may improve OA therapies.",

keywords = "Animals, Arthritis, Experimental, Cartilage, Articular, Cell Death, Chondrocytes, Gene Expression, Gene Expression Profiling, Horse Diseases, Horses, Osteoarthritis, RNA, Messenger, Stress, Mechanical",

author = "Novakofski, {K D} and Berg, {Lise Charlotte} and I Bronzini and Bonnevie, {E D} and Poland, {S G} and Bonassar, {L J} and Fortier, {L A}",

year = "2015",

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day = "1",

doi = "10.1016/j.joca.2015.02.023",

language = "English",

volume = "23",

pages = "1130--1137",

journal = "Osteoarthritis and Cartilage",

issn = "1063-4584",

publisher = "Elsevier",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Joint-dependent response to impact and implications for post-traumatic osteoarthritis

AU - Novakofski, K D

AU - Berg, Lise Charlotte

AU - Bronzini, I

AU - Bonnevie, E D

AU - Poland, S G

AU - Bonassar, L J

AU - Fortier, L A

PY - 2015/7/1

Y1 - 2015/7/1

N2 - OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) varies between joints. Cartilage in eight different joints was evaluated to elucidate the disparate susceptibilities between joints to post-traumatic OA (PTOA) and provide evidence for joint-specific clinical treatments. The hypothesis was that cartilage in different joints would have varying cell death and anabolic gene expression profiles after injury.METHODS: Adult equine cartilage explants were harvested from shoulder (SH), elbow (EL), carpal (CA), metacarpophalangeal (MC), patellofemoral (FP), tarsal (TA), metatarsophalangeal (MT), and proximal interphalangeal (PP) joints, and injured by loading with 30 MPa within 1 s. Fractional dissipated energy, cell density, cell death, and gene expression were quantified.RESULTS: PP had the highest fractional dissipated energy (94%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 88 to 101%). Cell density was highest in the superficial zone in all samples, with MC and MT having the highest peak density. Injured samples had significantly increased cell death (13.5%, 95% CI 9.1 to 17.9%) than non-injured samples (6.8%, 95% CI 2.5 to 11.1%, P = 0.016); however, cell death after injury was not significantly different between joints. Gene expression was significantly different between joints. CD-RAP expression in normal cartilage was lowest in FP (Cp = 21, 95% CI -80 to 122). After injury, the change in CD-RAP expression increased and was highest in FP (147% relative increase after injury, 95% CI 64 to 213).CONCLUSION: Different joints have different baseline characteristics, including cell density and gene expression, and responses to injury, including energy dissipation and gene expression. These unique characteristics may explain differences in OA prevalence and suggest differences in susceptibility to PTOA.CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Understanding differences in the response to injury and potential susceptibility to OA can lead to the development of preventative or treatment strategies.KEY TERMS: Gene expression, cartilage injury, chondrocyte, multiphoton microscopy, cartilage biomechanical properties, PTOA.WHAT IS KNOWN ABOUT THE SUBJECT: The prevalence of OA is variable among joints; however, most laboratory studies are performed on a single joint - most commonly the knee, and extrapolated to other joints such as the ankle or shoulder. A small number of studies have compared knee and ankle cartilage and reported differences in mechanical properties and gene expression.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE: There are differences in baseline cell density and gene expression, and differences in response to injury, including gene expression and cell death. This suggests that there are inherent differences leading to varying susceptibilities in OA prevalence among joints. Joint-specific treatments may improve OA therapies.

AB - OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) varies between joints. Cartilage in eight different joints was evaluated to elucidate the disparate susceptibilities between joints to post-traumatic OA (PTOA) and provide evidence for joint-specific clinical treatments. The hypothesis was that cartilage in different joints would have varying cell death and anabolic gene expression profiles after injury.METHODS: Adult equine cartilage explants were harvested from shoulder (SH), elbow (EL), carpal (CA), metacarpophalangeal (MC), patellofemoral (FP), tarsal (TA), metatarsophalangeal (MT), and proximal interphalangeal (PP) joints, and injured by loading with 30 MPa within 1 s. Fractional dissipated energy, cell density, cell death, and gene expression were quantified.RESULTS: PP had the highest fractional dissipated energy (94%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 88 to 101%). Cell density was highest in the superficial zone in all samples, with MC and MT having the highest peak density. Injured samples had significantly increased cell death (13.5%, 95% CI 9.1 to 17.9%) than non-injured samples (6.8%, 95% CI 2.5 to 11.1%, P = 0.016); however, cell death after injury was not significantly different between joints. Gene expression was significantly different between joints. CD-RAP expression in normal cartilage was lowest in FP (Cp = 21, 95% CI -80 to 122). After injury, the change in CD-RAP expression increased and was highest in FP (147% relative increase after injury, 95% CI 64 to 213).CONCLUSION: Different joints have different baseline characteristics, including cell density and gene expression, and responses to injury, including energy dissipation and gene expression. These unique characteristics may explain differences in OA prevalence and suggest differences in susceptibility to PTOA.CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Understanding differences in the response to injury and potential susceptibility to OA can lead to the development of preventative or treatment strategies.KEY TERMS: Gene expression, cartilage injury, chondrocyte, multiphoton microscopy, cartilage biomechanical properties, PTOA.WHAT IS KNOWN ABOUT THE SUBJECT: The prevalence of OA is variable among joints; however, most laboratory studies are performed on a single joint - most commonly the knee, and extrapolated to other joints such as the ankle or shoulder. A small number of studies have compared knee and ankle cartilage and reported differences in mechanical properties and gene expression.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE: There are differences in baseline cell density and gene expression, and differences in response to injury, including gene expression and cell death. This suggests that there are inherent differences leading to varying susceptibilities in OA prevalence among joints. Joint-specific treatments may improve OA therapies.

KW - Animals

KW - Arthritis, Experimental

KW - Cartilage, Articular

KW - Cell Death

KW - Chondrocytes

KW - Gene Expression

KW - Gene Expression Profiling

KW - Horse Diseases

KW - Horses

KW - Osteoarthritis

KW - RNA, Messenger

KW - Stress, Mechanical

U2 - 10.1016/j.joca.2015.02.023

DO - 10.1016/j.joca.2015.02.023

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 25725390

SN - 1063-4584

VL - 23

SP - 1130

EP - 1137

JO - Osteoarthritis and Cartilage

JF - Osteoarthritis and Cartilage

IS - 7

ER -

Joint-dependent response to impact and implications for post-traumatic osteoarthritis

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Keywords

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