Increased leptin, decreased adiponectin and FGF21 concentrations in adolescent offspring of women with gestational diabetes

Freja Bach Kampmann; Anne Cathrine Baun Thuesen; Line Hjort; Anne Ahrendt Bjerregaard; Jorge Chavarro; Jan Frystyk; Mette Bjerre; Inge Tetens; Sjurdur F Olsen; Allan Vaag; Peter Damm; Louise Groth Grunnet

doi:10.1530/eje-19-0658

Increased leptin, decreased adiponectin and FGF21 concentrations in adolescent offspring of women with gestational diabetes

Freja Bach Kampmann^*, Anne Cathrine Baun Thuesen, Line Hjort, Anne Ahrendt Bjerregaard, Jorge Chavarro, Jan Frystyk, Mette Bjerre, Inge Tetens, Sjurdur F Olsen, Allan Vaag, Peter Damm, Louise Groth Grunnet

^*Corresponding author for this work

6 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Objective: Fetal exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increase s the risk of metabolic diseases in the offspring. Leptin, adiponectin, and fibroblast growth factor 21 ( FGF21) may play potential roles in the underlying disease mechanisms. We investigated the impact of fetal exposur e to GDM on leptin, adiponectin, and FGF21 concentrations and their associations with measures of adiposit y and metabolic traits during childhood/adolescence. Design and methods: The follow-up study included 504 GDM and 540 control offspring aged 9-16 from the Danish National Birth Cohort. Anthropometric measurements, fasting blood samples, puberty status and fat percentages by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were examined. Serum concen trations of leptin, adiponectin, and FGF21 were measured by validated immune assays. Results: GDM offspring had 38% (95% CI: 22-55%) higher leptin, 0.6 mg/L (95% CI: -1.2, -0.04 mg/L) lower adiponectin, and 32% (95% CI: -47%, -12%) lower FGF21 concentrations than control offspring (P < 0.05). After adjustment for confounders including maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, GDM offspring had borderline higher leptin (P = 0.06) and significantly lower FGF21 concentrations (P = 0.006). When accounting for offspring BMI z-score, GDM exposure had no significant independent effect on leptin or adiponectin concen trations, whereas FGF21 was still significant. In univariate analyses, leptin and adiponectin were associated wit h fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and adiposity, and FGF21 with total fat percentage. Conclusions: GDM offspring had higher leptin, lower adiponectin and FGF21 co ncentrations than control offspring. Elevated leptin and decreased adiponectin concentrations associated with adverse metabolic traits and were most likely driven by higher obesity prevalence among GDM offspring. The functional implications of decreased FGF21 concentrations among GDM offspring need to be further explored.

Original language	English
Journal	European Journal of Endocrinology
Volume	181
Issue number	6
Pages (from-to)	691-700
Number of pages	10
ISSN	0804-4643
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1530/eje-19-0658
Publication status	Published - 2019

Keywords

Faculty of Science
Adiponectin
Adiposity
Developmental programming
Fibroblast growth factor 21
Gestational diabetes mellitus
Leptin
Offspring metabolic health

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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Kampmann, F. B., Thuesen, A. C. B., Hjort, L., Bjerregaard, A. A., Chavarro, J., Frystyk, J., Bjerre, M., Tetens, I., Olsen, S. F., Vaag, A., Damm, P., & Grunnet, L. G. (2019). Increased leptin, decreased adiponectin and FGF21 concentrations in adolescent offspring of women with gestational diabetes. European Journal of Endocrinology, 181(6), 691-700. https://doi.org/10.1530/eje-19-0658

Kampmann, FB, Thuesen, ACB, Hjort, L, Bjerregaard, AA, Chavarro, J, Frystyk, J, Bjerre, M, Tetens, I , Olsen, SF, Vaag, A, Damm, P & Grunnet, LG 2019, 'Increased leptin, decreased adiponectin and FGF21 concentrations in adolescent offspring of women with gestational diabetes', European Journal of Endocrinology, vol. 181, no. 6, pp. 691-700. https://doi.org/10.1530/eje-19-0658

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title = "Increased leptin, decreased adiponectin and FGF21 concentrations in adolescent offspring of women with gestational diabetes",

abstract = "Objective: Fetal exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increase s the risk of metabolic diseases in the offspring. Leptin, adiponectin, and fibroblast growth factor 21 ( FGF21) may play potential roles in the underlying disease mechanisms. We investigated the impact of fetal exposur e to GDM on leptin, adiponectin, and FGF21 concentrations and their associations with measures of adiposit y and metabolic traits during childhood/adolescence. Design and methods: The follow-up study included 504 GDM and 540 control offspring aged 9-16 from the Danish National Birth Cohort. Anthropometric measurements, fasting blood samples, puberty status and fat percentages by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were examined. Serum concen trations of leptin, adiponectin, and FGF21 were measured by validated immune assays. Results: GDM offspring had 38% (95% CI: 22-55%) higher leptin, 0.6 mg/L (95% CI: -1.2, -0.04 mg/L) lower adiponectin, and 32% (95% CI: -47%, -12%) lower FGF21 concentrations than control offspring (P < 0.05). After adjustment for confounders including maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, GDM offspring had borderline higher leptin (P = 0.06) and significantly lower FGF21 concentrations (P = 0.006). When accounting for offspring BMI z-score, GDM exposure had no significant independent effect on leptin or adiponectin concen trations, whereas FGF21 was still significant. In univariate analyses, leptin and adiponectin were associated wit h fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and adiposity, and FGF21 with total fat percentage. Conclusions: GDM offspring had higher leptin, lower adiponectin and FGF21 co ncentrations than control offspring. Elevated leptin and decreased adiponectin concentrations associated with adverse metabolic traits and were most likely driven by higher obesity prevalence among GDM offspring. The functional implications of decreased FGF21 concentrations among GDM offspring need to be further explored.",

