Heart rate, heart rate variability, and arrhythmias in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease

Caroline Elisabeth Rasmussen; Bo Torkel Falk; Nora Elisabeth Zois; Sophia Gry Moesgaard; J. Häggström; H. D. Pedersen; B. Åblad; H. Y. Nilsen; Lisbeth Høier Olsen

doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00842.x

Heart rate, heart rate variability, and arrhythmias in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease

Caroline Elisabeth Rasmussen, Bo Torkel Falk, Nora Elisabeth Zois, Sophia Gry Moesgaard, J. Häggström, H. D. Pedersen, B. Åblad, H. Y. Nilsen, Lisbeth Høier Olsen

Lifepharm

37 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Background: Autonomic modulation of heart rhythm is thought to influence the pathophysiology of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). Hypotheses: (1) Holter-derived variables reflecting autonomic modulation of heart rhythm change with MMVD severity in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS); (2) Holter-derived variables can identify MMVD severity in CKCS; and (3) Holter-derived variables in CKCS in congestive heart failure (CHF) secondary to MMVD differ from those in dogs of other breeds in CHF. Animals: Ninety privately owned dogs: 70 CKCS with variable MMVD severity and 20 non-CKCS in CHF secondary to MMVD. Methods: Dogs were prospectively recruited and divided into 5 MMVD severity groups based on history, breed, and physical and echocardiographic examination findings. Holter-derived variables included heart rate variability (HRV), heart rate (HR), and arrhythmia evaluated from 24-hour Holter recordings. Results: In CKCS, 18 of 26 HRV (all P < .0002) and 3 of 9 arrhythmia (all P < .0004) variables decreased with increasing MMVD, whereas minimum and mean HR (all P < .0001) increased with increasing MMVD severity. An arrhythmia variable representing sinus arrhythmia ("premature normals") (P < .0001) and the HRV variable triangular index (TI) (P < .0001) could distinguish CKCS with moderate or severe mitral regurgitation from CKCS in CHF in specific intervals. Among dogs in CHF, Holter-derived variables did not differ among breeds. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: In CKCS, Holter-derived variables changed with MMVD severity. "Premature normals" and TI showed diagnostic potential. Breed differences were not seen among dogs in CHF secondary to MMVD.

Original language	English
Journal	Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
Volume	26
Issue number	1
Pages (from-to)	76-84
Number of pages	9
ISSN	0891-6640
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00842.x
Publication status	Published - Jan 2012

Keywords

Animals
Arrhythmias, Cardiac
Dog Diseases
Dogs
Electrocardiography, Ambulatory
Female
Heart Failure
Heart Rate
Heart Valve Diseases
Male
Mitral Valve
Prospective Studies
Statistics, Nonparametric

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@article{457b724f610b44e6afbce305f0f66bf3,

title = "Heart rate, heart rate variability, and arrhythmias in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease",

abstract = "Background: Autonomic modulation of heart rhythm is thought to influence the pathophysiology of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). Hypotheses: (1) Holter-derived variables reflecting autonomic modulation of heart rhythm change with MMVD severity in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS); (2) Holter-derived variables can identify MMVD severity in CKCS; and (3) Holter-derived variables in CKCS in congestive heart failure (CHF) secondary to MMVD differ from those in dogs of other breeds in CHF. Animals: Ninety privately owned dogs: 70 CKCS with variable MMVD severity and 20 non-CKCS in CHF secondary to MMVD. Methods: Dogs were prospectively recruited and divided into 5 MMVD severity groups based on history, breed, and physical and echocardiographic examination findings. Holter-derived variables included heart rate variability (HRV), heart rate (HR), and arrhythmia evaluated from 24-hour Holter recordings. Results: In CKCS, 18 of 26 HRV (all P < .0002) and 3 of 9 arrhythmia (all P < .0004) variables decreased with increasing MMVD, whereas minimum and mean HR (all P < .0001) increased with increasing MMVD severity. An arrhythmia variable representing sinus arrhythmia ({"}premature normals{"}) (P < .0001) and the HRV variable triangular index (TI) (P < .0001) could distinguish CKCS with moderate or severe mitral regurgitation from CKCS in CHF in specific intervals. Among dogs in CHF, Holter-derived variables did not differ among breeds. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: In CKCS, Holter-derived variables changed with MMVD severity. {"}Premature normals{"} and TI showed diagnostic potential. Breed differences were not seen among dogs in CHF secondary to MMVD.",

keywords = "Animals, Arrhythmias, Cardiac, Dog Diseases, Dogs, Electrocardiography, Ambulatory, Female, Heart Failure, Heart Rate, Heart Valve Diseases, Male, Mitral Valve, Prospective Studies, Statistics, Nonparametric, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, Electrocardiography, Holter, Mitral valve prolapse",

author = "Rasmussen, {Caroline Elisabeth} and Falk, {Bo Torkel} and Zois, {Nora Elisabeth} and Moesgaard, {Sophia Gry} and J. H{\"a}ggstr{\"o}m and Pedersen, {H. D.} and B. {\AA}blad and Nilsen, {H. Y.} and Olsen, {Lisbeth H{\o}ier}",

note = "Copyright {\textcopyright} 2011 by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.",

year = "2012",

month = jan,

doi = "10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00842.x",

language = "English",

volume = "26",

pages = "76--84",

journal = "Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine",

issn = "0891-6640",

publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",

number = "1",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Heart rate, heart rate variability, and arrhythmias in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease

