Job strain as a risk factor for clinical depression: systematic review and meta-analysis with additional individual participant data

I. E. H.  Madsen; S. T. Nyberg; L. L. Magnusson Hanson; J. E. Ferrie; K. Ahola; L. Alfredsson; G. D. Batty; J. B. Bjorner; M. Borritz; H. Burr; J.-F. Chastang; R. de Graaf; N. Dragano; M. Hamer; M. Jokela; A. Knutsson; M. Koskenvuo; A. Koskinen; C. Leineweber; I. Niedhammer; M. L. Nielsen; M. Nordin; T. Oksanen; J. H. Pejtersen; J. Pentti; I. Plaisier; P. Salo; A. Singh-Manoux; S. Suominen; M. Ten Have; T. Theorell; S. Toppinen-Tanner; J. Vahtera; A. Väänänen; P. J. M. Westerholm; H. Westerlund; E. I. Fransson; K. Heikkilä; M. Virtanen; R. Rugulies; M. Kivimäki; IPD-Work Consortium

doi:10.1017/S003329171600355X

Job strain as a risk factor for clinical depression: systematic review and meta-analysis with additional individual participant data

I. E. H. Madsen, S. T. Nyberg, L. L. Magnusson Hanson, J. E. Ferrie, K. Ahola, L. Alfredsson, G. D. Batty, J. B. Bjorner, M. Borritz, H. Burr, J.-F. Chastang, R. de Graaf, N. Dragano, M. Hamer, M. Jokela, A. Knutsson, M. Koskenvuo, A. Koskinen, C. Leineweber, I. NiedhammerM. L. Nielsen, M. Nordin, T. Oksanen, J. H. Pejtersen, J. Pentti, I. Plaisier, P. Salo, A. Singh-Manoux, S. Suominen, M. Ten Have, T. Theorell, S. Toppinen-Tanner, J. Vahtera, A. Väänänen, P. J. M. Westerholm, H. Westerlund, E. I. Fransson, K. Heikkilä, M. Virtanen, R. Rugulies, M. Kivimäki, IPD-Work Consortium

Department of Public Health

138 Citations (Scopus)

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Adverse psychosocial working environments characterized by job strain (the combination of high demands and low control at work) are associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms among employees, but evidence on clinically diagnosed depression is scarce. We examined job strain as a risk factor for clinical depression.

METHOD: We identified published cohort studies from a systematic literature search in PubMed and PsycNET and obtained 14 cohort studies with unpublished individual-level data from the Individual-Participant-Data Meta-analysis in Working Populations (IPD-Work) Consortium. Summary estimates of the association were obtained using random-effects models. Individual-level data analyses were based on a pre-published study protocol.

RESULTS: We included six published studies with a total of 27 461 individuals and 914 incident cases of clinical depression. From unpublished datasets we included 120 221 individuals and 982 first episodes of hospital-treated clinical depression. Job strain was associated with an increased risk of clinical depression in both published [relative risk (RR) = 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.47-2.13] and unpublished datasets (RR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.04-1.55). Further individual participant analyses showed a similar association across sociodemographic subgroups and after excluding individuals with baseline somatic disease. The association was unchanged when excluding individuals with baseline depressive symptoms (RR = 1.25, 95% CI 0.94-1.65), but attenuated on adjustment for a continuous depressive symptoms score (RR = 1.03, 95% CI 0.81-1.32).

CONCLUSIONS: Job strain may precipitate clinical depression among employees. Future intervention studies should test whether job strain is a modifiable risk factor for depression.

Original language	English
Journal	Psychological Medicine
Volume	47
Issue number	8
Pages (from-to)	1342-1356
Number of pages	15
ISSN	0033-2917
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1017/S003329171600355X
Publication status	Published - 1 Jun 2017

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Madsen, I. E. H., Nyberg, S. T., Magnusson Hanson, L. L., Ferrie, J. E., Ahola, K., Alfredsson, L., Batty, G. D., Bjorner, J. B., Borritz, M., Burr, H., Chastang, J-F., de Graaf, R., Dragano, N., Hamer, M., Jokela, M., Knutsson, A., Koskenvuo, M., Koskinen, A., Leineweber, C., ... IPD-Work Consortium (2017). Job strain as a risk factor for clinical depression: systematic review and meta-analysis with additional individual participant data. Psychological Medicine, 47(8), 1342-1356. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003329171600355X

