High neonatal blood iron content is associated with the risk of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus

Julie Nyholm Kyvsgaard; Anne Julie Overgaard; Steffen Ullitz Thorsen; Thomas Hesselhøj Hansen; Christian Bressen Pipper; Henrik B. Mortensen; Flemming Pociot; Jannet Svensson

doi:10.3390/nu9111221

High neonatal blood iron content is associated with the risk of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus

Julie Nyholm Kyvsgaard, Anne Julie Overgaard, Steffen Ullitz Thorsen, Thomas Hesselhøj Hansen, Christian Bressen Pipper, Henrik B. Mortensen, Flemming Pociot, Jannet Svensson

6 Citations (Scopus)

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Abstract

(1) Background: Iron requirement increases during pregnancy and iron supplementation is therefore recommended in many countries. However, excessive iron intake may lead to destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Therefore, we aim to test if higher neonatal iron content in blood is associated with the risk of developing type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) in childhood; (2) Methods: A case-control study was conducted, including 199 children diagnosed with T1D before the age of 16 years from 1991 to 2005 and 199 controls matched on date of birth. Information on confounders was available in 181 cases and 154 controls. Iron was measured on a neonatal single dried blood spot sample and was analyzed by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate if iron content in whole blood was associated with the risk of T1D; (3) Results: A doubling of iron content increased the odds of developing T1D more than two-fold (odds ratio (95% CI), 2.55 (1.04; 6.24)). Iron content increased with maternal age (p = 0.04) and girls had higher content than boys (p = 0.01); (4) Conclusions: Higher neonatal iron content associates to an increased risk of developing T1D before the age of 16 years. Iron supplementation during early childhood needs further investigation, including the causes of high iron in neonates.

Original language	English
Article number	1221
Journal	Nutrients
Volume	9
Issue number	11
Number of pages	10
ISSN	2072-6643
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9111221
Publication status	Published - Nov 2017

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This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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High Neonatal Blood Iron Content Is Associated with the Risk of Childhood Type 1 Diabetes MellitusFinal published version, 382 KB

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title = "High neonatal blood iron content is associated with the risk of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus",

abstract = "(1) Background: Iron requirement increases during pregnancy and iron supplementation is therefore recommended in many countries. However, excessive iron intake may lead to destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Therefore, we aim to test if higher neonatal iron content in blood is associated with the risk of developing type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) in childhood; (2) Methods: A case-control study was conducted, including 199 children diagnosed with T1D before the age of 16 years from 1991 to 2005 and 199 controls matched on date of birth. Information on confounders was available in 181 cases and 154 controls. Iron was measured on a neonatal single dried blood spot sample and was analyzed by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate if iron content in whole blood was associated with the risk of T1D; (3) Results: A doubling of iron content increased the odds of developing T1D more than two-fold (odds ratio (95% CI), 2.55 (1.04; 6.24)). Iron content increased with maternal age (p = 0.04) and girls had higher content than boys (p = 0.01); (4) Conclusions: Higher neonatal iron content associates to an increased risk of developing T1D before the age of 16 years. Iron supplementation during early childhood needs further investigation, including the causes of high iron in neonates.",

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author = "Kyvsgaard, {Julie Nyholm} and Overgaard, {Anne Julie} and Thorsen, {Steffen Ullitz} and Hansen, {Thomas Hesselh{\o}j} and Pipper, {Christian Bressen} and Mortensen, {Henrik B.} and Flemming Pociot and Jannet Svensson",

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T1 - High neonatal blood iron content is associated with the risk of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus

AU - Kyvsgaard, Julie Nyholm

AU - Overgaard, Anne Julie

AU - Thorsen, Steffen Ullitz

AU - Hansen, Thomas Hesselhøj

AU - Pipper, Christian Bressen

AU - Mortensen, Henrik B.

AU - Pociot, Flemming

AU - Svensson, Jannet

PY - 2017/11

Y1 - 2017/11

N2 - (1) Background: Iron requirement increases during pregnancy and iron supplementation is therefore recommended in many countries. However, excessive iron intake may lead to destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Therefore, we aim to test if higher neonatal iron content in blood is associated with the risk of developing type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) in childhood; (2) Methods: A case-control study was conducted, including 199 children diagnosed with T1D before the age of 16 years from 1991 to 2005 and 199 controls matched on date of birth. Information on confounders was available in 181 cases and 154 controls. Iron was measured on a neonatal single dried blood spot sample and was analyzed by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate if iron content in whole blood was associated with the risk of T1D; (3) Results: A doubling of iron content increased the odds of developing T1D more than two-fold (odds ratio (95% CI), 2.55 (1.04; 6.24)). Iron content increased with maternal age (p = 0.04) and girls had higher content than boys (p = 0.01); (4) Conclusions: Higher neonatal iron content associates to an increased risk of developing T1D before the age of 16 years. Iron supplementation during early childhood needs further investigation, including the causes of high iron in neonates.

AB - (1) Background: Iron requirement increases during pregnancy and iron supplementation is therefore recommended in many countries. However, excessive iron intake may lead to destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Therefore, we aim to test if higher neonatal iron content in blood is associated with the risk of developing type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) in childhood; (2) Methods: A case-control study was conducted, including 199 children diagnosed with T1D before the age of 16 years from 1991 to 2005 and 199 controls matched on date of birth. Information on confounders was available in 181 cases and 154 controls. Iron was measured on a neonatal single dried blood spot sample and was analyzed by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate if iron content in whole blood was associated with the risk of T1D; (3) Results: A doubling of iron content increased the odds of developing T1D more than two-fold (odds ratio (95% CI), 2.55 (1.04; 6.24)). Iron content increased with maternal age (p = 0.04) and girls had higher content than boys (p = 0.01); (4) Conclusions: Higher neonatal iron content associates to an increased risk of developing T1D before the age of 16 years. Iron supplementation during early childhood needs further investigation, including the causes of high iron in neonates.

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U2 - 10.3390/nu9111221

DO - 10.3390/nu9111221

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 29113123

SN - 2072-6643

VL - 9

JO - Nutrients

JF - Nutrients

IS - 11

M1 - 1221

ER -

High neonatal blood iron content is associated with the risk of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus

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