TY - JOUR
T1 - Interferon-γ inhibits ghrelin expression and secretion via a somatostatin-mediated mechanism
AU - Strickertsson, Jesper A B
AU - Døssing, Kristina B V
AU - Aabakke, Anna JM
AU - Nilsson, Hans-Olof
AU - Hansen, Thomas V O
AU - Knigge, Ulrich
AU - Kjær, Andreas
AU - Wadström, Torkel
AU - Friis-Hansen, Lennart
PY - 2011/7/14
Y1 - 2011/7/14
N2 - AIM: To investigate if and how the proinflammatory cytokine interferon γ (IFNγ) affects ghrelin expression in mice. METHODS: The plasma concentration of ghrelin, and gastric ghrelin and somatostatin expression, were examined in wild-type mice and mice infected with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Furthermore, ghrelin expression was examined in two achlorhydric mouse models with varying degrees of gastritis due to bacterial overgrowth. To study the effect of IFNγ alone, mice were given a subcutaneous infusion of IFNγ for 7 d. Finally, the influence of IFNγ and somatostatin on the ghrelin promoter was characterized. RESULTS: H. pylori infection was associated with a 50% reduction in ghrelin expression and plasma concentration. Suppression of ghrelin expression was inversely correlated with gastric inflammation in achlorhdyric mouse models. Subcutaneous infusion of IFNγ suppressed fundic ghrelin mRNA expression and plasma ghrelin concentrations. Finally, we showed that the ghrelin promoter operates under the control of somatostatin but not under that of IFNγ. CONCLUSION: Gastric infection and inflammation is associated with increased IFNγ expression and reduced ghrelin expression. IFNγ does not directly control ghrelin expression but inhibits it indirectly via somatostatin.
AB - AIM: To investigate if and how the proinflammatory cytokine interferon γ (IFNγ) affects ghrelin expression in mice. METHODS: The plasma concentration of ghrelin, and gastric ghrelin and somatostatin expression, were examined in wild-type mice and mice infected with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Furthermore, ghrelin expression was examined in two achlorhydric mouse models with varying degrees of gastritis due to bacterial overgrowth. To study the effect of IFNγ alone, mice were given a subcutaneous infusion of IFNγ for 7 d. Finally, the influence of IFNγ and somatostatin on the ghrelin promoter was characterized. RESULTS: H. pylori infection was associated with a 50% reduction in ghrelin expression and plasma concentration. Suppression of ghrelin expression was inversely correlated with gastric inflammation in achlorhdyric mouse models. Subcutaneous infusion of IFNγ suppressed fundic ghrelin mRNA expression and plasma ghrelin concentrations. Finally, we showed that the ghrelin promoter operates under the control of somatostatin but not under that of IFNγ. CONCLUSION: Gastric infection and inflammation is associated with increased IFNγ expression and reduced ghrelin expression. IFNγ does not directly control ghrelin expression but inhibits it indirectly via somatostatin.
U2 - http://dx.doi.org/ 10.3748/wjg.v17.i26.3117
DO - http://dx.doi.org/ 10.3748/wjg.v17.i26.3117
M3 - Journal article
SN - 1009-3079
VL - 17
SP - 3117
EP - 3125
JO - World Chinese Journal of Digestology
JF - World Chinese Journal of Digestology
IS - 26
ER -