AU - Rasmussen, Caroline Elisabeth

AU - Falk, Bo Torkel

AU - Zois, Nora Elisabeth

AU - Moesgaard, Sophia Gry

AU - Häggström, J.

AU - Pedersen, H. D.

AU - Åblad, B.

AU - Nilsen, H. Y.

AU - Olsen, Lisbeth Høier

PY - 2012/1

Y1 - 2012/1

N2 - Background: Autonomic modulation of heart rhythm is thought to influence the pathophysiology of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). Hypotheses: (1) Holter-derived variables reflecting autonomic modulation of heart rhythm change with MMVD severity in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS); (2) Holter-derived variables can identify MMVD severity in CKCS; and (3) Holter-derived variables in CKCS in congestive heart failure (CHF) secondary to MMVD differ from those in dogs of other breeds in CHF. Animals: Ninety privately owned dogs: 70 CKCS with variable MMVD severity and 20 non-CKCS in CHF secondary to MMVD. Methods: Dogs were prospectively recruited and divided into 5 MMVD severity groups based on history, breed, and physical and echocardiographic examination findings. Holter-derived variables included heart rate variability (HRV), heart rate (HR), and arrhythmia evaluated from 24-hour Holter recordings. Results: In CKCS, 18 of 26 HRV (all P < .0002) and 3 of 9 arrhythmia (all P < .0004) variables decreased with increasing MMVD, whereas minimum and mean HR (all P < .0001) increased with increasing MMVD severity. An arrhythmia variable representing sinus arrhythmia ("premature normals") (P < .0001) and the HRV variable triangular index (TI) (P < .0001) could distinguish CKCS with moderate or severe mitral regurgitation from CKCS in CHF in specific intervals. Among dogs in CHF, Holter-derived variables did not differ among breeds. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: In CKCS, Holter-derived variables changed with MMVD severity. "Premature normals" and TI showed diagnostic potential. Breed differences were not seen among dogs in CHF secondary to MMVD.

AB - Background: Autonomic modulation of heart rhythm is thought to influence the pathophysiology of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). Hypotheses: (1) Holter-derived variables reflecting autonomic modulation of heart rhythm change with MMVD severity in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS); (2) Holter-derived variables can identify MMVD severity in CKCS; and (3) Holter-derived variables in CKCS in congestive heart failure (CHF) secondary to MMVD differ from those in dogs of other breeds in CHF. Animals: Ninety privately owned dogs: 70 CKCS with variable MMVD severity and 20 non-CKCS in CHF secondary to MMVD. Methods: Dogs were prospectively recruited and divided into 5 MMVD severity groups based on history, breed, and physical and echocardiographic examination findings. Holter-derived variables included heart rate variability (HRV), heart rate (HR), and arrhythmia evaluated from 24-hour Holter recordings. Results: In CKCS, 18 of 26 HRV (all P < .0002) and 3 of 9 arrhythmia (all P < .0004) variables decreased with increasing MMVD, whereas minimum and mean HR (all P < .0001) increased with increasing MMVD severity. An arrhythmia variable representing sinus arrhythmia ("premature normals") (P < .0001) and the HRV variable triangular index (TI) (P < .0001) could distinguish CKCS with moderate or severe mitral regurgitation from CKCS in CHF in specific intervals. Among dogs in CHF, Holter-derived variables did not differ among breeds. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: In CKCS, Holter-derived variables changed with MMVD severity. "Premature normals" and TI showed diagnostic potential. Breed differences were not seen among dogs in CHF secondary to MMVD.

KW - Animals

KW - Arrhythmias, Cardiac

KW - Dog Diseases

KW - Dogs

KW - Electrocardiography, Ambulatory

KW - Female

KW - Heart Failure

KW - Heart Rate

KW - Heart Valve Diseases

KW - Male

KW - Mitral Valve

KW - Prospective Studies

KW - Statistics, Nonparametric

KW - Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

KW - Electrocardiography

KW - Holter

KW - Mitral valve prolapse

U2 - 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00842.x

DO - 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00842.x

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 22151356

SN - 0891-6640

VL - 26

SP - 76

EP - 84

JO - Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

JF - Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

IS - 1

ER -

Heart rate, heart rate variability, and arrhythmias in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease

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