Madsen, IEH, Nyberg, ST, Magnusson Hanson, LL, Ferrie, JE, Ahola, K, Alfredsson, L, Batty, GD, Bjorner, JB, Borritz, M, Burr, H, Chastang, J-F, de Graaf, R, Dragano, N, Hamer, M, Jokela, M, Knutsson, A, Koskenvuo, M, Koskinen, A, Leineweber, C, Niedhammer, I, Nielsen, ML, Nordin, M, Oksanen, T, Pejtersen, JH, Pentti, J, Plaisier, I, Salo, P, Singh-Manoux, A, Suominen, S, Ten Have, M, Theorell, T, Toppinen-Tanner, S, Vahtera, J, Väänänen, A, Westerholm, PJM, Westerlund, H, Fransson, EI, Heikkilä, K, Virtanen, M, Rugulies, R, Kivimäki, M & IPD-Work Consortium 2017, 'Job strain as a risk factor for clinical depression: systematic review and meta-analysis with additional individual participant data', Psychological Medicine, vol. 47, no. 8, pp. 1342-1356. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003329171600355X

@article{10df95ede4b94f81aba90900ba863741,

title = "Job strain as a risk factor for clinical depression: systematic review and meta-analysis with additional individual participant data",

abstract = "BACKGROUND: Adverse psychosocial working environments characterized by job strain (the combination of high demands and low control at work) are associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms among employees, but evidence on clinically diagnosed depression is scarce. We examined job strain as a risk factor for clinical depression.METHOD: We identified published cohort studies from a systematic literature search in PubMed and PsycNET and obtained 14 cohort studies with unpublished individual-level data from the Individual-Participant-Data Meta-analysis in Working Populations (IPD-Work) Consortium. Summary estimates of the association were obtained using random-effects models. Individual-level data analyses were based on a pre-published study protocol.RESULTS: We included six published studies with a total of 27 461 individuals and 914 incident cases of clinical depression. From unpublished datasets we included 120 221 individuals and 982 first episodes of hospital-treated clinical depression. Job strain was associated with an increased risk of clinical depression in both published [relative risk (RR) = 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.47-2.13] and unpublished datasets (RR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.04-1.55). Further individual participant analyses showed a similar association across sociodemographic subgroups and after excluding individuals with baseline somatic disease. The association was unchanged when excluding individuals with baseline depressive symptoms (RR = 1.25, 95% CI 0.94-1.65), but attenuated on adjustment for a continuous depressive symptoms score (RR = 1.03, 95% CI 0.81-1.32).CONCLUSIONS: Job strain may precipitate clinical depression among employees. Future intervention studies should test whether job strain is a modifiable risk factor for depression.",

author = "Madsen, {I. E. H.} and Nyberg, {S. T.} and {Magnusson Hanson}, {L. L.} and Ferrie, {J. E.} and K. Ahola and L. Alfredsson and Batty, {G. D.} and Bjorner, {J. B.} and M. Borritz and H. Burr and J.-F. Chastang and {de Graaf}, R. and N. Dragano and M. Hamer and M. Jokela and A. Knutsson and M. Koskenvuo and A. Koskinen and C. Leineweber and I. Niedhammer and Nielsen, {M. L.} and M. Nordin and T. Oksanen and Pejtersen, {J. H.} and J. Pentti and I. Plaisier and P. Salo and A. Singh-Manoux and S. Suominen and {Ten Have}, M. and T. Theorell and S. Toppinen-Tanner and J. Vahtera and A. V{\"a}{\"a}n{\"a}nen and Westerholm, {P. J. M.} and H. Westerlund and Fransson, {E. I.} and K. Heikkil{\"a} and M. Virtanen and R. Rugulies and M. Kivim{\"a}ki and {IPD-Work Consortium}",

year = "2017",

month = jun,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1017/S003329171600355X",

language = "English",

volume = "47",

pages = "1342--1356",

journal = "Psychological Medicine",

issn = "0033-2917",

publisher = "Cambridge University Press",

number = "8",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Job strain as a risk factor for clinical depression

T2 - systematic review and meta-analysis with additional individual participant data

AU - Madsen, I. E. H.

AU - Nyberg, S. T.

AU - Magnusson Hanson, L. L.

AU - Ferrie, J. E.

AU - Ahola, K.

AU - Alfredsson, L.

AU - Batty, G. D.

