Jaw Muscle Disorders

TY - CHAP

T1 - Jaw Muscle Disorders

AU - Bakke, Merete

PY - 2015/1/1

Y1 - 2015/1/1

N2 - This chapter reviews the current knowledge of the etiology and physiology of jaw muscle disorders, and it presents an approach for their clinical assessment and treatment. Jaw muscle disorders are characterized by pain that is usually aggravated by function. They are present in 45% of patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), and women are affected more frequently than men are. Several contributing factors must be present for the development of jaw muscle disorders. No studies have yet fully explained the relative importance of potential risk factors. The masseter and medial pterygoid muscles serve primarily as sources of bite force, whereas the temporalis and lateral pterygoid muscles are important for jaw movements and stability. Overuse, in terms of sustained activity and high-level contractions without rest periods, is associated with raised intramuscular pressure, and it leads to local ischemia, increased cell membrane permeability, edema, and eventually cellular damage. Muscle pain is generally described as a continuous deep dull ache, tightness, or pressure. The onset is normally gradual, and may vary from a feeling of tiredness to a more severe sharp pain. The pain could result from trauma, sustained or forceful contractions, and stretching or ischemia but may also be referred from other structures (e.g., temporomandibular joints [TMJs]). Local conditions, such as inflammation, increase the receptivity of the pain receptors, lowering their threshold for activation and thus the sensation of pain. A comprehensive evaluation of the jaw muscles includes a systematic history and clinical examination. The clinical examination has two main purposes: to assess jaw function and, if possible, to make controlled and standardized provoking of the patient's pain.

AB - This chapter reviews the current knowledge of the etiology and physiology of jaw muscle disorders, and it presents an approach for their clinical assessment and treatment. Jaw muscle disorders are characterized by pain that is usually aggravated by function. They are present in 45% of patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), and women are affected more frequently than men are. Several contributing factors must be present for the development of jaw muscle disorders. No studies have yet fully explained the relative importance of potential risk factors. The masseter and medial pterygoid muscles serve primarily as sources of bite force, whereas the temporalis and lateral pterygoid muscles are important for jaw movements and stability. Overuse, in terms of sustained activity and high-level contractions without rest periods, is associated with raised intramuscular pressure, and it leads to local ischemia, increased cell membrane permeability, edema, and eventually cellular damage. Muscle pain is generally described as a continuous deep dull ache, tightness, or pressure. The onset is normally gradual, and may vary from a feeling of tiredness to a more severe sharp pain. The pain could result from trauma, sustained or forceful contractions, and stretching or ischemia but may also be referred from other structures (e.g., temporomandibular joints [TMJs]). Local conditions, such as inflammation, increase the receptivity of the pain receptors, lowering their threshold for activation and thus the sensation of pain. A comprehensive evaluation of the jaw muscles includes a systematic history and clinical examination. The clinical examination has two main purposes: to assess jaw function and, if possible, to make controlled and standardized provoking of the patient's pain.

UR - http://store.elsevier.com/Functional-Occlusion-in-Restorative-Dentistry-and-Prosthodontics/Iven-Klineberg/isbn-9780723438090/

M3 - Book chapter

SN - 978-0-7234-3809-0

SP - 173

EP - 189

BT - Functional Occlusion in Restorative Dentistry and Prosthodontics

A2 - Klineberg, Iven

A2 - Eckert, Steven E.

PB - Elsevier

ER -