Increased fat oxidation and regulation of metabolic genes with ultraendurance exercise

Jørn Wulff Helge; N J Rehrer; H Pilegaard; P Manning; S. J. E. Lucas; D F Gerrard; J D Cotter

doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.2007.01709.x

Increased fat oxidation and regulation of metabolic genes with ultraendurance exercise

Jørn Wulff Helge, N J Rehrer, H Pilegaard, P Manning, S. J. E. Lucas, D F Gerrard, J D Cotter

Molecular Integrative Physiology

18 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

AIM: Regular endurance exercise stimulates muscle metabolic capacity, but effects of very prolonged endurance exercise are largely unknown. This study examined muscle substrate availability and utilization during prolonged endurance exercise, and associated metabolic genes. METHODS: Data were obtained from 11 competitors of a 4- to 5-day, almost continuous ultraendurance race (seven males, four females; age: 36 +/- 11 years; cycling Vo(2peak): males 57.4 +/- 5.9, females 48.1 +/- 4.0 mL kg(-1) min(-1)). Before and after the race muscle biopsies were obtained from vastus lateralis, respiratory gases were sampled during cycling at 25 and 50% peak aerobic power output, venous samples were obtained, and fat mass was estimated by bioimpedance under standardized conditions. RESULTS: After the race fat mass was decreased by 1.6 +/- 0.4 kg (11%; P < 0.01). Respiratory exchange ratio at the 25 and 50% workloads decreased (P < 0.01) from 0.83 +/- 0.06 and 0.93 +/- 0.03 before, to 0.71 +/- 0.01 and 0.85 +/- 0.02, respectively, after the race. Plasma fatty acids were 3.5 times higher (from 298 +/- 74 to 1407 +/- 118 micromol L(-1); P < 0.01). Muscle glycogen content fell 50% (from 554 +/- 28 to 270 +/- 25 nmol kg(-1) d.w.; n = 7, P < 0.01), whereas the decline in muscle triacylglycerol (from 32 +/- 5 to 22 +/- 3 mmol kg(-1) d.w.; P = 0.14) was not statistically significant. After the race, muscle mRNA content of lipoprotein lipase and glycogen synthase increased (P < 0.05) 3.9- and 1.7-fold, respectively, while forkhead homolog in rhabdomyosarcoma, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 and vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA tended (P < 0.10) to be higher, whereas muscle peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator-1beta mRNA tended to be lower (P = 0.06). CONCLUSION: Very prolonged exercise markedly increases plasma fatty acid availability and fat utilization during exercise. Exercise-induced regulation of genes encoding proteins involved in fatty acid recruitment and oxidation may contribute to these changes.

Original language	English
Journal	Acta Physiologica (Print Edition)
Volume	191
Issue number	1
Pages (from-to)	77-86
Number of pages	9
ISSN	1748-1708
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.2007.01709.x
Publication status	Published - 2007

Access to Document

10.1111/j.1748-1716.2007.01709.x

Cite this

@article{1b3e3700ec9411ddbf70000ea68e967b,

title = "Increased fat oxidation and regulation of metabolic genes with ultraendurance exercise",

abstract = "AIM: Regular endurance exercise stimulates muscle metabolic capacity, but effects of very prolonged endurance exercise are largely unknown. This study examined muscle substrate availability and utilization during prolonged endurance exercise, and associated metabolic genes. METHODS: Data were obtained from 11 competitors of a 4- to 5-day, almost continuous ultraendurance race (seven males, four females; age: 36 +/- 11 years; cycling Vo(2peak): males 57.4 +/- 5.9, females 48.1 +/- 4.0 mL kg(-1) min(-1)). Before and after the race muscle biopsies were obtained from vastus lateralis, respiratory gases were sampled during cycling at 25 and 50% peak aerobic power output, venous samples were obtained, and fat mass was estimated by bioimpedance under standardized conditions. RESULTS: After the race fat mass was decreased by 1.6 +/- 0.4 kg (11%; P < 0.01). Respiratory exchange ratio at the 25 and 50% workloads decreased (P < 0.01) from 0.83 +/- 0.06 and 0.93 +/- 0.03 before, to 0.71 +/- 0.01 and 0.85 +/- 0.02, respectively, after the race. Plasma fatty acids were 3.5 times higher (from 298 +/- 74 to 1407 +/- 118 micromol L(-1); P < 0.01). Muscle glycogen content fell 50% (from 554 +/- 28 to 270 +/- 25 nmol kg(-1) d.w.; n = 7, P < 0.01), whereas the decline in muscle triacylglycerol (from 32 +/- 5 to 22 +/- 3 mmol kg(-1) d.w.; P = 0.14) was not statistically significant. After the race, muscle mRNA content of lipoprotein lipase and glycogen synthase increased (P < 0.05) 3.9- and 1.7-fold, respectively, while forkhead homolog in rhabdomyosarcoma, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 and vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA tended (P < 0.10) to be higher, whereas muscle peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator-1beta mRNA tended to be lower (P = 0.06). CONCLUSION: Very prolonged exercise markedly increases plasma fatty acid availability and fat utilization during exercise. Exercise-induced regulation of genes encoding proteins involved in fatty acid recruitment and oxidation may contribute to these changes.",

author = "Helge, {J{\o}rn Wulff} and Rehrer, {N J} and H Pilegaard and P Manning and Lucas, {S. J. E.} and Gerrard, {D F} and Cotter, {J D}",

note = "Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Biopsy; Body Composition; Carrier Proteins; Electric Impedance; Fatty Acids; Female; Forkhead Transcription Factors; Gene Expression Regulation; Glycogen; Glycogen Synthase; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Lipoprotein Lipase; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxidation-Reduction; Physical Endurance; Protein Kinases; Pulmonary Gas Exchange; RNA, Messenger; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A",

year = "2007",

doi = "10.1111/j.1748-1716.2007.01709.x",

language = "English",

volume = "191",

pages = "77--86",

journal = "Acta Physiologica",

issn = "1748-1708",

publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",

number = "1",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Increased fat oxidation and regulation of metabolic genes with ultraendurance exercise

AU - Helge, Jørn Wulff

AU - Rehrer, N J

AU - Pilegaard, H

AU - Manning, P

AU - Lucas, S. J. E.