keywords = "Faculty of Science, Adiponectin, Adiposity, Developmental programming, Fibroblast growth factor 21, Gestational diabetes mellitus, Leptin, Offspring metabolic health",

author = "Kampmann, {Freja Bach} and Thuesen, {Anne Cathrine Baun} and Line Hjort and Bjerregaard, {Anne Ahrendt} and Jorge Chavarro and Jan Frystyk and Mette Bjerre and Inge Tetens and Olsen, {Sjurdur F} and Allan Vaag and Peter Damm and Grunnet, {Louise Groth}",

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year = "2019",

doi = "10.1530/eje-19-0658",

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pages = "691--700",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Increased leptin, decreased adiponectin and FGF21 concentrations in adolescent offspring of women with gestational diabetes

AU - Kampmann, Freja Bach

AU - Thuesen, Anne Cathrine Baun

AU - Hjort, Line

AU - Bjerregaard, Anne Ahrendt

AU - Chavarro, Jorge

AU - Frystyk, Jan

AU - Bjerre, Mette

AU - Tetens, Inge

AU - Olsen, Sjurdur F

AU - Vaag, Allan

AU - Damm, Peter

AU - Grunnet, Louise Groth

N1 - CURIS 2019 NEXS 369

PY - 2019

Y1 - 2019

N2 - Objective: Fetal exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increase s the risk of metabolic diseases in the offspring. Leptin, adiponectin, and fibroblast growth factor 21 ( FGF21) may play potential roles in the underlying disease mechanisms. We investigated the impact of fetal exposur e to GDM on leptin, adiponectin, and FGF21 concentrations and their associations with measures of adiposit y and metabolic traits during childhood/adolescence. Design and methods: The follow-up study included 504 GDM and 540 control offspring aged 9-16 from the Danish National Birth Cohort. Anthropometric measurements, fasting blood samples, puberty status and fat percentages by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were examined. Serum concen trations of leptin, adiponectin, and FGF21 were measured by validated immune assays. Results: GDM offspring had 38% (95% CI: 22-55%) higher leptin, 0.6 mg/L (95% CI: -1.2, -0.04 mg/L) lower adiponectin, and 32% (95% CI: -47%, -12%) lower FGF21 concentrations than control offspring (P < 0.05). After adjustment for confounders including maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, GDM offspring had borderline higher leptin (P = 0.06) and significantly lower FGF21 concentrations (P = 0.006). When accounting for offspring BMI z-score, GDM exposure had no significant independent effect on leptin or adiponectin concen trations, whereas FGF21 was still significant. In univariate analyses, leptin and adiponectin were associated wit h fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and adiposity, and FGF21 with total fat percentage. Conclusions: GDM offspring had higher leptin, lower adiponectin and FGF21 co ncentrations than control offspring. Elevated leptin and decreased adiponectin concentrations associated with adverse metabolic traits and were most likely driven by higher obesity prevalence among GDM offspring. The functional implications of decreased FGF21 concentrations among GDM offspring need to be further explored.

AB - Objective: Fetal exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increase s the risk of metabolic diseases in the offspring. Leptin, adiponectin, and fibroblast growth factor 21 ( FGF21) may play potential roles in the underlying disease mechanisms. We investigated the impact of fetal exposur e to GDM on leptin, adiponectin, and FGF21 concentrations and their associations with measures of adiposit y and metabolic traits during childhood/adolescence. Design and methods: The follow-up study included 504 GDM and 540 control offspring aged 9-16 from the Danish National Birth Cohort. Anthropometric measurements, fasting blood samples, puberty status and fat percentages by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were examined. Serum concen trations of leptin, adiponectin, and FGF21 were measured by validated immune assays. Results: GDM offspring had 38% (95% CI: 22-55%) higher leptin, 0.6 mg/L (95% CI: -1.2, -0.04 mg/L) lower adiponectin, and 32% (95% CI: -47%, -12%) lower FGF21 concentrations than control offspring (P < 0.05). After adjustment for confounders including maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, GDM offspring had borderline higher leptin (P = 0.06) and significantly lower FGF21 concentrations (P = 0.006). When accounting for offspring BMI z-score, GDM exposure had no significant independent effect on leptin or adiponectin concen trations, whereas FGF21 was still significant. In univariate analyses, leptin and adiponectin were associated wit h fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and adiposity, and FGF21 with total fat percentage. Conclusions: GDM offspring had higher leptin, lower adiponectin and FGF21 co ncentrations than control offspring. Elevated leptin and decreased adiponectin concentrations associated with adverse metabolic traits and were most likely driven by higher obesity prevalence among GDM offspring. The functional implications of decreased FGF21 concentrations among GDM offspring need to be further explored.

KW - Faculty of Science

KW - Adiponectin

KW - Adiposity

KW - Developmental programming

KW - Fibroblast growth factor 21

KW - Gestational diabetes mellitus

KW - Leptin

KW - Offspring metabolic health

U2 - 10.1530/eje-19-0658

DO - 10.1530/eje-19-0658

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 31639770

SN - 0804-4643

VL - 181

SP - 691

EP - 700

JO - European Journal of Endocrinology

JF - European Journal of Endocrinology

IS - 6

ER -

Increased leptin, decreased adiponectin and FGF21 concentrations in adolescent offspring of women with gestational diabetes

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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