Google search patterns monitoring the daily health impact of heatwaves in England: How do the findings compare to established syndromic surveillance systems from 2013 to 2017?

Helen K. Green; Obaghe Edeghere; Alex J. Elliot; Ingemar J. Cox; Roger Morbey; Richard Pebody; Angie Bone; Rachel A. McKendry; Gillian E. Smith

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2018.04.002

Google search patterns monitoring the daily health impact of heatwaves in England: How do the findings compare to established syndromic surveillance systems from 2013 to 2017?

Helen K. Green, Obaghe Edeghere, Alex J. Elliot, Ingemar J. Cox, Roger Morbey, Richard Pebody, Angie Bone, Rachel A. McKendry, Gillian E. Smith^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

4 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

One of the implications of climate change is a predicted increase in frequent and severe heatwaves. The impact of heatwaves on the health of the population is captured through real-time syndromic healthcare surveillance systems monitored daily in England during the summer months. Internet search data could potentially provide improved timeliness and help to assess the wider population health impact of heat by capturing a population sub-group who are symptomatic but do not seek healthcare. A retrospective observational study was carried out from June 2013 to September 2017 in England to compare daily trends in validated syndromic surveillance heat-related morbidity indicators against symptom-based heatwave related Google search terms. The degree of correlation was determined with Spearman correlation coefficients and lag assessment was carried out to determine timeliness. Daily increases in frequency in Google search terms during heatwave events correlated well with validated syndromic indicators. Correlation coefficients between search term frequency and syndromic indicators from 2013 to 2017 were highest with the telehealth service NHS 111 (range of 0.684–0.900 by search term). Lag analysis revealed a similar timeliness between the data sources, suggesting Google data did not provide a delayed or earlier signal in the context of England's syndromic surveillance systems. This work highlights the potential benefits for countries which lack established public health surveillance systems to monitor heat-related morbidity and the use of internet search data to assess the wider population health impact of exposure to heat.

Original language	English
Journal	Environmental Research
Volume	166
Pages (from-to)	707-712
Number of pages	6
ISSN	0013-9351
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.04.002
Publication status	Published - 2018

Keywords

Heat-related illness
Heat-waves
Public health
Syndromic surveillance
Temperature

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1016/j.envres.2018.04.002

Cite this

Green, H. K., Edeghere, O., Elliot, A. J., Cox, I. J., Morbey, R., Pebody, R., Bone, A., McKendry, R. A., & Smith, G. E. (2018). Google search patterns monitoring the daily health impact of heatwaves in England: How do the findings compare to established syndromic surveillance systems from 2013 to 2017? Environmental Research, 166, 707-712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.04.002

Google search patterns monitoring the daily health impact of heatwaves in England: How do the findings compare to established syndromic surveillance systems from 2013 to 2017? / Green, Helen K.; Edeghere, Obaghe; Elliot, Alex J. et al.
In: Environmental Research, Vol. 166, 2018, p. 707-712.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

Green, HK, Edeghere, O, Elliot, AJ, Cox, IJ, Morbey, R, Pebody, R, Bone, A, McKendry, RA & Smith, GE 2018, 'Google search patterns monitoring the daily health impact of heatwaves in England: How do the findings compare to established syndromic surveillance systems from 2013 to 2017?', Environmental Research, vol. 166, pp. 707-712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.04.002

@article{058eb2000a8a44f7ada9ed8f613c6836,

title = "Google search patterns monitoring the daily health impact of heatwaves in England: How do the findings compare to established syndromic surveillance systems from 2013 to 2017?",

abstract = "One of the implications of climate change is a predicted increase in frequent and severe heatwaves. The impact of heatwaves on the health of the population is captured through real-time syndromic healthcare surveillance systems monitored daily in England during the summer months. Internet search data could potentially provide improved timeliness and help to assess the wider population health impact of heat by capturing a population sub-group who are symptomatic but do not seek healthcare. A retrospective observational study was carried out from June 2013 to September 2017 in England to compare daily trends in validated syndromic surveillance heat-related morbidity indicators against symptom-based heatwave related Google search terms. The degree of correlation was determined with Spearman correlation coefficients and lag assessment was carried out to determine timeliness. Daily increases in frequency in Google search terms during heatwave events correlated well with validated syndromic indicators. Correlation coefficients between search term frequency and syndromic indicators from 2013 to 2017 were highest with the telehealth service NHS 111 (range of 0.684–0.900 by search term). Lag analysis revealed a similar timeliness between the data sources, suggesting Google data did not provide a delayed or earlier signal in the context of England's syndromic surveillance systems. This work highlights the potential benefits for countries which lack established public health surveillance systems to monitor heat-related morbidity and the use of internet search data to assess the wider population health impact of exposure to heat.",

