Immune Mechanisms in Myelodysplastic Syndrome

TY - JOUR

T1 - Immune Mechanisms in Myelodysplastic Syndrome

AU - Glenthøj, Andreas

AU - Ørskov, Andreas Due

AU - Hansen, Jakob Werner

AU - Hadrup, Sine Reker

AU - O'Connell, Casey

AU - Grønbæk, Kirsten

PY - 2016/6/15

Y1 - 2016/6/15

N2 - Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a spectrum of diseases, characterized by debilitating cytopenias and a propensity of developing acute myeloid leukemia. Comprehensive sequencing efforts have revealed a range of mutations characteristic, but not specific, of MDS. Epidemiologically, autoimmune diseases are common in patients with MDS, fueling hypotheses of common etiological mechanisms. Both innate and adaptive immune pathways are overly active in the hematopoietic niche of MDS. Although supportive care, growth factors, and hypomethylating agents are the mainstay of MDS treatment, some patients-especially younger low-risk patients with HLA-DR15 tissue type-demonstrate impressive response rates after immunosuppressive therapy. This is in contrast to higher-risk MDS patients, where several immune activating treatments, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, are in the pipeline. Thus, the dual role of immune mechanisms in MDS is challenging, and rigorous translational studies are needed to establish the value of immune manipulation as a treatment of MDS.

AB - Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a spectrum of diseases, characterized by debilitating cytopenias and a propensity of developing acute myeloid leukemia. Comprehensive sequencing efforts have revealed a range of mutations characteristic, but not specific, of MDS. Epidemiologically, autoimmune diseases are common in patients with MDS, fueling hypotheses of common etiological mechanisms. Both innate and adaptive immune pathways are overly active in the hematopoietic niche of MDS. Although supportive care, growth factors, and hypomethylating agents are the mainstay of MDS treatment, some patients-especially younger low-risk patients with HLA-DR15 tissue type-demonstrate impressive response rates after immunosuppressive therapy. This is in contrast to higher-risk MDS patients, where several immune activating treatments, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, are in the pipeline. Thus, the dual role of immune mechanisms in MDS is challenging, and rigorous translational studies are needed to establish the value of immune manipulation as a treatment of MDS.

KW - Autoimmune Diseases

KW - Autoimmunity

KW - Humans

KW - Immune System

KW - Immunity

KW - Immunomodulation

KW - Immunosuppression

KW - Immunosuppressive Agents

KW - Myelodysplastic Syndromes

KW - Journal Article

KW - Review

U2 - 10.3390/ijms17060944

DO - 10.3390/ijms17060944

M3 - Review

C2 - 27314337

SN - 1661-6596

VL - 17

JO - International Journal of Molecular Sciences (Online)

JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences (Online)

IS - 6

M1 - 944

ER -