TY - JOUR
T1 - Infections, Anti-infective Agents, and Risk of Deliberate Self-harm and Suicide in a Young Cohort
T2 - A Nationwide Study
AU - Gjervig Hansen, Helene
AU - Köhler-Forsberg, Ole
AU - Petersen, Liselotte
AU - Nordentoft, Merete
AU - Postolache, Teodor T
AU - Erlangsen, Annette
AU - Benros, Michael E
N1 - Copyright © 2018 Society of Biological Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
PY - 2019/5/1
Y1 - 2019/5/1
N2 - Background: Evidence links infections to mental disorders and suicidal behavior. However, knowledge is sparse regarding less severe infections, anti-infective treatment, and deliberate self-harm. Using nationwide Danish longitudinal registers, we estimated associations between infections treated with anti-infective agents and infections requiring hospitalization with the risk of deliberate self-harm. Methods: A total of 1.3 million people born between 1977 and 2002 were followed during the period from 1995 to 2013. In total, 15,042 individuals were recorded with deliberate self-harm (92% had been treated with anti-infective agents and 19% had been hospitalized for infections) and 114 died by suicide (64% had been treated with anti-infective agents and 13% had been hospitalized for infections). Hazard rate ratios were obtained while adjusting for age, gender, calendar period, education, hospitalizations with infections, prescribed anti-infective agents during childhood, parental mental disorders, and parental deliberate self-harm. Results: Individuals with infections treated with anti-infective agents had an increased risk of deliberate self-harm with a hazard rate ratio of 1.80 (95% confidence interval = 1.68–1.91). The associations fitted a dose–response relationship (p <.001) and remained significant up to 5 years after last infection. An additive effect was found for individuals with an additional hospitalization for infections with an increased hazard rate ratio of 3.20 (95% confidence interval = 2.96–3.45) for deliberate self-harm. Conclusions: An increased risk of deliberate self-harm was found among individuals with infections treated with anti-infective agents in temporal and dose–response associations. These results add to the growing literature on a possible link between infections and the pathophysiological mechanisms of suicidal behavior.
AB - Background: Evidence links infections to mental disorders and suicidal behavior. However, knowledge is sparse regarding less severe infections, anti-infective treatment, and deliberate self-harm. Using nationwide Danish longitudinal registers, we estimated associations between infections treated with anti-infective agents and infections requiring hospitalization with the risk of deliberate self-harm. Methods: A total of 1.3 million people born between 1977 and 2002 were followed during the period from 1995 to 2013. In total, 15,042 individuals were recorded with deliberate self-harm (92% had been treated with anti-infective agents and 19% had been hospitalized for infections) and 114 died by suicide (64% had been treated with anti-infective agents and 13% had been hospitalized for infections). Hazard rate ratios were obtained while adjusting for age, gender, calendar period, education, hospitalizations with infections, prescribed anti-infective agents during childhood, parental mental disorders, and parental deliberate self-harm. Results: Individuals with infections treated with anti-infective agents had an increased risk of deliberate self-harm with a hazard rate ratio of 1.80 (95% confidence interval = 1.68–1.91). The associations fitted a dose–response relationship (p <.001) and remained significant up to 5 years after last infection. An additive effect was found for individuals with an additional hospitalization for infections with an increased hazard rate ratio of 3.20 (95% confidence interval = 2.96–3.45) for deliberate self-harm. Conclusions: An increased risk of deliberate self-harm was found among individuals with infections treated with anti-infective agents in temporal and dose–response associations. These results add to the growing literature on a possible link between infections and the pathophysiological mechanisms of suicidal behavior.
U2 - 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.11.008
DO - 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.11.008
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 30563760
SN - 0006-3223
VL - 85
SP - 744
EP - 751
JO - Biological Psychiatry
JF - Biological Psychiatry
IS - 9
ER -