AU - Bjorner, J. B.

AU - Borritz, M.

AU - Burr, H.

AU - Chastang, J.-F.

AU - de Graaf, R.

AU - Dragano, N.

AU - Hamer, M.

AU - Jokela, M.

AU - Knutsson, A.

AU - Koskenvuo, M.

AU - Koskinen, A.

AU - Leineweber, C.

AU - Niedhammer, I.

AU - Nielsen, M. L.

AU - Nordin, M.

AU - Oksanen, T.

AU - Pejtersen, J. H.

AU - Pentti, J.

AU - Plaisier, I.

AU - Salo, P.

AU - Singh-Manoux, A.

AU - Suominen, S.

AU - Ten Have, M.

AU - Theorell, T.

AU - Toppinen-Tanner, S.

AU - Vahtera, J.

AU - Väänänen, A.

AU - Westerholm, P. J. M.

AU - Westerlund, H.

AU - Fransson, E. I.

AU - Heikkilä, K.

AU - Virtanen, M.

AU - Rugulies, R.

AU - Kivimäki, M.

AU - IPD-Work Consortium

PY - 2017/6/1

Y1 - 2017/6/1

N2 - BACKGROUND: Adverse psychosocial working environments characterized by job strain (the combination of high demands and low control at work) are associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms among employees, but evidence on clinically diagnosed depression is scarce. We examined job strain as a risk factor for clinical depression.METHOD: We identified published cohort studies from a systematic literature search in PubMed and PsycNET and obtained 14 cohort studies with unpublished individual-level data from the Individual-Participant-Data Meta-analysis in Working Populations (IPD-Work) Consortium. Summary estimates of the association were obtained using random-effects models. Individual-level data analyses were based on a pre-published study protocol.RESULTS: We included six published studies with a total of 27 461 individuals and 914 incident cases of clinical depression. From unpublished datasets we included 120 221 individuals and 982 first episodes of hospital-treated clinical depression. Job strain was associated with an increased risk of clinical depression in both published [relative risk (RR) = 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.47-2.13] and unpublished datasets (RR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.04-1.55). Further individual participant analyses showed a similar association across sociodemographic subgroups and after excluding individuals with baseline somatic disease. The association was unchanged when excluding individuals with baseline depressive symptoms (RR = 1.25, 95% CI 0.94-1.65), but attenuated on adjustment for a continuous depressive symptoms score (RR = 1.03, 95% CI 0.81-1.32).CONCLUSIONS: Job strain may precipitate clinical depression among employees. Future intervention studies should test whether job strain is a modifiable risk factor for depression.

AB - BACKGROUND: Adverse psychosocial working environments characterized by job strain (the combination of high demands and low control at work) are associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms among employees, but evidence on clinically diagnosed depression is scarce. We examined job strain as a risk factor for clinical depression.METHOD: We identified published cohort studies from a systematic literature search in PubMed and PsycNET and obtained 14 cohort studies with unpublished individual-level data from the Individual-Participant-Data Meta-analysis in Working Populations (IPD-Work) Consortium. Summary estimates of the association were obtained using random-effects models. Individual-level data analyses were based on a pre-published study protocol.RESULTS: We included six published studies with a total of 27 461 individuals and 914 incident cases of clinical depression. From unpublished datasets we included 120 221 individuals and 982 first episodes of hospital-treated clinical depression. Job strain was associated with an increased risk of clinical depression in both published [relative risk (RR) = 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.47-2.13] and unpublished datasets (RR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.04-1.55). Further individual participant analyses showed a similar association across sociodemographic subgroups and after excluding individuals with baseline somatic disease. The association was unchanged when excluding individuals with baseline depressive symptoms (RR = 1.25, 95% CI 0.94-1.65), but attenuated on adjustment for a continuous depressive symptoms score (RR = 1.03, 95% CI 0.81-1.32).CONCLUSIONS: Job strain may precipitate clinical depression among employees. Future intervention studies should test whether job strain is a modifiable risk factor for depression.

U2 - 10.1017/S003329171600355X

DO - 10.1017/S003329171600355X

M3 - Review

C2 - 28122650

SN - 0033-2917

VL - 47

SP - 1342

EP - 1356

JO - Psychological Medicine

JF - Psychological Medicine

IS - 8

ER -

Job strain as a risk factor for clinical depression: systematic review and meta-analysis with additional individual participant data

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