AU - Gerrard, D F

AU - Cotter, J D

N1 - Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Biopsy; Body Composition; Carrier Proteins; Electric Impedance; Fatty Acids; Female; Forkhead Transcription Factors; Gene Expression Regulation; Glycogen; Glycogen Synthase; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Lipoprotein Lipase; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxidation-Reduction; Physical Endurance; Protein Kinases; Pulmonary Gas Exchange; RNA, Messenger; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

PY - 2007

Y1 - 2007

N2 - AIM: Regular endurance exercise stimulates muscle metabolic capacity, but effects of very prolonged endurance exercise are largely unknown. This study examined muscle substrate availability and utilization during prolonged endurance exercise, and associated metabolic genes. METHODS: Data were obtained from 11 competitors of a 4- to 5-day, almost continuous ultraendurance race (seven males, four females; age: 36 +/- 11 years; cycling Vo(2peak): males 57.4 +/- 5.9, females 48.1 +/- 4.0 mL kg(-1) min(-1)). Before and after the race muscle biopsies were obtained from vastus lateralis, respiratory gases were sampled during cycling at 25 and 50% peak aerobic power output, venous samples were obtained, and fat mass was estimated by bioimpedance under standardized conditions. RESULTS: After the race fat mass was decreased by 1.6 +/- 0.4 kg (11%; P < 0.01). Respiratory exchange ratio at the 25 and 50% workloads decreased (P < 0.01) from 0.83 +/- 0.06 and 0.93 +/- 0.03 before, to 0.71 +/- 0.01 and 0.85 +/- 0.02, respectively, after the race. Plasma fatty acids were 3.5 times higher (from 298 +/- 74 to 1407 +/- 118 micromol L(-1); P < 0.01). Muscle glycogen content fell 50% (from 554 +/- 28 to 270 +/- 25 nmol kg(-1) d.w.; n = 7, P < 0.01), whereas the decline in muscle triacylglycerol (from 32 +/- 5 to 22 +/- 3 mmol kg(-1) d.w.; P = 0.14) was not statistically significant. After the race, muscle mRNA content of lipoprotein lipase and glycogen synthase increased (P < 0.05) 3.9- and 1.7-fold, respectively, while forkhead homolog in rhabdomyosarcoma, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 and vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA tended (P < 0.10) to be higher, whereas muscle peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator-1beta mRNA tended to be lower (P = 0.06). CONCLUSION: Very prolonged exercise markedly increases plasma fatty acid availability and fat utilization during exercise. Exercise-induced regulation of genes encoding proteins involved in fatty acid recruitment and oxidation may contribute to these changes.

AB - AIM: Regular endurance exercise stimulates muscle metabolic capacity, but effects of very prolonged endurance exercise are largely unknown. This study examined muscle substrate availability and utilization during prolonged endurance exercise, and associated metabolic genes. METHODS: Data were obtained from 11 competitors of a 4- to 5-day, almost continuous ultraendurance race (seven males, four females; age: 36 +/- 11 years; cycling Vo(2peak): males 57.4 +/- 5.9, females 48.1 +/- 4.0 mL kg(-1) min(-1)). Before and after the race muscle biopsies were obtained from vastus lateralis, respiratory gases were sampled during cycling at 25 and 50% peak aerobic power output, venous samples were obtained, and fat mass was estimated by bioimpedance under standardized conditions. RESULTS: After the race fat mass was decreased by 1.6 +/- 0.4 kg (11%; P < 0.01). Respiratory exchange ratio at the 25 and 50% workloads decreased (P < 0.01) from 0.83 +/- 0.06 and 0.93 +/- 0.03 before, to 0.71 +/- 0.01 and 0.85 +/- 0.02, respectively, after the race. Plasma fatty acids were 3.5 times higher (from 298 +/- 74 to 1407 +/- 118 micromol L(-1); P < 0.01). Muscle glycogen content fell 50% (from 554 +/- 28 to 270 +/- 25 nmol kg(-1) d.w.; n = 7, P < 0.01), whereas the decline in muscle triacylglycerol (from 32 +/- 5 to 22 +/- 3 mmol kg(-1) d.w.; P = 0.14) was not statistically significant. After the race, muscle mRNA content of lipoprotein lipase and glycogen synthase increased (P < 0.05) 3.9- and 1.7-fold, respectively, while forkhead homolog in rhabdomyosarcoma, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 and vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA tended (P < 0.10) to be higher, whereas muscle peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator-1beta mRNA tended to be lower (P = 0.06). CONCLUSION: Very prolonged exercise markedly increases plasma fatty acid availability and fat utilization during exercise. Exercise-induced regulation of genes encoding proteins involved in fatty acid recruitment and oxidation may contribute to these changes.

U2 - 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2007.01709.x

DO - 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2007.01709.x

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 17488246

SN - 1748-1708

VL - 191

SP - 77

EP - 86

JO - Acta Physiologica

JF - Acta Physiologica

IS - 1

ER -

Increased fat oxidation and regulation of metabolic genes with ultraendurance exercise

Abstract

Access to Document

Fingerprint

Cite this