keywords = "Heat-related illness, Heat-waves, Public health, Syndromic surveillance, Temperature",

author = "Green, {Helen K.} and Obaghe Edeghere and Elliot, {Alex J.} and Cox, {Ingemar J.} and Roger Morbey and Richard Pebody and Angie Bone and McKendry, {Rachel A.} and Smith, {Gillian E.}",

year = "2018",

doi = "10.1016/j.envres.2018.04.002",

language = "English",

volume = "166",

pages = "707--712",

journal = "Environmental Research",

issn = "0013-9351",

publisher = "Academic Press",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Google search patterns monitoring the daily health impact of heatwaves in England

T2 - How do the findings compare to established syndromic surveillance systems from 2013 to 2017?

AU - Green, Helen K.

AU - Edeghere, Obaghe

AU - Elliot, Alex J.

AU - Cox, Ingemar J.

AU - Morbey, Roger

AU - Pebody, Richard

AU - Bone, Angie

AU - McKendry, Rachel A.

AU - Smith, Gillian E.

PY - 2018

Y1 - 2018

N2 - One of the implications of climate change is a predicted increase in frequent and severe heatwaves. The impact of heatwaves on the health of the population is captured through real-time syndromic healthcare surveillance systems monitored daily in England during the summer months. Internet search data could potentially provide improved timeliness and help to assess the wider population health impact of heat by capturing a population sub-group who are symptomatic but do not seek healthcare. A retrospective observational study was carried out from June 2013 to September 2017 in England to compare daily trends in validated syndromic surveillance heat-related morbidity indicators against symptom-based heatwave related Google search terms. The degree of correlation was determined with Spearman correlation coefficients and lag assessment was carried out to determine timeliness. Daily increases in frequency in Google search terms during heatwave events correlated well with validated syndromic indicators. Correlation coefficients between search term frequency and syndromic indicators from 2013 to 2017 were highest with the telehealth service NHS 111 (range of 0.684–0.900 by search term). Lag analysis revealed a similar timeliness between the data sources, suggesting Google data did not provide a delayed or earlier signal in the context of England's syndromic surveillance systems. This work highlights the potential benefits for countries which lack established public health surveillance systems to monitor heat-related morbidity and the use of internet search data to assess the wider population health impact of exposure to heat.

AB - One of the implications of climate change is a predicted increase in frequent and severe heatwaves. The impact of heatwaves on the health of the population is captured through real-time syndromic healthcare surveillance systems monitored daily in England during the summer months. Internet search data could potentially provide improved timeliness and help to assess the wider population health impact of heat by capturing a population sub-group who are symptomatic but do not seek healthcare. A retrospective observational study was carried out from June 2013 to September 2017 in England to compare daily trends in validated syndromic surveillance heat-related morbidity indicators against symptom-based heatwave related Google search terms. The degree of correlation was determined with Spearman correlation coefficients and lag assessment was carried out to determine timeliness. Daily increases in frequency in Google search terms during heatwave events correlated well with validated syndromic indicators. Correlation coefficients between search term frequency and syndromic indicators from 2013 to 2017 were highest with the telehealth service NHS 111 (range of 0.684–0.900 by search term). Lag analysis revealed a similar timeliness between the data sources, suggesting Google data did not provide a delayed or earlier signal in the context of England's syndromic surveillance systems. This work highlights the potential benefits for countries which lack established public health surveillance systems to monitor heat-related morbidity and the use of internet search data to assess the wider population health impact of exposure to heat.

KW - Heat-related illness

KW - Heat-waves

KW - Public health

KW - Syndromic surveillance

KW - Temperature

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85049075448&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.envres.2018.04.002

DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2018.04.002

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 29961548

AN - SCOPUS:85049075448

SN - 0013-9351

VL - 166

SP - 707

EP - 712

JO - Environmental Research

JF - Environmental Research

ER -

Google search patterns monitoring the daily health impact of heatwaves in England: How do the findings compare to established syndromic surveillance systems from 2013 to 2017?

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this