Illusory sensation of movement induced by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

Mark Schram Christensen; Jesper Lundbye-Jensen; Michael James Grey; Alexandra Damgaard Vejlby; Bo Belhage; Jens Bo Nielsen; Mark Schram Christensen; Jesper Lundbye Jensen; Michael James Grey; Alexandra Damgaard Vejlby; Bo Belhage; Jens Bo Holm-Nielsen

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013301

Illusory sensation of movement induced by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

Mark Schram Christensen, Jesper Lundbye-Jensen, Michael James Grey, Alexandra Damgaard Vejlby, Bo Belhage, Jens Bo Nielsen, Mark Schram Christensen, Jesper Lundbye Jensen, Michael James Grey, Alexandra Damgaard Vejlby, Bo Belhage, Jens Bo Holm-Nielsen

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Abstract

Human movement sense relies on both somatosensory feedback and on knowledge of the motor commands used to produce the movement. We have induced a movement illusion using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over primary motor cortex and dorsal premotor cortex in the absence of limb movement and its associated somatosensory feedback. Afferent and efferent neural signalling was abolished in the arm with ischemic nerve block, and in the leg with spinal nerve block. Movement sensation was assessed following trains of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation applied over primary motor cortex, dorsal premotor cortex, and a control area (posterior parietal cortex). Magnetic stimulation over primary motor cortex and dorsal premotor cortex produced a movement sensation that was significantly greater than stimulation over the control region. Movement sensation after dorsal premotor cortex stimulation was less affected by sensory and motor deprivation than was primary motor cortex stimulation. We propose that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over dorsal premotor cortex produces a corollary discharge that is perceived as movement.

Original language	English
Journal	P L o S One
Volume	5
Issue number	10
Pages (from-to)	e13301
ISSN	1932-6203
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0013301 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0013301
Publication status	Published - 2010

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Christensen, M. S., Lundbye-Jensen, J., Grey, M. J., Vejlby, A. D., Belhage, B., Nielsen, J. B., Christensen, M. S., Jensen, J. L., Grey, M. J., Vejlby, A. D., Belhage, B., & Holm-Nielsen, J. B. (2010). Illusory sensation of movement induced by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. P L o S One, 5(10), e13301. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0013301, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0013301

Christensen, MS , Lundbye-Jensen, J, Grey, MJ, Vejlby, AD, Belhage, B, Nielsen, JB, Christensen, MS, Jensen, JL, Grey, MJ, Vejlby, AD, Belhage, B & Holm-Nielsen, JB 2010, 'Illusory sensation of movement induced by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation', P L o S One, vol. 5, no. 10, pp. e13301. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0013301, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0013301

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abstract = "Human movement sense relies on both somatosensory feedback and on knowledge of the motor commands used to produce the movement. We have induced a movement illusion using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over primary motor cortex and dorsal premotor cortex in the absence of limb movement and its associated somatosensory feedback. Afferent and efferent neural signalling was abolished in the arm with ischemic nerve block, and in the leg with spinal nerve block. Movement sensation was assessed following trains of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation applied over primary motor cortex, dorsal premotor cortex, and a control area (posterior parietal cortex). Magnetic stimulation over primary motor cortex and dorsal premotor cortex produced a movement sensation that was significantly greater than stimulation over the control region. Movement sensation after dorsal premotor cortex stimulation was less affected by sensory and motor deprivation than was primary motor cortex stimulation. We propose that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over dorsal premotor cortex produces a corollary discharge that is perceived as movement.",

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AU - Nielsen, Jens Bo

AU - Christensen, Mark Schram

AU - Jensen, Jesper Lundbye

AU - Grey, Michael James

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AU - Belhage, Bo

AU - Holm-Nielsen, Jens Bo

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N2 - Human movement sense relies on both somatosensory feedback and on knowledge of the motor commands used to produce the movement. We have induced a movement illusion using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over primary motor cortex and dorsal premotor cortex in the absence of limb movement and its associated somatosensory feedback. Afferent and efferent neural signalling was abolished in the arm with ischemic nerve block, and in the leg with spinal nerve block. Movement sensation was assessed following trains of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation applied over primary motor cortex, dorsal premotor cortex, and a control area (posterior parietal cortex). Magnetic stimulation over primary motor cortex and dorsal premotor cortex produced a movement sensation that was significantly greater than stimulation over the control region. Movement sensation after dorsal premotor cortex stimulation was less affected by sensory and motor deprivation than was primary motor cortex stimulation. We propose that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over dorsal premotor cortex produces a corollary discharge that is perceived as movement.

AB - Human movement sense relies on both somatosensory feedback and on knowledge of the motor commands used to produce the movement. We have induced a movement illusion using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over primary motor cortex and dorsal premotor cortex in the absence of limb movement and its associated somatosensory feedback. Afferent and efferent neural signalling was abolished in the arm with ischemic nerve block, and in the leg with spinal nerve block. Movement sensation was assessed following trains of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation applied over primary motor cortex, dorsal premotor cortex, and a control area (posterior parietal cortex). Magnetic stimulation over primary motor cortex and dorsal premotor cortex produced a movement sensation that was significantly greater than stimulation over the control region. Movement sensation after dorsal premotor cortex stimulation was less affected by sensory and motor deprivation than was primary motor cortex stimulation. We propose that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over dorsal premotor cortex produces a corollary discharge that is perceived as movement.

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JO - PLoS Computational Biology

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Illusory sensation of movement induced by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

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