Hypochlorite- and hypobromite-mediated radical formation and its role in cell lysis

TY - JOUR

T1 - Hypochlorite- and hypobromite-mediated radical formation and its role in cell lysis

AU - Hawkins, C L

AU - Brown, B E

AU - Davies, Michael Jonathan

N1 - Copyright 2001 Academic Press.

PY - 2001/11/15

Y1 - 2001/11/15

N2 - Activated leukocytes generate the potent oxidants HOCl and HOBr via the formation of H(2)O(2) and the release of peroxidase enzymes (myeloperoxidase, eosinophil peroxidase). HOCl and HOBr are potent microbiocidal agents, but excessive or misplaced production can cause tissue damage and cell lysis. In this study it is shown that HOBr induces red blood cell lysis at approximately 10-fold lower concentrations than HOCl, whereas with monocyte (THP1) and macrophage (J774) cells HOCl and HOBr induce lysis at similar concentrations. The role of radical formation during lysis has been investigated by EPR spin trapping, and it is shown that reaction of both oxidants with each cell type generates cell-derived radicals. Red blood cells exposed to nonlytic doses of HOCl generate novel nitrogen-centered radicals whose formation is GSH dependent. In contrast, HOBr gives rise to nitrogen-centered, membrane-derived protein radicals. With lytic doses of either oxidant, protein (probably hemoglobin)-derived, nitrogen-centered radicals are observed. Unlike the red blood cells, treatment of monocytes and macrophages with HOCl gives significant radical formation only under conditions where cell lysis occurs concurrently. These radicals are nitrogen-centered, cell-protein-derived species and have parameters identical to those detected with red blood cells and HOBr. Exposure of these cells to HOBr did not give detectable radicals. Overall these experiments demonstrate that HOCl and HOBr react with different selectivity with cellular targets, and that this can result in radical formation. This radical generation can precede, and may play a role in, cell lysis.

AB - Activated leukocytes generate the potent oxidants HOCl and HOBr via the formation of H(2)O(2) and the release of peroxidase enzymes (myeloperoxidase, eosinophil peroxidase). HOCl and HOBr are potent microbiocidal agents, but excessive or misplaced production can cause tissue damage and cell lysis. In this study it is shown that HOBr induces red blood cell lysis at approximately 10-fold lower concentrations than HOCl, whereas with monocyte (THP1) and macrophage (J774) cells HOCl and HOBr induce lysis at similar concentrations. The role of radical formation during lysis has been investigated by EPR spin trapping, and it is shown that reaction of both oxidants with each cell type generates cell-derived radicals. Red blood cells exposed to nonlytic doses of HOCl generate novel nitrogen-centered radicals whose formation is GSH dependent. In contrast, HOBr gives rise to nitrogen-centered, membrane-derived protein radicals. With lytic doses of either oxidant, protein (probably hemoglobin)-derived, nitrogen-centered radicals are observed. Unlike the red blood cells, treatment of monocytes and macrophages with HOCl gives significant radical formation only under conditions where cell lysis occurs concurrently. These radicals are nitrogen-centered, cell-protein-derived species and have parameters identical to those detected with red blood cells and HOBr. Exposure of these cells to HOBr did not give detectable radicals. Overall these experiments demonstrate that HOCl and HOBr react with different selectivity with cellular targets, and that this can result in radical formation. This radical generation can precede, and may play a role in, cell lysis.

KW - Bromates

KW - Cell Line

KW - Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy

KW - Erythrocytes

KW - Free Radicals

KW - Humans

KW - Hydrogen Peroxide

KW - Hypochlorous Acid

KW - Macrophages

KW - Monocytes

KW - Nitrogen

KW - Oxygen

KW - Protein Binding

KW - Spin Trapping

KW - Time Factors

U2 - 10.1006/abbi.2001.2581

DO - 10.1006/abbi.2001.2581

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 11697850

SN - 0003-9861

VL - 395

SP - 137

EP - 145

JO - Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics

JF - Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics

IS - 2

ER -